• These emissions often contain much larger percentages of combustion by-products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than the initial petroleum products. (cdc.gov)
  • in a consortium as a successful Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrader. (sdewes.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading bacteria can be isolated from polluted coastal environments. (omicsonline.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one class of organic pollutants that are considered the most hazardous due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • AH receptors are identified by their high-affinity binding to several carcinogenic or teratogenic environmental chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in cigarette smoke and smog, heterocyclic amines found in cooked foods, and halogenated hydrocarbons including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. (lookformedical.com)
  • A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. (lookformedical.com)
  • Within PyOM, the metabolism of specific chemistries differed strongly between unlimited and oxygen-limited conditions - degradations of anhydrosugars, phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were more favorable under oxygen limitation than other molecules. (copernicus.org)
  • Some may be likely, some may be possible and some may be unlikely based on current knowledge (an example of the latter may be oxygenases that work on 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). (europa.eu)
  • PAHs could be degraded by bacteria under aerobic conditions through the initial oxidation of the aromatic ring, which is catalyzed by the dioxygenase enzyme. (omicsonline.org)
  • In addition, analysis on culture dependent and culture independent bacteria were done, which might play a vital role in the degradation of the non-degradable compounds. (ispub.com)
  • Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Flavours and fragrances represent over a quarter of the world market and most of the flavouring and perfume compounds are produced through chemical synthesis or by extraction from natural materials like plant and animal sources. (medcraveonline.com)
  • Plant and animal sources are an important source of bioflavours but these bioactive compounds are present in minor quantities thus making their isolation and formulation very expensive. (medcraveonline.com)
  • The structure of flavour compounds from plant sources range from single to complex substances. (medcraveonline.com)
  • Most of these flavouring and fragrance compounds are prepared by chemical technology and only a small fraction of the demand are met from plant or through microbial sources [1]. (medcraveonline.com)
  • The PPS predicts plausible pathways for microbial degradation of chemical compounds. (europa.eu)
  • Aliphatic - of or pertaining to a broad category of carbon compounds distinguished by a straight, or branched, open chain arrangement of the constituent carbon atoms. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • Aromatic - of or relating to organic compounds that resemble benzene in chemical behavior. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • These compounds are unsaturated and characterized by containing at least one 6-carbon benzene ring. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • It is produced during the oil refining process and consists of aromatic compounds, natural and, branched alkanes2. (shuibiao001.com)
  • Carbon compounds have attracted much attention among all the absorbents used so far. (sharif.edu)
  • A group of compounds with three aromatic rings joined in linear arrangement. (lookformedical.com)
  • Bioremediation of PCBs is the use of microorganisms to degrade PCBs from contaminated sites, relying on multiple microorganisms' co-metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bioremediation is a waste removal method that uses microorganisms to degrade or remove wastes like organic waste and heavy metal from contaminated sites including both soil and water. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of agrifood wastes that replace engineered substrates as biostimulants permits the low carbon impact of bioremediation treatment as part of a circular economy approach. (mdpi.com)
  • Bioremediation is one such approach, but is dependent on the availability of microorganisms with the necessary metabolic abilities and environmental adaptability. (springeropen.com)
  • Microorganisms from polluted environments hold the key to unlocking most of the challenges associated with bioremediation (Eze et al. (springeropen.com)
  • One of the most widely used and promising technology to break down the pollutants is bioremediation, which uses selected microorganisms such as fungi, yeast, and bacteria [ 4 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • She completed her Ph.D. in Biology from the University of North Texas studying the bioremediation of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons, under the supervision of Dr. Gerard Roland Vela. (appliedmicrobiology.org)
  • To date little is known about the microbial degradation of OPP. (nature.com)
  • It is nearly impossible to avoid exposure to hydrocarbons from petroleum products, whether it is from gasoline fumes at the pump, spilled crankcase oil on asphalt, solvents used at home or work, or pesticide applications that use petroleum products as carriers. (cdc.gov)
  • There are concerns with both short-term (accidents) and long-term exposures to petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., contaminated drinking water). (cdc.gov)
  • This chapter addresses questions related to the first point: what are the levels of contamination in the environment, what happens to petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment, and what is the likelihood that individuals or populations will be exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons at levels thought to be of concern? (cdc.gov)
  • An understanding of the changes that occur over time in the composition of petroleum hydrocarbons found in soil, water, or air is extremely important in addressing public health issues for TPH. (cdc.gov)
  • With an eye to the availability of petroleum as a source of energy, petroleum production is tracked by the federal government as well as industry trade associations. (cdc.gov)
  • Once processed into products such as motor gasoline and fuel oil, most of the petroleum is burned in engines or boilers to provide energy for transportation, space heating, or electricity. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the microbial community in a petroleum contaminated site, and isolate organisms potentially able to degrade hydrocarbons. (springeropen.com)
  • Through successive enrichment of soil microorganisms from samples of an historic petroleum contaminated site in Wietze, Germany, we isolated a bacterial consortium using diesel fuel hydrocarbons as sole carbon and energy source. (springeropen.com)
  • 2010 ). This is a major threat to both the environment and human health, due to the phytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of petroleum hydrocarbons. (springeropen.com)
  • 2004 ). Hence, the presence of microorganisms with the metabolic capability to degrade petroleum and the ability to adapt to a range of environmental conditions is a crucial factor (Das and Chandran 2011 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Selective pressure placed upon communities of organisms by the large increase of petroleum and other petroleum derivatives selects for the survival of organisms that can use petroleum and derivatives as energy, electron, and or carbon source [5] . (kenyon.edu)
  • This places stress on many marine and shore habitats by placing an imbalance of nutrients through decreasing the amount of oxygen in the environment, since most petroleum degradation are aerobic processes. (kenyon.edu)
  • Soil pollution caused by petroleum hydrocarbons has substantially impacted the environment, especially in the Middle East. (shuibiao001.com)
  • Soil pollution caused by petroleum hydrocarbons is considered a major threat to the environment, especially in Middle Eastern countries. (shuibiao001.com)
  • Failure in transmission lines, leakages from storage tanks and, oil tankers' accidents are some of examples of soil pollution caused by petroleum hydrocarbons in Middle Eastern countries1. (shuibiao001.com)
  • For instance rare cellulose materials -wood, coconut shell, Pyrenees and agricultural wastes-, carbon materials-coal, petroleum coke, tar- and polymer materials- tires and plastics wastes- could be mentioned. (sharif.edu)
  • Our focus is on the application of different microorganisms to CFA, the domestication of microorganisms, preprocessing of CFA to facilitate effective biometallurgical processes, the use of bioreactors, and synthesis of nano silica particles. (researchgate.net)
  • Generate a portfolio of various bioproducts of interest in different sectors through the use of different microorganisms. (cartif.es)
  • It involves the use of microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants. (sdewes.org)
  • The development of biological treatment systems based on the specific ability of microorganisms to degrade OPP could be a viable solution for the detoxification of these effluents. (nature.com)
  • In the pyrene and fluoranthene degradation experiment using a minimum medium, B. fungorum isolate no. 1 and M. gilvum isolate no. 13 were able to degrade 98.6% + 1.9 of pyrene after 20 days, and 99.9% ± 0.1 after a 16-day incubation period, respectively. (omicsonline.org)
  • Anaerobic microorganisms dechlorinate PCBs first, and other microorganisms that are capable of doing BH pathway can break down the dechlorinated PCBs to usable intermediates like acyl-CoA or carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • If no BH pathway-capable microorganisms are present, dechlorinated PCBs can be mineralized with help of fungi and plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, due to the chlorination, PCBs can be used as electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration to store energy, which is also the first stage of the degradation pathway, reductive dechlorination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the PCBs are dechlorinated to a certain degree, usually lower than five chlorines presenting in the structure and one aromatic ring has no chlorine, they can undergo the biphenyl degradation pathway (BP pathway) to be degraded to accessible carbon or CO2 in the aerobic environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, PCBs usually go through a co-metabolism pathway that involving different microorganism species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Figure below shows the complete degradation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparative genome analysis showed that strain MC4 harbors the complete pathway (lin genes) required for HCH degradation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The hydrolysis-, hydroxylated-, monoglucosylated-, methylated products and glutathione (GSH) conjugated derivative were identified and new degradation pathway of TPHP mediated by microorganism was proposed. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the microbial metabolic pathway of the fungicide and the genetic systems driving its degradation by strain P3 remain unknown. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, a dioxygenase gene, nidA3B3, was detected in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 as an alternate degradation pathway which could catalyze both the initial dihydroxylation of pyrene [ 11 ] to be pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol, and an alternate detoxification pyrene pathway to be pyrene cis-1,2-dihydrodiol [ 12 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • However, it should be obvious that as the inevitable degradation processes of environmental plastic continues the amount of nanoplastics is only going to increase. (earthlife.net)
  • Traditional methods of oil spill cleaning include processes such as controlled burns , skimmers, vacuum pumping, low-pressure flush, manual mechanical cleanup, gelling agent , and many more [3] , most of which merely remove the hydrocarbon from the affected water or environment and transfers them to another location. (kenyon.edu)
  • Generate degradation products that can be usead as a carbon source in biotechnological processes. (cartif.es)
  • We further examined the effects of pressure on the isotope enrichment factors of carbon and hydrogen isotopes and propose that the dual isotope derived lambda index, calculated based on bacterial growth pressure, can serve as a diagnostic tool for delineating microbially-driven biogeochemical processes in the deep ocean and deep biosphere. (geochemicalperspectivesletters.org)
  • Activated Carbon as a highly efficient and low price absorbent has manifold functions in separation and absorption processes in liquid or gas phases. (sharif.edu)
  • ß- and δ-isomers of HCH are highly toxic, persistent, and recalcitrant to biodegradation, slow and incomplete degradation of ß- and δ- isomers have been reported in a few strains. (bvsalud.org)
  • 11 ] determined that the group of Actinobacteria was one of the most abundant microorganisms in the bacterial community structure in anaerobic digesters of a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. (sdewes.org)
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • Carbon isotope fractionation between IPLs and glucose showed a positive correlation with bacterial growth pressure, whereas hydrogen isotope fractionation between IPLs and growth water exhibited an inverse correlation with growth pressure, suggesting that fractionation of both carbon and hydrogen isotopes is pressure dependent. (geochemicalperspectivesletters.org)
  • Because of incomplete oxidation, small amounts of hydrocarbon emissions result. (cdc.gov)
  • ES2-1 is an E2-degrading bacterium previously obtained, which converts E2 to estrone (E1) and then to 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OH-E1) followed by oxidation to form metabolites with long-chain structure during upstream degradation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The prepared adsorbents were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm data, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS) and their adsorption performance were investigated. (sharif.edu)
  • Modification of degradation conditions to obtain the most favorable products for fermentations with microorganisms. (cartif.es)
  • Mainly, two genes linA and linB encode dehydrochlorinase and dehalogenase enzymes involved in degradation of HCH. (ispub.com)
  • In silico analyses showed efficient binding of ß- and δ-isomers with enzymes leading to rapid degradation that need further validation by cloning and biochemical experiments. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most natural organisms do not have the energy, or the native enzymes, needed to break these bonds. (earthlife.net)
  • However, if the concentration is too low (lower than 50 mg/kg), the degradation slows down significantly, for there is not enough material to stimulate the expression of required genes and support the growth of competent microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins/genes with a putative catabolic role and bacterium adaptation mechanisms during OPP degradation were identified via genomic and proteomic analysis. (nature.com)
  • In its genes it car-ries the blue-prints for en-zymes that can ac-tiv-ate and de-com-pose vari-ous hy-dro-car-bons. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Faced with the traditional options for managing these wastes, DELOREAN investigates a cascade recovery process consisting of therchemical degradations followed by biotechnological fermentations to transform them into bio-products. (cartif.es)
  • We successfully isolated and analysed a potential hydrocarbon-degrading consortium. (springeropen.com)
  • Toxic effects of oil and their products on the soil environment include enhancing hydrophobicity of soils, disturbance of water availability to vegetation, and direct toxicity to plants and microorganisms. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Various microorganisms are involved in a two-stage process of degradation of PCBs, which happens in aerobic and anaerobic environments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Generally, these insert in soil and can affect the microorganisms that were important in maintaining fertility of the soil. (ispub.com)
  • Flavours are generally used as food additives and they are mostly produced through artificial means i.e. chemical synthesis or by extraction from plant and animal sources. (medcraveonline.com)
  • The exchange of nutrients, energy and carbon between soil organic matter, the soil environment, aquatic systems and the atmosphere is important for agricultural productivity, water quality and climate. (nature.com)
  • We discuss implications of this view of the nature of soil organic matter for aquatic health, soil carbon-climate interactions and land management. (nature.com)
  • Paradigm shifts in soil organic matter research affect interpretations of aquatic carbon cycling: transcending disciplinary and ecosystem boundaries. (nature.com)
  • Trumbore, S. E. Potential responses of soil organic carbon to global environmental change. (nature.com)
  • Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) from wildfires impacts river corridors globally and is widely regarded as resistant to biological degradation. (copernicus.org)
  • The up-regulated members of ABC transport systems, aromatics degradation, and fatty acid degradation indicated a reinforced transfer and utilization of E2. (bvsalud.org)
  • By contrast, Bacillus genus microorganisms are large-sized bacilli (4 - 10 μm), Gram-positive, strict aerobic or encapsulated facultative anaerobes. (sdewes.org)
  • Being able to understand how these biological barriers are transgressed, particularly how a microorganism can adapt to living in another host, is relevant in order to understand how the microorganisms that cause damage emerge. (appliedmicrobiology.org)
  • Labeling of Trypanosoma brucei cell cultures with 50% uniformly 13C-labeled glucose demonstrated incorporation of glucose-derived carbon into 187 of 588 putatively identified metabolites in diverse pathways including carbohydrate, nucleotide, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. (acs.org)
  • Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Changes in the carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems result in emissions and removals of CO 2 . (copernicus.org)
  • Aggregate - coarse mineral material ( e.g. , sand, gravel) that is mixed with either cement to form concrete or tarry hydrocarbons to form asphalt. (carwashloansinfo.com)
  • The objective is to provide an overview sufficiently broad and representative in the sources and to capture all the main ways in which laser pyrolysis has been used and with what distribution. (springer.com)
  • Among the main results, the study showed that the main use of laser pyrolysis is to produce nanoparticles and coatings, the main materials worked by laser pyrolysis are silicon and carbon dioxide and the main searched properties in the products of laser pyrolysis are catalysts activity and electrical conductivity. (springer.com)
  • Laser pyrolysis exploits a laser beam to provide the energy necessary for the pyrolysis reaction of a solid, liquid, or gaseous reagent inside a reactor in which there is a controlled and oxygen-free atmosphere. (springer.com)
  • It is a recalcitrant and toxic substance to various living organisms and severely inhibits the enzymatic metabolism of many microorganisms. (sdewes.org)
  • Second generation bioethanol, i.e., ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is envisaged as a renewable source of transport fuel in the next years to complement or replace the first generation and the fossil fuel. (researchgate.net)
  • Rhizosphere microorganisms and their interactions with plants in wetlands have recently attracted much attention due to their importance in enhancing plant environmental adaptation, removing wetland pollutants, and alleviating climate change. (cabi.org)
  • Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • Compound type (e.g., natural versus PyOM) had approximately 6-fold less impact on predicted respiration rates than simulated carbon and oxygen limitations. (copernicus.org)
  • Her research group is interested in understanding why microorganisms cause infection in humans and animals. (appliedmicrobiology.org)
  • 17-β Estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and testosterone (T) are steroid hormones formed naturally by humans and animals or derived from synthetic sources. (atlantis-press.com)
  • adding such large amounts of hydrocarbons will disrupt this balance with severe consequences [5] . (kenyon.edu)
  • However, there are few microorganisms that can dechlorinate substrate under natural conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The increase in population and its attendant problems (depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation, conflicts and wars, lack of adequate food, water, shelter, education and employment, high cost of living and increase in anthropogenic activities) have placed stress on the available global fresh water leading to water crisis in the world. (scirp.org)
  • Notably, amino sugar-like, protein-like, and lignin-like PyOM had lower carbon use efficiencies relative to natural DOM of the same classes, indicating potential impacts in process-based model representations. (copernicus.org)
  • Recently due to consumer's increased interest and health awareness in natural products, there has been more stress towards the use of natural fragrances and flavours obtained from natural sources. (medcraveonline.com)
  • Most disease-causing microorganisms in humans come from inappropriate contact with animals, where transgression of natural barriers is critical. (appliedmicrobiology.org)
  • Various anthropogenic activities and natural sources contribute to the presence of radioactive materials in the environment, posing a serious threat to phytotoxicity. (cabi.org)
  • Based on the abundance of particular gases in the atmosphere, ozone formation is sensitive to specific human-induced and natural emission sources. (copernicus.org)
  • In reality, beneath slurry conditions, the poison exhaustion rates depend primarily on the corruption action of the microorganisms accessible within the framework14 and the comes about gotten for the most part reflects the real natural depuration potential of the soil13. (shuibiao001.com)
  • The United States Environmental Protection Agency indicated that implementing in situ degradation will result in cost savings of 50 to 80% over traditional methods such as excavation and landfill incineration (USEPA 2001 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Conventional processing methods of CFA are known to pose significant environmental challenges, including the leaching of hazardous materials, emission of toxic gases, and the high energy consumption needed to extract the value-added components. (researchgate.net)
  • Furthermore, current chapter extensively discusses the most recent applications of biodegradable nanomaterials that have recently been explored in the areas of food packaging, energy, environmental remediation, and nanomedicine. (intechopen.com)
  • The search for sustainable and clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels has become one of the most important scientific and technological challenges today due to the threat of fossil fuel shortages and environmental pollution. (sharif.edu)
  • The aromatic hydrocarbon structure gives PCBs relatively high molecular stability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polychorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, are a type of chemical that was widely used in the 1960s and 1970s, and which are a contamination source of soil and water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil or water are not particularly valuable for assessing either the potential for exposure to TPH or the impacts of such exposure on public health. (cdc.gov)
  • It dictates the pace of settlement and agricultural and industrial development of any society and even in recent time, establishment of any human settlement is usually centered on available source of water supply and in modern time, issue of water has equally taken prominences in global matters [1]. (scirp.org)
  • Twelve intermediate products were detected in the water-sediment system, including the observation of the glutathione (GSH) conjugated derivative, monoglucosylated product, (OH)2-DPHP and CH3-O-DPHP for the first time in microorganism-mediated TPHP transformation. (bvsalud.org)
  • His expertise lies in understanding the pollution and risks associated with various water sources, including stormwater, greywater, and pre-treated wastewater, and effectively utilizing green technologies to manage these risks. (edu.au)
  • Although thepossibility of using the capabilities of oil-degrading microorganisms to accelerate the naturalbiodegradation of oil has been discussed for years, it is only recently that some of the practicalproblems associated with this idea have begun to be addressed. (fdocuments.in)
  • Due to high chemical stability, PCBs cannot be used as energy sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bacterium is using OPP as a carbon source and showed high potential for application in biodepuration and bioaugmentation strategies. (nature.com)
  • Modern plastics have these high strength carbon=carbon bonds because they are cooked using catalysts, high temperatures and high pressure. (earthlife.net)
  • The objectives of Phase I are (1) to construct a proof-of-principle generator for operation at 125 kV, (2) to experimentally demonstrate that a uniform, high energy ion beam can be generated, and (3) to develop the conceptual design for a Phase II laboratory prototype DNG system. (nsf.gov)
  • The use of MOF as stationary phase in high resolution GC separation of aromatic hydrocarbons has also gained significant attention 2 . (ukessays.com)
  • Today, supercapacitors have been considered suitable for energy storage due to their high-power density, appropriate energy density, long cycle life, and high safety. (sharif.edu)
  • A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. (lookformedical.com)
  • Microorganisms are well known for the production of flavor and aroma chemicals for the past 60 years. (medcraveonline.com)
  • Indeed, there is growing demands to develop sustainable routes for lignocellulosic feedstocks valorization into value-added products in energy, chemicals, mat. (researchgate.net)
  • Degradation of HCH was carried out commonly by strains of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus . (ispub.com)
  • Associate professor from the Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). (apaset.ac.cn)
  • In an oil field like this, Gunter Wegener and his colleagues found the microorganisms that now also live in their laboratory. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Obtaining different degradation products depending on the starting residue and the thermochemical degradation conditions. (cartif.es)
  • Agriculture, mining, urbanization and other human activities result in temporary land-use and once complete, used and degraded land should be rehabilitated and restored to minimize loss of soil carbon. (mdpi.com)
  • Lal, R. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. (nature.com)
  • The copy number is regulated by various factors, such as the size of the plasmid, the origin of replication, and the availability of nutrients and energy. (stemcelldaily.com)