MoleculesCompoundsFermentationGlucoseHydrogenStarchAlcoholsAtomsOrganicLigninYeastOxygenPeptidesEthylNobel Prize inProcessesGreen ChemistryGalactoseBacteriaSupercriticalSmall intestineDioxide emittedPhotosynthesisMoleculeGreenhouse gasCarbohydratesPandemic2022SucroseNitrogenSynthesis2020MetabolismFlavorMonoxideFootprintPrecursorsSustainable chemistryBiochemistryBondsMedicinalBiologyResearchersSyntheticFixationEnzymesBiological sciencesWaterPhosphatesPhysical ChemistryBiochemicalBehaviorPhosphate2019GeneticsProduceSubstancesPotassiumFormFormation
Molecules15
- These elements are important ingredients in both planetary atmospheres and molecules like sugars, alcohols, and simple amino acids. (nasa.gov)
- In addition to simple ices like water, the science team was able to identify frozen forms of a wide range of molecules, from carbon dioxide, ammonia, and methane, to the simplest complex organic molecule, methanol. (nasa.gov)
- Biological macromolecules all contain carbon in ring or chain form, which means they are classified as organic molecules. (coursehero.com)
- Hence, the carbon-hydrogen bond is not generally associated with a large bond dipole moment, and molecules that contain carbon-hydrogen units are not particularly polar. (nationalacademies.org)
- In the "not" category is a family of carbohydrates, which are called oligosaccharides-molecules that consist of between 3 and 10 single sugar molecules that are chemically bound together. (acsh.org)
- The nitrogenous bases of nucleotides are organic (carbon-based) molecules made up of nitrogen-containing ring structures. (khanacademy.org)
- Basically, we looked at what small molecules would have been available and what would be their chemistry," Krishnamurthy said. (nautil.us)
- [12] Traditional chemistry starts with the study of elementary particles , atoms , molecules , [13] substances , metals , crystals and other aggregates of matter . (wikipedia.org)
- The bendable devices are composed of water-based gel infused with light-sensitive molecules - the researchers used plant chlorophyll in one of the experiments - coupled with electrodes coated by carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes or graphite. (nanowerk.com)
- The light-sensitive molecules get "excited" by the sun's rays to produce electricity, similar to plant molecules that get excited to synthesize sugars in order to grow, says NC State's Dr. Orlin Velev, Invista Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and the lead author of a paper published online in the Journal of Materials Chemistry describing this new generation of solar cells ( 'Aqueous soft matter based photovoltaic devices' ). (nanowerk.com)
- The ATP molecule can then power all the essential chemistry e.g. breaking down or synthesising molecules in an organism's metabolism (*) , facilitating active transport, organ function including the working of the muscles. (docbrown.info)
- Cellulose and hemicellulose are large, complex sugar molecules that make up most of what we call wood. (msu.edu)
- In this case, it makes simple sugars (saccharification) from complex cellulose and hemicellulose molecules. (msu.edu)
- Consider just three immensely important carbon-based molecules - chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and retinol. (blurb.co.uk)
- And there are literally thousands of carbon-based molecules, performing different functions (often simultaneously) to keep us ticking. (blurb.co.uk)
Compounds10
- The chemistry of mirror-imaged compounds is exactly the same, differing only in the spatial orientation of covalently bonded atoms (analogous to your right and left hands being equivalent). (evolutionnews.org)
- Organometallic (OM) chemistry is the study of compounds containing, and reactions involving, metal-carbon bonds. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Yeast fermentation yields other byproducts besides alcohol and carbon dioxide, including flavor compounds called congeners . (ksn.com)
- How do you know that salt (NaCl) and sugar (C12H22O11) are both compounds? (abc.net.au)
- 3. Explain how organic compounds differ from inorganic ones, using sugar and salt as your examples. (abc.net.au)
- They started with just two compounds-glyoxylate and pyruvate, the two smallest alpha-ketoacids, containing only two and three carbon atoms respectively. (nautil.us)
- The production of useful compounds from renewable feedstocks is important for the development of sustainable chemistry. (chemistryviews.org)
- Biolog's patented redox chemistry makes use of different carbon compounds including sugars, carboxylic acids, amino acids and peptides to provide an unparalleled wealth of discriminating biochemical characterizations. (biolog.com)
- Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide is an excellent nonpolar solvent for many organic compounds, including caffeine. (frostburg.edu)
- The growth curve reflected a diauxic growth other uses for it, in particular lignosulfonates originating from when mixtures of the model compounds were used as carbon the sulfite pulping process, but the predominant technical lig- source. (lu.se)
Fermentation8
- I'm a bourbon researcher and chemistry professor who teaches classes on fermentation, and I'm a bourbon connoisseur myself. (rawstory.com)
- The yeast consumes sugars and produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as byproducts during the process called fermentation - that's how the bourbon becomes alcoholic . (rawstory.com)
- The industrial sugars are used in chemistry and fermentation processes to produce a broad range of durable materials, while lignin is used in energy generation. (avantium.com)
- They link up and remain in wine after fermentation , when yeast turns the grape sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. (wineenthusiast.com)
- Here we describe the development of a carbon-negative fermentation route to producing the industrially important chemicals acetone and isopropanol from abundant, low-cost waste gas feedstocks, such as industrial emissions and syngas. (nature.com)
- Biomanufacturing by fermentation enables sustainable, purposeful production of desired chemicals using 'above-ground' carbon sources. (nature.com)
- In this process, acetone, butanol and ethanol are produced in a mixed fermentation (typically in a ratio of 3:6:1) by the solventogenic Clostridium species Clostridium acetobutylicum , Clostridium beijerinckii , Clostridium saccharobutylicum or Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum from sugar or starch feedstocks 7 . (nature.com)
- Producing biofuels can be the main process of a biorefinery, for example the production of different alcohols by fermentation of sugars from the biobased raw material. (lu.se)
Glucose10
- Regular table sugar is the disaccharide sucrose (a polymer), which is composed of the monosaccharides fructose and glucose (which are monomers). (coursehero.com)
- This is because humans can absorb, via the small intestine, only monosaccharides (single sugars) like the galactose, glucose, and fructose that make up raffinose. (acsh.org)
- This even holds true for common cane sugar (sucrose), a molecule that is made up from molecule of glucose and one of glucose fructose. (acsh.org)
- Labeling of Trypanosoma brucei cell cultures with 50% uniformly 13C-labeled glucose demonstrated incorporation of glucose-derived carbon into 187 of 588 putatively identified metabolites in diverse pathways including carbohydrate, nucleotide, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. (acs.org)
- My speculation is as a result of the lack of primary alcohol at the end of traditional carbohydrates like D-glucose for example means that there is not carbon group alpha or beta to carbon 4 in the furanose ring. (stackexchange.com)
- Respiration is the process of transferring chemical energy to power the chemistry of ALL cells by breaking down sugars like glucose - aerobically with oxygen or anaerobically without oxygen and overall the process is exothermic - energy releasing. (docbrown.info)
- Glucose , under the right conditions, can be completely oxidised to carbon dioxide and water . (docbrown.info)
- This energy then splits (oxidises) the water molecule during the first stage of photosynthesis to generate molecular oxygen (the vital gas that keeps us alive) and hydrogen ions, the latter subsequently combining with carbon dioxide, reducing it to create the simple sugar, glucose which contains 6 carbon atoms. (blurb.co.uk)
- Lactase breaks down the lactose, milk sugar, into glucose and galactose that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. (libretexts.org)
- Glucose , a type of sugar and your body's main source of energy. (medlineplus.gov)
Hydrogen10
- If you want to build a habitable planet, ices are a vital ingredient because they are the main source of several key elements - namely carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (referred to here as CHONS). (nasa.gov)
- Carbon and hydrogen, as atoms, have similar electronegativities. (nationalacademies.org)
- In contrast,bonds joining carbon and hydrogen atoms to heteroatoms (atoms other than carbon or hydrogen)are often quite polar. (nationalacademies.org)
- When oligosaccharides are chemically broken down, they do form a number of gases (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, others), but none of these gases has an odor. (acsh.org)
- The 2' carbon bears a hydroxyl group in ribose, but no hydroxyl (just hydrogen) in deoxyribose. (khanacademy.org)
- But when you look at the elements in sugar, you end up with C12, 12 parts carbon, H22, 22 parts hydrogen, and O11, 11 parts oxygen. (abc.net.au)
- Carbon and hydrogen, it seemed, could combine in unimaginably complex and often confusing ways. (abc.net.au)
- Just as plants reduce carbon dioxide to produce sugars as fuel, we look to use the energy of the sun to reduce protons from water into hydrogen gas, which burns cleanly with no CO2 emission. (colorado.edu)
- The most common elements of these complex sugars are carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. (msu.edu)
- We have an awful lot of carbon (18 percent by mass) in our bodies - less than oxygen (65 percent) admittedly but more than hydrogen (10 percent). (blurb.co.uk)
Starch4
- Common forms include carbon black, sugar, or starch. (fireworks.com)
- Due to the different strategies of evergreen and deciduous species in nutrients use, the deciduous species had higher N and P remobilization rate, but lower remobilization rate of sugars, starch, and NSC than the evergreen species at the end of growing season. (sisef.it)
- TDA's patented activated carbons that were made from inexpensive and abundant saccharides (e.g. starch and sugar) have increased mesoporosity (pores between 2 nm and 50 nm), which allowed it to be loaded with substantially more additive for ammonia adsorption, and its more open pore structure also enhanced the ammonia uptake kinetics. (cdc.gov)
- The raw materials that are about to be tested include sugar from sugar beets and by-products from sugar mills, starch from potato farming, and cellulose from forestry and agricultural by-products. (lu.se)
Alcohols3
- Do Heui Kim, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, and colleagues have developed a process for the hydrolytic hydrogenation of alginic acid (pictured), derived from macroalgae, to produce sugar alcohols, mainly sorbitol and mannitol. (chemistryviews.org)
- According to the researchers, the method could reduce the dependence on lignocellulosic biomass for the sustainable production of sugar alcohols. (chemistryviews.org)
- Catalytic Hydrogenation of Macroalgae-derived Alginic Acid into Sugar Alcohols , Chunghyeon Ban, Wonjin Jeon, Hee Chul Woo, Do Heui Kim, ChemSusChem 2017 . (chemistryviews.org)
Atoms5
- Atoms of Fire: What makes salt and sugar so different? (abc.net.au)
- Discover how chemists identify what kinds of atoms a compound is made of, then find out why an organic compound like sugar is much more difficult to analyse than an inorganic one like salt. (abc.net.au)
- The interactions, reactions and transformations that are studied in chemistry are usually the result of interactions between atoms, leading to rearrangements of the chemical bonds which hold atoms together. (wikipedia.org)
- the carbon atoms, lastly, are naturally represented by black balls. (todayinsci.com)
- Consequently, all living things (plants and animals alike) employ a humongous number of carbon atoms in a bewildering variety of ways in their bodies. (blurb.co.uk)
Organic8
- Organic chemistry is the chemistry of life that has its roots in the study of natural products. (flinnsci.com)
- He is survived by his wife, Paula Yurkanis Bruice, a renowned author of undergraduate organic chemistry textbooks. (scienceoxygen.com)
- The discipline combines expertise from chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, pharmacology, and other biological sciences. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Organometallic Compound is a chemical compound which contains at least one bond between a metallic element and a carbon atom belonging to an organic molecule. (scienceoxygen.com)
- AMANDA TILBURY: These were the darkest days of organic chemistry. (abc.net.au)
- Of salt and sugar which is the organic compound? (abc.net.au)
- Anaerobic organisms can also run the cycle in reverse to transform carbon dioxide into the organic building blocks of fats and sugars. (nautil.us)
- The Long Reach Of Organic Chemistry Part 2. (blurb.co.uk)
Lignin1
- The Delfzijl plant will pilot Avantium's latest technology to convert plant-based non-food feedstock to high purity industrial sugars and lignin. (avantium.com)
Yeast2
- The yeast eats the sugar and multiply until the sugar supply is exhausted. (gourmetgiftbaskets.com)
- The natural byproducts that the yeast create in this process are alcohol and carbon dioxide. (gourmetgiftbaskets.com)
Oxygen1
Peptides1
- Dichloromethane selectively dissolves caffeine without carrying off sugars, peptides, and flavor ingredients, so it removes coffee's buzz without changing its taste. (frostburg.edu)
Ethyl1
- A nontoxic and more environmentally benign solvent than either dichloromethane or ethyl acetate is now used: supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. (frostburg.edu)
Nobel Prize in1
- Kurt Alder: Discovery of the Diels-Alder reaction, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950. (wikipedia.org)
Processes4
- A detailed understanding of the molecular, and physiological processes underlying the partitioning of carbon assimilates will provide targets to manipulate the balance between sucrose and lignocellulosic biomass as carbon sinks. (frontiersin.org)
- Biochemical processes use chemistry and microbes to produce ethanol. (msu.edu)
- Unlike traditional production processes, which result in release of greenhouse gases, our process fixes carbon. (nature.com)
- In a year or so, we also want to begin designing processes to convert carbon dioxide into chemicals", says Rajni Hatti-Kaul. (lu.se)
Green Chemistry3
- They bring innovation, green chemistry and highly skilled jobs to the region and fit well with the existing local chemistry, energy and agricultural sectors and the knowledge institutions. (avantium.com)
- Chemport Europe is an incubator for green chemistry. (avantium.com)
- No viable green chemistry alternatives are available. (nature.com)
Galactose1
- To recognize galactose look for the upward projection of the -OH on carbon # 4. (libretexts.org)
Bacteria1
- The ingested lactose is not absorbed in the small intestine, but instead is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine, producing uncomfortable volumes of carbon dioxide gas. (libretexts.org)
Supercritical4
- Matrix Presented) Acetylated sugars derivatives exhibit high solubility in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ). (nyu.edu)
- The carbon dioxide becomes a supercritical fluid which has both gaslike and liquidlike properties. (frostburg.edu)
- Supercritical carbon dioxide is forced through green coffee beans. (frostburg.edu)
- The article includes a step-by-step illustration of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of caffeine. (frostburg.edu)
Small intestine1
- Indigestible sugars (there are a number of them) are not absorbed in the small intestine. (acsh.org)
Dioxide emitted2
- Scientists have found that the seas have already absorbed about half of all the carbon dioxide emitted by humanity since the start of the industrial revolution, a staggering 500 billion tons of it. (theoildrum.com)
- There is a great need for society to decrease our reliance on fossil fuels (from, for example, coal or natural gas) in order to reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, and the use of biofuels is one opportunity to do so. (lu.se)
Photosynthesis2
- The ability to generate synthetic liquid fuels from stable, oxygenated carbon precursors such as CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) is reminiscent of photosynthesis in nature and is a transformation that is desirable in artificial systems. (caltech.edu)
- What is photosynthesis in bioinorganic chemistry? (scienceoxygen.com)
Molecule3
- This cleavage results in the formation of a terminal carbide-a single carbon atom bound to a metal center-that subsequently makes a bond with the second CO molecule coordinated to the metal. (caltech.edu)
- Although all three of its component sugars are easily digestible when they are separate, when they are bound together to form a single molecule, they are not. (acsh.org)
- The sugar molecule has a central position in the nucleotide, with the base attached to one of its carbons and the phosphate group (or groups) attached to another. (khanacademy.org)
Greenhouse gas2
- Realizing a sustainable future requires intensifying the waste stream conversion, such as converting the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide into value-added products. (rsc.org)
- In the quest for sustainable alternative energy and fuel sources, one viable solution may be the conversion of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into liquid fuels. (caltech.edu)
Carbohydrates1
- Carbohydrates, such as sugars, are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water. (scienceoxygen.com)
Pandemic2
- OBJECTIVE: We examined characteristics associated with a high intake of sweet foods and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during the COVID-19 pandemic among US adults. (cdc.gov)
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, which identified high consumers of sweet foods or SSB, can be used to inform efforts to reduce consumers' added sugars intake during pandemic recovery and support their health. (cdc.gov)
20221
- The impact score (IS) 2021 of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications is 4.13, which is computed in 2022 as per its definition. (scienceoxygen.com)
Sucrose1
- review carbon partitioning in sugarcane, which has a source-sink system that creates high concentrations of easily extracted and economically valuable stem sucrose. (frontiersin.org)
Nitrogen5
- He conducted the analysis using data from Utah Division of Air Quality monitoring stations that record ambient concentrations of various pollutants, as well as from satellite imagery that shows nitrogen oxide levels and ground-based sensors that record carbon dioxide emissions . (sltrib.com)
- Each nucleotide is made up of three parts: a nitrogen-containing ring structure called a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and at least one phosphate group. (khanacademy.org)
- Each nucleotide in DNA contains one of four possible nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), guanine (G) cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Adenine and guanine are purines , meaning that their structures contain two fused carbon-nitrogen rings. (khanacademy.org)
- These differ from the naturally more frequently occurring nitrogen (N)-nucleosides - the classical building blocks of RNA - in the way the sugar is linked to the so-called nucleic base. (tugraz.at)
- Instead of a carbon-nitrogen bond, C-nucleosides have a carbon-carbon bond. (tugraz.at)
Synthesis1
- Medicinal chemistry is a discipline that encloses the design, development, and synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs. (scienceoxygen.com)
20202
- On October 12, 2020, in Nature Chemistry , researchers at Furman University and the Scripps Research Institute announced a discovery about how one of the most important parts of cellular metabolism might have come to be. (nautil.us)
- To the origins-of-life researcher Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy , an associate professor of chemistry at the Scripps Research Institute and another co-author of the October 2020 paper, this was "a classic case of how the focus solely on biological clues has led this community into a corner, which has stymied real progress in the field. (nautil.us)
Metabolism3
- A deep search has turned up an RNA that can carry out the chemically complex 'aldol' reaction involved in sugar metabolism. (nature.com)
- Aldol chemistry occurs in a crucial step in sugar metabolism in all cells, and is central to glycolysis, the Calvin cycle, and other energy-yielding pathways. (nature.com)
- Greg Springsteen of Furman University said that in the approach to this origins-of-metabolism study that he and his colleagues took, "We were following rather than leading the chemistry. (nautil.us)
Flavor1
- Almost all bourbons also have malted barley, which lends a nutty, smoky flavor and provides enzymes that turn starches into sugars later in the production process. (rawstory.com)
Monoxide2
- The research in the paper, 'Four-electron deoxygenative reductive coupling of carbon monoxide at a single metal site,' was funded by Caltech and the National Science Foundation. (caltech.edu)
- Carbon monoxide was not detected. (cdc.gov)
Footprint2
- Life cycle analysis confirmed a negative carbon footprint for the products. (nature.com)
- 2015) 'Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. (lu.se)
Precursors1
- More recently, alternative conversion chemistries for the generation of liquid fuels from oxygenated carbon precursors have been reported. (caltech.edu)
Biochemistry1
- Bioinorganic Chemistry is a multidisciplinary field which draws on expertise in biochemistry, chemistry, crystallography, genetics, medicine, microbiology together with the effective application of advanced physical methods. (scienceoxygen.com)
Bonds2
- form bonds to carbon. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Alpha-ketoacids drew their attention because of "their stability in water and their propensity to form carbon-carbon bonds, the skeleton of biology," Springsteen said. (nautil.us)
Medicinal1
Biology2
- The TCA cycle is at the heart of much of modern biology, where it is used both to break down food into energy and to synthesize vital building blocks of proteins," said Greg Springsteen , a professor of chemistry at Furman University, an origins-of-life researcher and one of the authors of the study. (nautil.us)
- In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology . (wikipedia.org)
Researchers1
- Although a carbide is commonly proposed as an intermediate in CO reductive coupling, this is the first direct demonstration of its role in this type of chemistry, the researchers say. (caltech.edu)
Synthetic3
- Formaldehyde can be sustainably derived from other C 1 feedstocks, and in this work, we designed a synthetic enzyme cascade for producing the functional C 4 sugar erythrulose. (rsc.org)
- While the generated ethynol derivative is not useful as a fuel, it represents a step toward being able to generate synthetic multicarbon fuels from carbon dioxide. (caltech.edu)
- New catalysts can simplify synthetic schemes or open up new possibilities in synthetic chemistry. (colorado.edu)
Fixation1
- It is concluded that altered carbon fixation and allocation by low irradiance limited ear growth at pre-anthesis. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
Enzymes1
- All the chemistry of respiration is catalysed by the specific enzymes in cells. (docbrown.info)
Biological sciences2
Water1
- The general idea in brewing is to cook grains with water for enough time that they release sugars into the water. (gourmetgiftbaskets.com)
Phosphates2
- Labeling patterns confirmed the metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of many detected metabolites, and labeling was detected in unexpected metabolites, including two higher sugar phosphates annotated as octulose phosphate and nonulose phosphate. (acs.org)
- Bernd Nidetzky, Head of the Institute of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering at TU Graz and at the same time Scientific Director of the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), and Martin Pfeiffer from acib discovered and characterized in a study the enzyme 'YeiN', which can link the two nucleoside building blocks ribose-5-phosphates and uracil by means of a specific carbon bond. (tugraz.at)
Physical Chemistry2
- My education: PhD in Physical Chemistry, Salford University. (blurb.co.uk)
- In our scientific activity at the Division of Physical Chemistry 1 we find it essential to establish long-term goals and policies that are based on an unbiased analysis of the specific situation, rather than an uncritical following of the current trends. (lu.se)
Biochemical1
- Bioinorganic chemistry is an interdisciplinary scientific branch that examines the chemistry of inorganic entities within biological and biochemical systems. (scienceoxygen.com)
Behavior3
- Students of chemistry and related areas develop their understanding of molecular behavior and chemical reactivity through years of study that cannot be condensed into a few pages. (nationalacademies.org)
- The two major components of bioinorganic chemistry are: i) the study of naturally occurring inorganic elements in bio-systems and ii) introduction of these elements as probes or drugs into biological systems and studying inorganic models that mimic the behavior of various metallo-proteins. (scienceoxygen.com)
- Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter . (wikipedia.org)
Phosphate2
- Image of the components of DNA and RNA, including the sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. (khanacademy.org)
- The phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon. (khanacademy.org)
20191
- Thomas Bruice, one of the fathers of bioorganic chemistry, died on February 15, 2019, at the age of 93. (scienceoxygen.com)
Genetics1
- review the current knowledge about cell wall genetics, chemistry and structure in Miscanthus . (frontiersin.org)
Produce3
- Franz Carl Achard: Developed a process to produce sugar from sugar beet. (wikipedia.org)
- Asteroids containing significant amounts of carbon, never visited by extraterrestrials like us, may provide a reasonable idea of what abiotic chemistry can produce. (evolutionnews.org)
- The simple sugars are then fermented to produce a solution called a beer. (msu.edu)
Substances1
- If you remember from chemistry class, heat can help solid substances dissolve in fluids, while cold can force them back into crystal form. (wineenthusiast.com)
Potassium1
- Sodium , potassium , carbon dioxide , and chloride . (medlineplus.gov)
Form2
- Our results provide insights into the initial, dark chemistry stage of the formation of ice on the interstellar dust grains that will grow into the centimeter-sized pebbles from which planets form in disks," said Melissa McClure, an astronomer at Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands, who is the principal investigator of the observing program and lead author of the paper describing this result. (nasa.gov)
- To support an informed analysis of the possibilities for life in the cosmos, this chapter summarizes chemical concepts needed to evaluate the plausibility of a potential exotic life form and shows how they relate to the chemistry of the life that we know. (nationalacademies.org)
Formation4
- In this paper, we focus on utilizing formaldehyde as a C 1 carbon source for enzymatic C-C bond formation. (rsc.org)
- Mitchell was unsure whether that was due to reduced overall particulate matter emissions or reduced formation of particulate matter through atmospheric chemistry. (sltrib.com)
- This involves carbon-carbon bond formation which would have been required at several significant points in the evolution of life, including, possibly, when ribose was first produced. (nature.com)
- [7] For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant growth ( botany ), the formation of igneous rocks ( geology ), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded ( ecology ), the properties of the soil on the moon ( cosmochemistry ), how medications work ( pharmacology ), and how to collect DNA evidence at a crime scene ( forensics ). (wikipedia.org)