• w/v) hog gastric mucin (HGM) (Sigma-Aldrich), had been used to improve the development of mucolytic bacterias before inoculation on solid mass media. (woofahs.com)
  • Alterations to the cytoplasmic tail may affect movement through the Golgi apparatus, thus affecting glycosylation of the tandem repeat domains of MUC-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • The C-terminus of MUC-1 (MUC-1 C) is short-the majority of weight comes from N-glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation in MUC-1 contribute to the formation of mucin. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC-1 also exhibits altered glycosylation and aberrant surface distribution patterns in tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this thesis we have produced proteins that are densely decorated with carbohydrate determinants in order to study the glycosylation capacity of cell lines (paper I) and generate efficient binders of antibodies (paper II), bacterial toxins (paper III) and virus receptors such as the influenza hemagglutinin (paper IV). (avhandlingar.se)
  • The mucin - type protein was used as a probe to analyze the O - glycosylation capacity of the se cell lines, which today are used for the commercial production of recombinant proteins and vaccine co mponents. (avhandlingar.se)
  • The glycosylation of PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b may be tailored by producing the protein in genetically engineered cell lines. (avhandlingar.se)
  • Rational glycan design is achieved by transfecting cells with plasmids encoding PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b together with specific glycosyltransferases that expand the glycosylation capacity of the cells. (avhandlingar.se)
  • The enzyme encoded by this gene controls the initiation step of mucin-type O-linked protein glycosylation and transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine to serine and threonine amino acid residues. (nih.gov)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, a recent study using NOD mice suggested that the development of type 1 diabetes can be prevented through modulation of the intestinal microbiota [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • suggested that the interaction between the intestinal environment, the barrier function and the immune system are crucial in the onset of type 1 diabetes [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Degradation of human intestinal glycosphingolipids by extracellular glycosidases from mucin-degrading bacteria of the human fecal flora. (kegg.jp)
  • Structural and immunochemical identification of Le(a), Le(b), H type 1, and related glycolipids in small intestinal mucosa of a group O Le(a-b-) nonsecretor. (kegg.jp)
  • A novel anaerobic, mesophilic, amino-acid-fermenting bacterium, specified strain CL-84T, was isolated from your swine intestinal tract on mucin-based press. (woofahs.com)
  • Towards this aim, surface thermodynamics of porcine intestinal mucin are studied in this work by the aid of inverse gas chromatography (IGC), at infinite dilution and a temperature range (33-60 °C) well below the glass transition. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Mucin-1 (MUC-1) is a heterodimer transmembrane protein of the mucin family encoded in humans by the MUC1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC-1 protein is estimated to weigh 120 to 225 kDA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The extracellular sperm protein-enterokinase-agarin (SEA) domain of MUC-1 contributes to a variety of functions including: inhibition of immune response, resistance to stimuli, and regulation of cell shedding. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC-1 in cancer is underglycosylated, causing interactions to form between MUC-1 core protein, transmembrane receptors, and extracellular components. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbohydrate - protein inte ractions in nature are often mediated via multivalent binding where the combined strength of multiple receptor - ligand interactions results in a binding that is highly specific and strong. (avhandlingar.se)
  • P - selectin glycoprotein ligand - 1 (PSGL - 1) is a mucin - type protein that is heavily substituted with O - glycans. (avhandlingar.se)
  • PSGL - 1 genetically fused to mouse IgG 2b Fc forms a dimeric PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b mucin - type fusion protein. (avhandlingar.se)
  • For structural analysis of asparagine-linked carbohydrates, sugars are released from the protein backbone by enzymes such as PNGase F ( NEB #P0704 ). (neb.com)
  • PSGL-1 has been shown to be a transmembrane protein which forms homodimers via disulfide bridges of two 120 kDa chains. (biovendor.com)
  • The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight. (lookformedical.com)
  • Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface. (lookformedical.com)
  • any of a group of complex proteins , as mucin, containing a carbohydrate combined with a simple protein . (dictionary.com)
  • 1] This protein, also known as polymorphic epithelial mucin or epithelial membrane antigen, has a large extracellular region, a transmembrane sequence, and a cytosolic domain. (medscape.com)
  • 1, 7] The MUC1 protein and its overexpression may be causally related to cancer invasion and metastasis. (medscape.com)
  • As tumor cells shed the MUC1 protein into the bloodstream, CA 27-29 is recognized by a single monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a 20 amino-acid sequence in the mucin core. (medscape.com)
  • Note 1:** Carbohydrate Antigen 125 (CA-125), also known as cancer antigen 125, mucin 16, or MUC16, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MUC16 gene. (cancer.gov)
  • The three remaining structural proteins are membrane-associated: GP 1,2 (spike glycoprotein) is a type 1 transmembrane and class I fusion protein, whereas the two non-glycosylated proteins VP40 and VP24 (primary and secondary matrix proteins) are associated with the inner side of the virion membrane. (ictv.global)
  • We recently reported that raised activity of the glycosylating enzyme core 2 β 1,6- N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GlcNAc-T) through protein kinase C (PKC)β2-dependent phosphorylation plays a fundamental role in increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and capillary occlusion in retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • ARAP2 associates with adaptor protein with PH domain, PTB domain and leucine zipper motifs 1 (APPL1) in endosomes (Chen et al. (bio2009.org)
  • The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of carbohydrate antigen 549 (CA 549) levels in pleural fluid, and to compare it with another previously studied tumor markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA 15.3 and CA 72.4. (nih.gov)
  • Cancer antigen 27-29 (or CA 27-29) is an epitope of a large transmembrane mucin glycoprotein named MUC1 that is expressed on the cell surfaces of most glandular epithelia. (medscape.com)
  • This lectin has a high affinity for tumor-associated T-antigen disaccharide (Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha) and many O-linked glycopeptide structures. (biotrend.com)
  • The structure of Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha occurs on the surface of tumor cells as a mucin-associated antigenic marker, termed as T-antigen. (biotrend.com)
  • CA242 is a sialylated carbohydrate antigen that can be recognized by CA242 monoclonal antibody.It is a mucin-type glycoprotein that is low in the serum of healthy people and patients with benign diseases. (xhfhj.com)
  • Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)
  • The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates . (lookformedical.com)
  • Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates , however they are not considered lectins . (lookformedical.com)
  • PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Any of a group of cellular macromolecules that are made up of proteins bonded to one or more carbohydrate chains. (dictionary.com)
  • The sizes and functions of the proteins are shown in Table 1. (ictv.global)
  • The GP 1,2 proteins of marburgviruses and ebolaviruses are acylated at their C-termini and form homotrimers. (ictv.global)
  • Malabsorption of bile acids, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins results in direct damage to the lining of the luminal surface by bacteria or by transformation of nutrients into toxic metabolites, leading to many of the symptoms of diarrhea and weight loss associated with bacterial overgrowth syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • Glycobiology is the study of the structure, function and biology of carbohydrates, also called glycans, which are widely distributed in nature. (neb.com)
  • 1). A common post-translational modification essential for cell viability is the attachment of glycans, as shown in Figure 1. (neb.com)
  • The extracellular domain of MUC-1 is composed of 20 identical amino acid tandem repeats (TR). (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC-1 is an inhibitor for cell-to-cell extracellular interactions for both normal and malignant cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbohydrates are ubiquitous on the surface of all cells in mammals where they are involved in interactions with the surroundings (extracellular matrix), other cells (including self and non - self) and microbes (bacteria and virus). (avhandlingar.se)
  • CA 27-29 represents a sequence of mucins on the extracellular region of this glycoprotein. (medscape.com)
  • Mucin-degrading bacteria had been isolated on solid basal moderate supplemented with 1? (woofahs.com)
  • Prevalence of bacteria in different parts of GI tract depends on several factors such as peristalsis, pH, redox potential, bacterial adhesion, bacterial cooperation and antagonism, mucin secretion, diet, and nutrient availability. (medscape.com)
  • The bowel mucosal integrity and mucin layer protect the gut from bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • Plaque is, at first, a soft, thin film of bacteria, mucin, dead epithelial cells, and food debris that develops on the tooth surface within about 24 hours after the tooth is cleaned. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Frequent dietary exposure to carbohydrates and sugars promotes the growth of plaque-forming bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Influence of the application of enemas with oily extract of curcumin ( Curcuma longa ) on the tissue content of neutral and acidic mucins in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream ☆ ☆ Study conducted at Universidade São Francisco (USF), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil. (scielo.br)
  • To verify if the application of enemas containing oily extracts of curcumin preserves the tissue content of mucins in the glands of the colonic mucosa without fecal stream. (scielo.br)
  • Tissue quantification of neutral and acid mucins in the mucosa of the colon with and without fecal stream in rats. (scielo.br)
  • reepithelialized mucosa: rat gastric mucosa after exposure to 70% (vol/vol) ethanol for 45 s and rapid wash with 0.9% (wt/vol) sodium chloride followed by 0.9% (wt/vol) sodium chloride for 1 h. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Mucosa was formalin fixed, embedded in paraffin wax, and sections were stained with periodic acid‐Schiff stain for mucin. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • Generally, 1% of PG can enter the blood circulation through the gastric mucosa, which can be divided into two subtypes: PGI and PGIISerum pepsinogen can accurately show the state and function of. (xhfhj.com)
  • Stress CL-84T was among eight strains isolated through the characterization of mucosa-associated and mucin-degrading micro-organisms in the swine digestive tract. (woofahs.com)
  • Tumor related MUC-1 disrupts and inhibits cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and adherence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Membrane bound mucins MUC1 and MUC3 appear to be associated with the development of gastric carcinoma. (bmj.com)
  • Aberrant (upregulated) expression of the MUC1 mucin has been seen in breast carcinomas and other neoplasms, such as colon and pancreatic cancers. (bmj.com)
  • 1, 2 Most studies of MUC1 expression in breast carcinomas have shown that increased membrane MUC1 mucin expression on the apical cell surface is associated with a better prognosis (reviewed in Rahn and colleagues 2 ), whereas circumferential staining in tumour cell cytoplasm is associated with a worse prognosis. (bmj.com)
  • 7, 8] In fact, the carbohydrate epitopes on MUC1 in breast cancer cells may be antigenically different than those in normal breast. (medscape.com)
  • Synthesis of type 1 and 2 lacto series glycolipid antigens in human colonic adenocarcinoma and derived cell lines is due to activation of a normally unexpressed beta 1----3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. (kegg.jp)
  • Viral particles bind specifically to digestive ducts (midgut, main and secondary ducts, and tubules) by carbohydrate structures with a terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an α linkage (same binding site used for recognition of human histo-blood group antigens). (cdc.gov)
  • 1, 2 This review approaches the role of mucin degrading enzymes from the potential interaction of micro-organisms with the cervical mucus barrier, and discusses the contribution that mucin degrading enzymes may make to microbial colonisation of the reproductive tract. (bmj.com)
  • This loss of polarity creates incomplete carbohydrate side chains, allowing the formation of new abnormal side chains, thus increasing tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In paper II, genetically engineered Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were used to produce PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b carrying blood group A and B determinants on type 1, 2 and 3 outer core saccharide chains. (avhandlingar.se)
  • MUC-1 is a transcriptional coactivator involved in the activity and stabilization of enzymes and transcription of metabolic functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mucinases are enzymes capable of degrading mucins (the complex high molecular weight molecules that are the major non-aqueous components of mucous gels). (bmj.com)
  • Partial or complete degradation of mucin molecules by microbial enzymes is often a fundamental step in disruption of defensive mucosal barriers, as these constitute direct interfaces between internal and external environments. (bmj.com)
  • The possible contribution of mucin degrading enzymes to the pathogenesis of infection is, therefore, not to be underestimated. (bmj.com)
  • However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition. (lookformedical.com)
  • Neutral and acidic mucins were identified by Periodic-acid Schiff and Alcian-Blue techniques, respectively. (scielo.br)
  • The content of acidic mucins increased in animals treated with 200 mg/kg/day regardless of the intervention time, whereas in those treated with 50 mg/kg/day an increase was observed only after four weeks. (scielo.br)
  • Enemas with curcumin preserve the content of neutral and acidic mucins in the colonic epithelium without fecal stream. (scielo.br)
  • Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a family of acidic carbohydrates with a nine-carbon backbone, which include different related structures, such as sialic acids. (tudelft.nl)
  • The multivalent mucins could adsorb chain type - sp ecific anti - A antibodies, which indicate a prospective use of the mucins in immunoadsorption (IA) columns. (avhandlingar.se)
  • 1] This is in contrast to the CA 15-3 assay, which utilizes two monoclonal antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • 44 These results encourage medical screening of afatinib in the establishing of heterogenous HNSCC.45 Anti-EGFR antibodies Cetuximab Cx remains to 10058-F4 date the only targeted drug approved for the treatment of LA and R/M HNSCC (Table 1). (siamtech.net)
  • A recent study using a rat model found significant differences at the time of diabetes onset in the bacterial communities responsible for type 1 diabetes modulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial colony counts in the ileum usually are less than 1 X 10 8 organisms/mL. (medscape.com)
  • However, 1 X 10 11 organisms/mL of aspirate fluid is diagnostic for bacterial overgrowth syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • We hypothesized that type 1 diabetes in humans could also be linked to a specific gut microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since noroviruses can attach to carbohydrates of the ABH and Lewis histo-blood group family in humans, we also examined the possibility of a similar specific binding to oyster tissues through related carbohydrates ( 17 , 18 ). (cdc.gov)
  • namely, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12, MUC13, and the recently described mucin MUC17, which share a C-terminal structural domain that consists of two or three epithelial growth factor (EGF)-like regions, a transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic tail. (bmj.com)
  • Due to a common structural element, the amino-terminal lectin-like domain, the selectins are able to bind to carbohydrate ligands. (biovendor.com)
  • Structural basis of carbohydrate transfer activity of UDP-GalNAc: Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7. (nih.gov)
  • The larger subunit of MUC-1 is characterized by numerous O-glycosylated bonds and a terminal sialic acid, creating a net negative charge on MUC-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ebola virus (EBOV) GP 1,2 is sialylated to higher levels than Marburg virus (MARV) GP 1,2 , and in certain cell lines the GP 1,2 of MARV completely lacks sialic acid. (ictv.global)
  • Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon negatively charged carbohydrates. (tudelft.nl)
  • The intercellular interaction between MUC-1 and the receptor ICAM-1 facilitates endothelial and epithelial cell interactions, allowing circulating cancer cells to adhere in the inner lining of blood vessels and thus migrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The affinity of several molecular probes, both apolar and polar of different functionalities, onto the mucin surface is evaluated in terms of dispersive and specific interactions calculated by processing the chromatographic retention profiles. (hud.ac.uk)
  • The potential of polar probes to deploy specific interactions with mucin surface is interpreted on the basis of the homomorph concept. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Mucoadhesion: mucin-polymer molecular interactions. (lu.se)
  • 2 2 Gaudier E, Hoebler C. Physiological role of mucins in the colonic barrier integrity. (scielo.br)
  • In a healthy symbi- posed of about as many microorgan- after the pioneering work of Gordon otic state, the colonic microbiota isms as there are cel s in the human and collaborators [1]. (who.int)
  • The mucin-like glycoprotein PSGL-1 (P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1) has been cloned and sequenced. (biovendor.com)
  • Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a substantial subclass of pancreatic pathology, representing 20-50% of cystic pancreatic neoplasms [ 1 - 3 ]. (gastrores.org)
  • In normal cells, the tandem repeats and cytoplasmic tail of MUC-1 are significant in the regulation and progression of metastatic cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given, MUC-1 is 10 times higher in cancer cells than normal cells, an over expression of MUC-1 in cancer can be indicative of aggressive, metastatic cancer, having a low response to therapy and survival rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC-1 in cancerous epithelial cells exhibits a loss of polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In normal cells, MUC-1 is isolated to the apical surface of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In cancer cells, over expression of MUC-1 is seen throughout the cell's nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • PSGL-1 is expressed on cells of myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic lineage. (biovendor.com)
  • Presently it is not known which cells, apart from leukocytes, express PSGL-1 and what role PSGL-1 plays on these cells. (biovendor.com)
  • The metastic potential of the majority of cells which bind to Pselectin is however in close correlation with the functional expression of PSGL-1 on these cells. (biovendor.com)
  • It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
  • Unfortunately, patients are already in the terminal stage at this time, and the cancer cells have already invaded the surrounding organs or metastasized far away, which leads to the loss of the curative chance for most patients ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Mucin glycoprotein expression in IMPN epithelial cells within the cyst lining is routinely used to help characterize these IPMN subtypes by immunohistochemistry [ 12 ]. (gastrores.org)
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • When mesothelioma and hematological malignancy were ruled-out, the combination of CA 549+CEA+CA 15.3, improved the results up to a sensitivity of 0.77, specificity of 1 and accuracy of 0.92. (nih.gov)
  • The carbohydrate specificity of either type of subunit appears to be the same, preferring α-linked N-acetylgalactosamine structures. (biotrend.com)
  • After 3 times development at 39 C on BHIAH moderate, strain CL-84T reached a terminal OD620 of 1 1.2, representing 1.5109 c.f.u. ml?1. (woofahs.com)
  • In addition to the membranous isoform, an alternatively spliced mucin-1 is secreted extracellularly. (wikipedia.org)
  • This soluble isoform of PSGL-1 is still capable of binding to P-selectin, thus representing a competitor for cellular PSGL-1 through which regulation in many physiological and pathological processes can take place. (biovendor.com)
  • The peptide backbone exhibits glycosidic bonds between serine and threonine within MUC-1 N. Within the cytoplasmic tail of MUC-1, multiple phosphorylation sites exist due to the presence of threonine, tyrosine and serine amino acid residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC-1 is located in the apical membrane on simple epithelial cell surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • MUC-1 provides protection to the apical membrane to prevent rupture, as well as environmental and immune attack. (wikipedia.org)
  • There was an increase in the tissue content of neutral mucins in animals treated with curcumin at a concentration of 50 mg/kg/day for four weeks, whereas in the group treated with 200 mg/kg/day there was an increase independent of the time of intervention. (scielo.br)
  • 1.PepsinogenPepsinogen (PG) is the precursor of pepsin secreted by the stomach and involved in digestion. (xhfhj.com)
  • However, there was no correlation between CEA level and cystic mucinous secretions or mucinous epithelial cytoplasm CEA staining, mucin glycoprotein expression, size of lesion, grade of dysplasia or presence of invasive carcinoma. (gastrores.org)
  • Alterations to these areas have shown a propensity of metastasis and progression in comparison to unaltered MUC-1 domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, mucins have the unique function of protecting and lubricating epithelial surfaces, but in recent years they have also been implicated in additional diverse roles, such as growth, fetal development, epithelial renewal and differentiation, epithelial integrity, carcinogenesis, and metastasis. (bmj.com)
  • Our aim was to quantify and evaluate the difference in the composition of gut microbiota between children with type 1 diabetes and healthy children and to determine the possible relationship of the gut microbiota of children with type 1 diabetes with the glycemic level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A case-control study was carried out with 16 children with type 1 diabetes and 16 healthy children. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is the first study showing that type 1 diabetes is associated with compositional changes in gut microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings could be useful for developing strategies to control the development of type 1 diabetes by modifying the gut microbiota. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Type 1 diabetes is a worldwide problem, mainly in children, and it is associated with a significant burden, mostly related to the development of vascular complications [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gluten seems a potentially important determinant in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). (mdpi.com)
  • Recent metagenomic surveys focused on genetically similar, but socioeconomically distinct populations in three European countries identifying microbiome compositions in early life with clear implications for long term health and development regarding the development of autoimmune diseases including Type 1 Diabetes 19 . (nature.com)
  • Epithelial mucins can be classified into two distinct families: secretory (gel forming) and membrane bound. (bmj.com)
  • The majority of malignant tumours arise from epithelial tissue and metastasise to the lungs or other organs [1]. (scienceexhibitions.org)