• Alterations in six metabolic pathways were found on D 17 and D 45, including variations in the level of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. (nature.com)
  • In addition to these pathways, 9 metabolic pathways were markedly altered on D 45. (nature.com)
  • HPLC-QTOF/MS was used in combination with pattern recognition methods and pathway analysis methods to look for variation in the metabolic phenotype and to generate a better understanding of the metabolic mechanisms occurring in pregnant dairy cows. (nature.com)
  • High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Increasing evidence has shown that KSHV infection can alter central carbon metabolic pathways to produce biomass for viral replication, as well as the survival and proliferation of infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer cells often rewire metabolic pathways to balance ATP production for supporting rapidly tumor proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Figure 1 Brief schematics of KSHV-mediated alteration of host cellular metabolic pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Comparison of these two types of fiber revealed significant higher 13C enrichment in inulin treated samples compared to cellulose, reflecting distinct metabolic pathways of dietary fibers in the gut microbiome, which could be related with host effects. (usda.gov)
  • To investigate the comparative genomics, ecology, and physiological potential of the SAR324 clade, we examined the distribution and variability of key genomic features and metabolic pathways in this group from surface waters to the abyss in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, one of the largest biomes on Earth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, those inhabiting the sunlit ocean displayed higher plasticity energy-related metabolic pathways, supporting a presumptive photoheterotrophic lifestyle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, our knowledge of the actual metabolic pathways and metabolite fluxes occurring in these pathogens under infection conditions is still limited. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Role of the cystathionine β-synthase / H2S pathway in the development of cellular metabolic dysfunction and pseudohypoxia in down syndrome. (helsinki.fi)
  • We explored differentially expressed proteins and metabolic pathways in pSS using proteomics and metabolomics. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is able to do so, in part, by providing exquisitely detailed, fully searchable, hyperlinked diagrams of human metabolic pathways, metabolic disease pathways, metabolite signaling pathways and drug-action pathways. (smpdb.ca)
  • This method is a qualitative alternative to 13 C-Metabolic Flux Analysis that significantly reduces the time and expense for analyzing cell metabolisms. (confex.com)
  • The analysis report includes multivariate analysis, metabolic pathway mapping and absolute quantitation based biochemical parameters, which enable the easy monitoring of intracellular metabolic status. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • Central carbon metabolism uses a complex series of enzymatic steps to convert sugars (e.g. glucose) into metabolic precursors. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • The tricarboxylic acid cycle (or Krebs cycle) is the central metabolic pathway that links together carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid degradation and supplies precursors for various biosynthetic pathways including NAHD and FADH2 to the electron transport chain in normal cells who rely primarily on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation ( OXPHOS ) to generate ATP for energy. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • This package is a high-value tool for the investigation of metabolism of cancer and other metabolic diseases. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • The determination of metabolic flux is a critical component of metabolism research, however, in the past it has been difficult extracting meaningful data due to lags in technology development. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • These metabolic transitions are only just beginning to be understood, often relying on transcriptional data to infer metabolism, rather than actual metabolic outputs. (conditionmed.org)
  • For a biotechnological exploitation of this bacterium for H 2 production it is crucial to understand the factors that regulate carbon and electron fluxes and therefore the final distribution of metabolites to channel the metabolic flux towards the desired product. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combining experimental results from batch fermentations with genome analysis, reconstruction of central carbon metabolism and metabolic flux analysis (MFA), this study shed light on glucose catabolism of the thermophilic alkalitolerant bacterium C. celer . (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. celer possesses a flexible fermentative metabolism that allows redistribution of fluxes at key metabolic nodes to simultaneously control redox state and efficiently harvest energy from substrate even under unfavorable conditions (i.e. low pH and high P H2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reconstructed carbon and sulfur metabolic pathways, coupled with RNA-Seq analysis, suggested a marginal Crabtree effect under high glucose and activation of sulfur metabolism toward methionine biosynthesis under sulfur limitation in this yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Classic metabolic engineering strategies often induce significant flux imbalances to microbial metabolism, causing undesirable outcomes such as suboptimal conversion of substrates to products. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Carbon atoms of degraded amino acids as major metabolic intermediates. (unizg.hr)
  • Four metabolic pathways and one oxidative stress pathway were identified in the miPPSPC, whereas linoleic acid metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway were identified in the mPPSPC. (aging-us.com)
  • The metabolic and oxidative stress pathways may participate in PC progression. (aging-us.com)
  • The nuances of method-specific extramitochondrial metabolism must be scrutinized to properly qualify specific endpoints employed, particularly under the circumstances of metabolic reprogramming. (cdc.gov)
  • Nevertheless, only chemically described media with a unitary carbon supply are applicable to become studied by typical 13C metabolic flux evaluation (MFA) [14, 15]. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
  • Riboflavin biosynthesis with entails Rabbit Polyclonal to CYC1 multiple compartments and different metabolic pathways. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
  • A total of 96 pathways were significantly enriched including central carbon metabolism in cancer, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and ABC transporters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Central carbon metabolism is essential for cancer cell proliferation and survival. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • One of the end products of central carbon metabolism, pyruvate, is central energy metabolism, or the TCA cycle. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • Central carbon metabolism, central energy metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway include many phosphorylated sugars, positional isomers and charged polar species, thus have become a challenge to measure. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • The aromatic amino acid pathway (AAAP) branches from the central carbon metabolism (CCM) by the aldolic condensation of erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), being present in bacteria and plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This map presents an overall view of central carbon metabolism, where the number of carbons is shown for each compound denoted by a circle, excluding a cofactor (CoA, CoM, THF, or THMPT) that is replaced by an asterisk. (uni-freiburg.de)
  • In this revised model ( i SO595), we decoupled glycogen biosynthesis/degradation from growth, thus enabling dynamic allocation of carbon storage. (biorxiv.org)
  • Carbon (13C) from soluble (inulin) and insoluble (cellulose) fibers were utilized by gut microbiome to a different extent in the biosynthesis of amino acids, pantothenic acid and co-factors. (usda.gov)
  • In recent decades, many lipid metabolism genes and pathways have been identified, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie species differences in seed oil biosynthesis are not fully understood. (researchsquare.com)
  • Compared to rapeseed and castor bean, fewer lipid biosynthesis genes but more lipid metabolism genes were regulated in the maize embryo. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • Accordingly, the contribution of vegetable oil, the main carbon source, or order AZD6738 yeast extract to the carbon core metabolism and subsequent riboflavin biosynthesis still remains to be elucidated. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
  • The terminal biosynthesis starts from GTP, which is usually created in the purine biosynthesis, and ribulose 5-phosphate originating from the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
  • Pyruvate metabolism was inclined toward ethanol production under aerobic conditions in S. cerevisiae, while increased transcript abundances of the genes involved in ethanol metabolism and those encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase were seen in K. marxianus, indicating the augmentation of acetyl-CoA synthesis. (omicsdi.org)
  • In addition, highly active glyoxylate shunt fluxes and a pyruvate/acetate cycle are indicators of overflow glycolytic metabolism in the tested conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The enzymes catalyze decarboxylation of pyruvate and of ketoglutarate and the transketolation reaction in the pentose phosphate pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The six carbon fixation pathways are: (1) reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) in plants and cyanobacteria that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, (2) reductive citrate cycle in photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria and some chemolithoautotrophs, (3) 3-hydroxypropionate bi-cycle in photosynthetic green nonsulfur bacteria, two variants of 4-hydroxybutyrate pathways in Crenarchaeota called (4) hydroxypropionate-hydroxybutyrate cycle and (5) dicarboxylate-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and (6) reductive acetyl-CoA pathway in methanogenic bacteria. (uni-freiburg.de)
  • A water-saving mode of photosynthesis whereby CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) taken up during the nocturnal opening of stomata (STOMATA, PLANT) is fixed to produce malate, which is accumulated in VACUOLES overnight as malic acid and subsequently decarboxylated during the day with the resulting CO2 produced being re-fixed by RUBISCO and re-assimilated through the REDUCTIVE PENTOSE PHOSPHATE CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, our results indicate that PD630 uses the ED pathway and gluconeogenesis concurrently for co-utilization of glucose and phenol. (confex.com)
  • Gluconeogenesis is typically inhibited when glucose is catabolized through the EMP pathway, thus PD630's preference for the ED pathway could be a key strategy to avoid this inhibition under growth with multiple carbon sources. (confex.com)
  • The switch from photosynthesis and glycogen storage to glycogen depletion is associated with a redistribution of fluxes from the Entner-Doudoroff to the Pentose Phosphate pathway. (biorxiv.org)
  • Our 13 C-fingerprinting approach resulted in several findings: 1) PD630 strongly prefers to utilize the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway over Emden-Meyerhof (EMP) and the pentose phosphate pathway, 2) highly active malic enzyme and anaplerotic pathways, 3) uptake & utilization of exogenous amino acids, and 4) no carbon catabolite repression detected on growth with glucose and phenol. (confex.com)
  • The obtained flux distributions indicate the presence of high fluxes through the pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways, which could limit the availability of erythrose-4-phosphate for shikimic acid production even with high flux redirection through the pentose phosphate pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Central metabolism, which includes bioenergetics and protein / nucleotide turnover is involved in most cellular systems, and therefore is regarded as core to understanding systems biology. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • More importantly, most maize genes encoding lipid-related transcription factors, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic enzymes, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Calvin Cycle proteins were not regulated during seed oil synthesis, despite the presence of many homologs in the maize genome. (researchsquare.com)
  • Thiamine mainly functions as thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), which serves as a prosthetic group or cofactor for 3 enzymes essential to carbohydrate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • These enzymes all use thiamine's thiazole ring to activate and transfer a 2-carbon unit (aldehyde), which provides precursors for other synthetic pathways and also provides energy for the cell. (medscape.com)
  • Галактоземія Galactosemia is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by inherited deficiencies in enzymes that convert galactose to glucose. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Planktonic cyanobacteria are a fundamental component of marine food webs and are major contributors to global carbon and nitrogen fluxes. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the very first time, this allowed the quantitative computation of carbon fluxes in (we) the development stage, but also (ii) the riboflavin biosynthetic stage within a riboflavin creation set-up. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
  • With absolute quantitation of 116 target metabolites engaged in central metabolism, Carcinoscope or C-SCOPE provides basic biochemical parameters which enable researchers to better understand cellular status such as bioenergetics, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function covering the glycolytic pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, urea cycle and glutathione metabolism. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • The Q353 option covers all of the glycolytic , TCA and pentose phosphate metabolites in CARCINOSCOPE, plus many others. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • SMPDB is designed specifically to support pathway elucidation and pathway discovery in metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and systems biology. (smpdb.ca)
  • By using random sampling in the ensuing flux space, we found that storage of glycogen or exudation of organic acids are favored when the growth is nitrogen limited, while exudation of amino acids becomes more likely when phosphate is the limiting resource. (biorxiv.org)
  • Studies on glycogen and carbon metabolism in ' C. trachomatis' indicated that chlamydia was capable of limited growth in the presence of certain gluconeogenic substrates but was not able to synthesize glycogen from these substrates. (umanitoba.ca)
  • 13.Glycogen metabolism. (unizg.hr)
  • Хвороби накопичення глікогену Glycogen storage diseases are carbohydrate metabolism disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Virus infection may reprogram host metabolism for viral genome and protein synthesis, as well as lipid envelope generation for virion production. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we design a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to augment the CBB cycle for efficient acetyl-CoA synthesis. (osti.gov)
  • article{osti_1500021, title = {Augmenting the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle by a synthetic malyl-CoA-glycerate carbon fixation pathway}, author = {Yu, Hong and Li, Xiaoqian and Duchoud, Fabienne and Chuang, Derrick S. and Liao, James C.}, abstractNote = {The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is presumably evolved for optimal synthesis of C3 sugars, but not for the production of C2 metabolite acetyl-CoA. (osti.gov)
  • Linked to this glycolytic pathway is the pentose phosphate pathway leading to nucleic acid synthesis. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • At high P H2 the cellular redox state was balanced by rerouting the flow of carbon and electrons to ethanol and formate production allowing unaltered glycolytic flux and growth rate, but resulting in a decreased H 2 synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • amino acid synthesis from intermediates of citric acid cycle and other major pathways. (unizg.hr)
  • Synthesis of pyrimidine ring from aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. (unizg.hr)
  • In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Compound-specific carbon isotope analyses (δ 13 C and Δ 14 C) of the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and carbon substrates combined with genomic analyses did identify, however, distinct carbon sources and cycles between the two depth ranges studied. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
  • The data showed that EIEC HN280 growing in the cytosol of the host cells, as well as Stm 14028 replicating in the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) utilised glucose, but not glucose 6-phosphate, other phosphorylated carbohydrates, gluconate or fatty acids as major carbon substrates. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Dark fermentation is a potential carbon neutral process for production of H 2 from organic substrates by mesophilic or thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
  • In addition, unlike other bacteria, ' C. trachomatis' was unable to regulate transcription of central metabolism genes in response to type or amount of carbon found in its growth environment. (umanitoba.ca)
  • With numerous illustrations and tables, each of the nearly 300 sections of the Guide describes genes involved in a specific pathway, process, or structure from the molecular and cellular levels to developmental and physiological processes. (cshlpress.com)
  • Most of the existing research has focused on genes for prognosis prediction, whereas pathways based on mRNAs or miRNAs have never been used to predict survival. (aging-us.com)
  • EC 3.1.3.48 ) catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl-phosphate enzyme intermediate. (embl.de)
  • The key, regulatory enzyme PK was further analyzed and kinetic studies showed that 'C. trachomatis' PK (CTPK) requires cations for activity, can use alternative NDPs as phosphate acceptors and is allosterically inhibited by ATP, GTP and AMP, a metabolite that normally activates bacterial PKs. (umanitoba.ca)
  • The remaining disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are the rare inborn errors of metabolism (ie, genetic defects). (medscape.com)
  • Most inherited disorders of metabolism (inborn errors of metabolism) are rare, and therefore their diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus , an abundant component of this ecosystem, releases a significant fraction of the carbon fixed through photosynthesis, but the amount, timing and molecular composition of released carbon are still poorly understood. (biorxiv.org)
  • In contrast to standard implementations of flux balance modeling, we made use of forced influx of carbon and light into the cell, to recapitulate overflow metabolism due to the decoupling of photosynthesis and carbon fixation from growth during nutrient limitation. (biorxiv.org)
  • The carbon loss in producing acetyl-CoA from decarboxylation of C3 sugar limits the maximum carbon yield of photosynthesis. (osti.gov)
  • Productivity losses associated with heterotrophic metabolism were relatively small compared to other losses during photosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • This yields decreased amounts of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) formation which is required for intramitochondrial electron transport and depletes nucleic acid precursors. (medscape.com)
  • These pathways are core to understanding mitochondrial dysfunction, cancer and cell proliferation. (humanmetabolome.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • The schematic demonstration of order AZD6738 the riboflavin molecule shows the solitary carbon source also inside a qualitative manner: fully 13C-labeled glycine contributes to two unique carbon atoms, while [3-13C]?serine and [13C]?formate contribute their 13C label to another carbon atom. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
  • Lately, we could actually successfully resolve elements of the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway in the commercial producer stress B2 with advanced 13C tracer tests (Fig.?1) [16]. (brain-tumor-cancer-information.com)
  • This work provides a strategy to improve carbon fixation efficiency in photosynthetic organisms. (osti.gov)
  • From these lineages, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are particularly important because they exert a control on primary productivity and the export of organic carbon to the deep ocean, by converting nitrogen gas into ammonium, which is later used to make amino acids and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Please note that proteins can be included in multiple pathways, ie. (embl.de)
  • expressing rubisco and its associated chaperones (green), carboxysome structural proteins (purple), and an inorganic carbon transporter (orange). (elifesciences.org)
  • Altered proteins were significantly associated with signaling pathways such as antigen processing and presentation, human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection, and FC gamma R-mediated phagocytosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver depend on ketone bodies or on glucose for energy and for carbon chains to synthesize cellular proteins (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • This assumption has been verified in a virulence test using well characterized mutants affected in glycerol metabolism. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • This pathway converts a C3 metabolite to two acetyl-CoA by fixation of one additional CO2 equivalent, or assimilates glyoxylate, a photorespiration intermediate, to produce acetyl-CoA without net carbon loss. (osti.gov)
  • All SMPDB pathways include information on the relevant organs, subcellular compartments, protein_complex cofactors, protein_complex locations, metabolite locations, chemical structures and protein_complex quaternary structures. (smpdb.ca)
  • These findings have revealed several interesting features of PD630 metabolism as well as demonstrated the potential of parallel 13 C-metabolite fingerprinting. (confex.com)
  • Additionally, decreased hexokinase activity under aerobic conditions is expected to be important for maintenance of suitable carbon flux. (omicsdi.org)
  • MUC16 knockdown leads to inhibition of mTOR activity and reduced expression of its downstream target c-MYC, a key player in cellular growth, proliferation and metabolism. (oncotarget.com)
  • Inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway resulted in apoptosis preferentially in quiescent fibroblasts. (princeton.edu)
  • Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • Фенілкетонурія (ФКУ) Phenylketonuria is a disorder of amino acid metabolism that causes a clinical syndrome of intellectual disability with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities caused by elevated serum phenylalanine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To quickly elucidate the metabolism of this non-model organism, several parallel 13 C-fingerprinting experiments were designed to probe multiple pathways in Rhodococcus opacus PD630. (confex.com)
  • B[a]P caused enhanced metabolism of each dye assessed despite reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential and was reversed by 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN)-a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
  • These results demonstrate differential sensitivity of standard cytotoxicity assessments on the PPP, thus (1) decoupling 'mitochondrial activity' as an interpretation of cellular formazan and Alamar Blue metabolism, and (2) demonstrating the implicit requirement for investigators to sufficiently verify interaction of these methods in routine cytotoxicity and proliferation characterization. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we analysed the intracellular carbon metabolism of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC HN280 and EIEC 4608-58) and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (Stm 14028) replicating in epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Surprisingly, the metabolism of the host cells, as judged by the efficiency of (13)C-incorporation into host cell amino acids, was not significantly affected by the infection with either of these intracellular pathogens. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • We then implement the pathway in a photosynthetic organism Synechococcus elongates PCC7942, and show that it increases the intracellular acetyl-CoA pool and enhances bicarbonate assimilation by roughly 2-fold. (osti.gov)
  • To this aim, we supplied [U-(13)C(6)]glucose to Caco-2 cells infected with the bacterial strains or mutants thereof impaired in the uptake of glucose, mannose and/or glucose 6-phosphate. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Despite extensive sequencing-based characterization of the gut microbiome, there remains a lack of understanding of microbial metabolism. (usda.gov)
  • This indicates the intricate control of metabolism and redox balance for survival of cancer cells that can be targeted by therapeutic agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Control of metabolism. (unizg.hr)
  • Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to establish and validate a miRNA set-based pathway prognostic signature for PC (miPPSPC) and a mRNA set-based pathway prognostic signature for PC (mPPSPC) in independent datasets. (aging-us.com)
  • Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), a functional enrichment analysis method similar to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), allows the assessment of underlying pathway activity variation in each sample by pre-inputting a selected gene set [ 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • For many phototrophic communities, cyanobacteria are the primary producers, capturing solar energy and providing fixed carbon and molecular oxygen to heterotrophic populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genome information from each heterotrophic population was investigated for six ecological niches created by cyanobacterial metabolism and one niche for phototrophy. (frontiersin.org)
  • The current investigation aimed to demonstrate how interpretation of results from several standard cytotoxicity and proliferation assays vary in dependence on contributions from the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). (cdc.gov)