• Recent studies have shown that carbohydrates and lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) play an essential role in mediating such interactions. (tamu.edu)
  • Carbohydrates, due to their chemical nature, can potentially form structures that are more variable than proteins and nucleic acids. (tamu.edu)
  • Simply, lectins are proteins that bind to carbohydrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • The galectins constitute a large family of carbohydrate-binding proteins that function in many systems both intracellularly and following secretion. (rndsystems.com)
  • To facilitate adhesion to surfaces, bacteria can express carbohydrate-binding proteins, known as lectins. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Targeting these proteins with multivalent glycosides can inhibit biofilm-formation by crosslinking these lectins. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Lectins are unique proteins of varying biological importance. (nih.gov)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Carbohydrates differ from proteins in two important features. (iucr.org)
  • Lectins are glycan binding proteins and each lectin will only bind to particular glycans. (bmgrp.com)
  • Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. (bvsalud.org)
  • The differences in the specificity of these three mannose-specific lectins indicate that mannose recognition is mediated by distinct receptors, with unique specificity, that are expressed by discrete subpopulations of cells, and this further highlights the complex nature of carbohydrate recognition by immune cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Besides their specificity, lectins are excellent reagents because of their lower cost and indigenous production. (nih.gov)
  • The M-cell specificity of the lectin binding was further demonstrated by localization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated lectins under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). (nih.gov)
  • Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
  • This lectin preferably binds to a [Galα(1-3)Gal] glycan epitope. (tcichemicals.com)
  • The rMOA-Biotin shows significant interaction with Cetuximab possessing [Galα(1-3)Gal] glycan epitopes by lectin-ELISA analysis. (tcichemicals.com)
  • The research group demonstrated that biotinylated glycans enable the production of glycan arrays to determine specific interactions of lectins. (biosyn.com)
  • The principle of glycan structure profiling analysis using LecChip™ is based on the lectin to glycan binding affinity. (bmgrp.com)
  • Lectin-glycan interactions are known to be relatively weak compared to antigen-antibody and biotin-avidin interactions. (bmgrp.com)
  • Fortunately, evanescent-field fluorescence excitation allows for generation of lectin-glycan affinity data from unwashed samples by taking advantage of the higher signal strength of specifically bound glycans. (bmgrp.com)
  • A handful of lectins may be considered excellent reagents for anti-A, anti-B, anti-N etc, but the anti-A and anti-M are not yet regarded as commercially suitable antisera. (nih.gov)
  • Investigation of the Binding Affinity of a Broad Array of l-Fucosides with Six Fucose-Specific Lectins of Bacterial and Fungal Origin , MOLECULES 24: (12) pp. 2262-2279. (doktori.hu)
  • Structure and ligand binding of carbohydrate-binding module CsCBM6-3 reveals similarities with fucose-specific lectins and "galactose-binding" domains. (expasy.org)
  • According to the lectin-blotting analysis, the rMOA-Biotin specifically binds to α(1-3)Gal-terminated Cetuximab but not to non-α(1-3)galactosylated glycoproteins such as human transferrin (hTF), asialo hTF, agalacto hTF and bovine RNase B. (tcichemicals.com)
  • Wzi is a lectin that binds the K30 carbohydrate polymer. (tcdb.org)
  • Binds to GalNAc and GlcNAc carbohydrate moieties (PubMed:12679857). (xenbase.org)
  • A multifunctional galactin initially discovered as a macrophage antigen that binds to IMMUNOGLOBULIN E , and as 29-35-kDa lectin that binds LAMININ . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
  • The Dectin-2 CRD exhibited only weak interactions to some of these capsular polysaccharides, indicative of different structural or affinity requirements for binding, when compared with the other two lectins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. (nature.com)
  • B cell superantigen activity through affinity for BCR carbohydrate is discussed. (harvard.edu)
  • High affinity sugar ligands of C-type lectin receptor langerin. (mpg.de)
  • This study reports the conjugation of a galactose-binding lectin (BmoLL) isolated from Bauhinia monandra leaves with quantum dots (QDs) by adsorption. (bvsalud.org)
  • We compared the lectin activity of Dectin-2 with that of two other C-type lectin receptors (mannose receptor and SIGNR1) known to bind fungal mannans. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Druggability of mammalian C-type lectin receptors. (mpg.de)
  • Knowledge of the three-dimensional structures of the carbo-hydrate molecules is indispensable for a full understanding of the molecular processes in which carbohydrates are involved, such as protein glycosylation or protein-carbohydrate interactions. (iucr.org)
  • These carbohydrates not only provide a means to identify mouse M-cells by LM but may also contribute to the occurrence of specific interactions between microorganisms and the M-cell apical membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Studies on carbohydrate-lectin interactions. (doktori.hu)
  • Protein-carbohydrate interactions are essential in numerous biological processes. (biosyn.com)
  • For the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions, Grün et al. (biosyn.com)
  • This project aims to develop new carbohydrate-functionalised polymeric surfaces which will inhibit bacterial adhesion. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, these materials will be further modified to possess sensing capabilities, such that binding of bacterial lectins to their surface will produce a visual colourimetric change. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Mutants functionally deficient in vivo show no binding to K30 polymer in vitro.Apparently, Wzi is a novel outer-membrane lectin that assists in the formation of the bacterial capsule via direct interaction with capsular polysaccharides. (tcdb.org)
  • The carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of Dectin-2 exhibited cation-dependent mannose/fucose-like lectin activity, with an IC50 for mannose of approximately 20 mM compared to an IC50 of 1.5 mM for the macrophage mannose receptor when assayed by similar methodology. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Lectins can exist in either soluble or cell-associated form, and although overall structures vary, invariably possess carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD) with various specificities. (tamu.edu)
  • These results reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism of carbohydrate recognition and provide a structural framework for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscular dystrophy. (nature.com)
  • Galectins contain either one or two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRR) which mediate recognition of N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. (rndsystems.com)
  • Carbohydrate-lectin recognition of sequence-defined heteromultivalent glycooligomers. (mpg.de)
  • Human mannose-binding protein carbohydrate recognition domain trimerizes through a triple α-helical coiled-coil. (lu.se)
  • Individual galectins differ in their tissue distribution and in their carbohydrate-binding specificities. (rndsystems.com)
  • Legume Lectins: Structures, Functions, and Carbohydrate-binding Specificities. (gr.jp)
  • May function in innate immunity through activation of the lectin complement pathway. (xenbase.org)
  • Carbohydrates perform important physiological functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Polybrene, and Glycine max lectins are frequently used for the identification of different cryptantigens. (nih.gov)
  • For structural analysis of asparagine-linked carbohydrates, sugars are released from the protein backbone by enzymes such as PNGase F ( NEB #P0704 ). (neb.com)
  • This article gives an overview of the information that can be obtained from individual PDB entries and from statistical analyses of sets of three-dimensional structures, of typical problems that arise during the analysis of carbohydrate three-dimensional structures and of the validation tools that are currently available to scientists to evaluate the quality of these structures. (iucr.org)
  • Regulations for Escherichia coli counts in shellfish-grow- carbohydrates ( 17,18 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 2013). Wzi is an outer membrane lectin that underpins group 1 capsule assembly in Escherichia coli . (tcdb.org)
  • abstract = "We examined the carbohydrate-binding potential of the C-type lectin-like receptor Dectin-2 (Clecf4n). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Endogenous lectins and glycans are critical signals in the resolution of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Lectin-carbohydrate interaction in the immune system. (tamu.edu)
  • The interaction between lectins and carbohydrates have been shown to be involved in such activities as opsonization of microorganisms, phagocytosis, cell adhesion and migration, cell activation and differentiation, and apoptosis. (tamu.edu)
  • In the present review, we provide evidence for how the interaction of dietary lectins with enterocytes and lymphocytes may facilitate the translocation of both dietary and gut-derived pathogenic antigens to peripheral tissues, which in turn causes persistent peripheral antigenic stimulation. (cambridge.org)
  • Research studies illustrate that the lectins within the serum of A. chalcodes have the ability to bind to sialic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the implications of the lectins binding to sialic acid must be investigated further. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a valuable resource for three-dimensional structural information on glycoproteins and protein-carbohydrate complexes. (iucr.org)
  • Cy3 labeled glycoproteins are applied to the LecChip™ surface which then bind to specific lectins on the chip. (bmgrp.com)
  • If a washing process is applied to the LecChip™ to remove non-lectin binding redundant glycoproteins, many of the specifically bound glycans are also lost. (bmgrp.com)
  • Carbohydrates with the chemical formulas C n (H 2 O) n or C n (H 2 O) n-1 are commonly known as sugars or saccharides. (biosyn.com)
  • The analysis of these sugars can be reached using nanoprobes composed by lectins associated with fluorescent nanoparticles. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Cy3 molecules attached to glycans that have successfully bound to lectins will fluoresce and the total LecChip™ fluorescence pattern can be captured with the scanner. (bmgrp.com)
  • This sudden bolus of dense carbohydrate overwhelms our digestive tract, promoting an inflammatory gut flora and an impaired metabolism . (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Both lectins and carbohydrates are widely distributed in the mammalian tissues as well as in microorganisms. (tamu.edu)
  • Allosteric inhibition of a mammalian lectin. (mpg.de)
  • Glycobiology is the study of the structure, function and biology of carbohydrates, also called glycans, which are widely distributed in nature. (neb.com)
  • This protein is composed of three tandem repeat domains homologous to the SUEL lectin domain. (embl.de)
  • Fragment-screening of N-acetylmannosamine kinase reveals non-carbohydrate inhibitors. (mpg.de)
  • Unfortunately, many carbohydrate moieties in the PDB contain inconsistencies or errors. (iucr.org)
  • ALEXANDRE ROMEIRO , ELVIRA M. B. SARAIVA , WANDERLEY DE SOUZA , and MÁRCIA ATTIAS " Leptomonas wallacei Shows Distinct Morphology and Surface Carbohydrates Composition Along the Intestinal Tract of Its Host Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and in Axenic Culture," The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50(6), 409-416, (1 November 2003). (bioone.org)
  • We investigated the binding of four lectins to the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) overlying fixed mouse small intestinal Peyer's patches to identify M-cell-specific surface markers. (nih.gov)
  • This is the first demonstration of carbohydrates in the glycocalyx of M-cells that are not expressed elsewhere on the FAE surface. (nih.gov)
  • Cy3 can be used to visualize the binding pattern of Iris hybrid Lectin (IRA) in cellular imaging and flow cytometry. (biovalley.fr)
  • How this differs from a cellular carbohydrate is primarily its digestibility and the rate by which our bodies absorb its carbohydrate load. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Whereas with a cellular carbohydrate, as found in fruits and tubers, we must break down the cellular walls to access the glucose, with an acellular carbohydrate that work has already been done. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • 2016). Key diffusion mechanisms involved in regulating bidirectional water permeation across E. coli outer membrane lectin. (tcdb.org)
  • Anti-idiotypic antibody mimicking a T-antigen-specific lectin inhibits human epithelial tumor cell proliferation. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Another point: You need at least 100 g carbohydrate each day to feed the bacteria that would otherwise eat the mucous layer lining your gut. (pearltrees.com)
  • Lectin microarrays using LecChip™ allows the highly sensitive analysis of carbohydrates in various sample types (purified and crude samples, e.g. cell/tissue extracts, living cells, virus particles, cell culture supernatants, serum, urine). (bmgrp.com)
  • The rMOA is a carbohydrate-binding protein (Lectin) derived from Marasmius oreades . (tcichemicals.com)
  • Could the US government's advice to eat a low-fat diet have caused the obesity epidemic by causing a dietary shift toward carbohydrate? (blogspot.com)
  • By eliminating dietary elements, particularly lectins, which adversely influence both enterocyte and lymphocyte structure and function, it is proposed that the peripheral antigenic stimulus (both pathogenic and dietary) will be reduced and thereby result in a diminution of disease symptoms in certain patients with RA. (cambridge.org)
  • In an article published September 2018 edition of the Nature Partner Journal Parkinson's Disease , researchers recreated the disease in rats using low amounts of paraquat and the food protein lectin. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • We tested the hypothesis that gastric co-administration of subthreshold doses of lectins and paraquat can recreate the pathology and behavioral manifestations of PD in rats. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • It was the combination of lectin and paraquat that led to the creation of the disease in rats. (ecochildsplay.com)
  • There are countless examples of traditionally-living cultures that remain quite lean throughout life eating diets that are primarily carbohydrate, although there are also a few examples of cultures eating higher-fat diets that are also lean. (blogspot.com)
  • By contrast, Cy3-tagged glycans that interact with the lectins located on the LecChip™ are contained in the stronger part of the evanescent field and are effectively excited. (bmgrp.com)
  • Animal studies in a variety of species generally suggest that fat is the most fattening macronutrient, carbohydrate is in the middle, and protein is the least fattening. (blogspot.com)
  • The emergence of functional studies on animal lectins during the 1990s has provided the appropriate framework to better understand their roles in cell death. (nature.com)
  • Typically, on a low-carbohydrate diet, the proportion of fat and protein increase, although in an absolute sense the increase may not be large because total calorie intake declines. (blogspot.com)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)