Capsular vaccines contain polysaccharides conjugated with protein vaccines conjugate. Medical search. Frequent questions

The new generation of whole-cell vaccines is based on an unencapsulated serotype that allows the expression of many bacterial antigens at a lower cost than a recombinant vaccine. (mdpi.com)
Menactra®, Meningococcal (Groups A, C, Y and W-135) Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine, is a sterile, intramuscularly administered vaccine that contains Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, C, Y and W-135 capsular polysaccharide antigens individually conjugated to diphtheria toxoid protein. (mesvaccins.net)
Current pneumococcal vaccines use the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides as antigens to generate serotype-specific antibodies, which facilitate serotype-specific clearance of pneumococci through opsonophagocytosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. (univ-nantes.fr)

It contains purified capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal serotypes conjugated to a carrier protein to improve antibody response compared to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Prevnar (PCV7) is a heptavalent vaccine, meaning that it contains the cell capsule sugars of seven serotypes of the bacteria S. pneumoniae (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) conjugated with diphtheria proteins. (wikipedia.org)
and for the prevention of otitis media (ear infection) caused by 7 of the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae contained in the vaccine for children 6 weeks through 5 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
VAXNEUVANCE is indicated in the U.S. for active immunization of adults 18 years of age and older for the prevention of invasive disease caused by the S. pneumoniae serotypes contained in the vaccine. (merck.com)
Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted for priority review a Biologics License Application (BLA) for its 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (20vPnC) candidate, as submitted for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in the vaccine in adults ages 18 years and older. (pfizer.com)
If approved, 20vPnC will cover more serotypes responsible for the majority of pneumococcal disease than any other pneumococcal conjugate vaccine currently licensed or currently in late-stage clinical development. (pfizer.com)
It is contained in the vaccine under the market name Prevnar that contains the saccharides for serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F for intramuscular injection. (creativebiomart.net)
Pneumococci are classified into serotypes depending on their capsular polysaccharide, which is a main virulence factor for pneumococcus ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
During 2018-2019, approximately 60%-75% of all IPD in adults was caused by the 24 pneumococcal serotypes that were included in the formulations of commercially available polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV) or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) vaccines (i.e. (cdc.gov)
In particular, the recommendations provide guidance on the design of immunogenicity studies that should be performed in order to support the licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (including those containing conjugated capsular polysaccharides of serotypes additional to or different from those in already licensed vaccines). (who.int)
The purified capsular polysaccharides (PCPs) from the most common pneumococcal serotypes that cause disease have been formulated into polyvalent vaccines, and children immunized with the vaccines develop specific antibodies against some of the serotypes (3, 7, 10, 11, 22-24, 33). (docksci.com)
It is suspected that the high frequency of disease caused by these serotypes is, therefore, related to the poor immunogenicities of these capsular polysaccharides. (docksci.com)
polysaccharide of the 23 most prevalent serotypes. (ncccam.com)

These components are the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide [polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)] that is covalently bound to an outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from recombinant yeast cultures. (theodora.com)
Potency of Menactra vaccine is determined by quantifying the amount of each polysaccharide antigen that is conjugated to diphtheria toxoid protein and the amount of unconjugated polysaccharide present. (mesvaccins.net)
Conjugate vaccine technology, where a polysaccharide antigen is coupled chemically to a protein carrier, either by direct linkage or by indirect coupling via diamino spacer molecules, can render the PS specific immune response T cell dependent. (bmj.com)

Ltd., es un líquido homogéneo que contiene los toxoides purificados de difteria polysaccharide chemically conjugated to a protein (Tetanus Toxoid). (who.int)
The saccharides in the vaccine are prepared from purified polysaccharides that are chemically activated then conjugated to the protein carrier CRM197 to form the glycoconjugate. (creativebiomart.net)
It is created with a Hib capsular polysaccharide that is chemically bound (conjugated) to a meningococcal protein. (immunizationinfo.com)

KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended the approval of VAXNEUVANCE™ (Pneumococcal 15-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals 18 years of age and older. (merck.com)
This report compiles and summarizes all published recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged ≥19 years in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Since 2006, WHO has recommended that all countries incorporate pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in routine immunization schedules for children aged less than two years with priority being given to their introduction in countries with high child mortality rates and/or high rates of HIV infection. (who.int)
Union Health Minister expands Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Under Universal Immunization Program. (chemrobotics.in)
Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Dr Mansukh Mandaviya launched the nationwide expansion of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) as a part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav. (chemrobotics.in)
Most notably routine immunization of infants with conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type B led to a fast and dramatic drop in respective disease incidents after implementation. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we investigated the human antibody repertoire, avidity maturation, epitope specificity, and function after immunization with a single dose of Vi-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-TT) and after a booster with plain Vi PS (Vi-PS). (ox.ac.uk)
This report updates the last recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) concerning pneumococcal polysaccharide vac- cine (MMWR 1989;38:64-8, 73-6). (cdc.gov)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is a pneumococcal vaccine and a conjugate vaccine used to protect infants, young children, and adults against disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). (wikipedia.org)
Prevnar (PCV7) was produced from the seven most prevalent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria in the U.S. The bacterial capsule sugars, a characteristic of these pathogens, are linked (conjugated) to CRM197, a nontoxic recombinant variant of diphtheria toxin (from cultures of Corynebacterium diphtheriae). (wikipedia.org)
Conjugation of the capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae to protein carriers has introduced a generation of pneumococcal vaccines which may be efficacious in preventing pneumococcal otitis media during infancy. (docksci.com)

Liquid PedvaxHIB® is a Haemophilus B Conjugate Vaccine. (immunizationinfo.com)
PedvaxHIB is a Haemophilus B Conjugate Vaccine (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate). (immunizationinfo.com)

Vaccine-mediated immunity is "conferred mainly by opsonophagocytic killing of S. pneumoniae. (wikipedia.org)
Based on their thick layer of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), S. pneumoniae have been classified into about 97 different specific types according to the Danish classification system [ 2 , 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
It has long been recognised that serum antibodies to capsular PS of some bacteria including H influenzae type b, S pneumoniae , and N meningitidis are protective against invasive disease. (bmj.com)
Conjugation of the capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae to protein carriers has introduced a second generation of pneumococcal vaccines (30). (docksci.com)
pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (CP14) linked to the Pneumococcal surface protein A (PsaA) using chitosan NPs (CNPs). (univ-nantes.fr)

Enzyme immunoassay for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibodies against type 6B pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and cell wall C polysaccharide in chinchilla serum. (docksci.com)
The chinchilla model has been used extensively for studying the pathogenesis of pneumococcal otitis media and for testing the efficacy of early pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) vaccines, but immunologic studies in the chinchilla have been limited by the lack of antibodies against specific immunoglobulin isotypes. (docksci.com)
By using affinity-purified rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-chinchilla IgG, IgM, and IgA, we developed a sensitive enzyme immunoassay that is highly specific for IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies against type 6B PCP (anti-6B) and against C polysaccharide in chinchilla serum. (docksci.com)
Antibodies elicited by these vaccines are important for mediating protection against typhoid fever. (ox.ac.uk)
We identified antibodies induced by prime and boost vaccines that recognized subdominant epitopes, indicated by binding to the de-O-acetylated Vi backbone. (ox.ac.uk)

The development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, in which each of the selected bacterial capsular polysaccharides is coupled to a protein carrier molecule, has been a major advance in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease. (who.int)
Based on the success of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines, chemical conjugation has been applied to the development of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. (bmj.com)

Prior to the introduction of the vaccine, it was estimated that 17% of all cases of Hib disease occurred in infants less than 6 months of age. (theodora.com)
When this vaccine is given to the patient, it acts against the polysaccharide in the infants and weakens it to prevent Hemophilius Influenzae. (justaaa.com)
Since the conjugated polyribosyl ribitol phosphate-OMPC vaccine elicits a protective antibody response in infants as young as 2 months of age (31), it is reasonable to expect that the PCP-OMPC conjugates will have equally good immunogenicities. (docksci.com)

The PRP-OMPC conjugate is prepared by the chemical coupling of the highly purified PRP (polyribosylribitol phosphate) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Haemophilus b, Ross strain) to an OMPC of the B11 strain of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. The coupling of the PRP to the OMPC is necessary for enhanced immunogenicity of the PRP. (theodora.com)
Each 0.5-mlL does of Liqiuid PedvaxHIB is formulated to contain 7.5 mcg of Haemophilus B PRP, 125 mcg of Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex (OMPC), and 225 mcg of aluminum as amorphous aluminum phosphate sulfate, in 0.9% sodium chloride. (immunizationinfo.com)
Type 6B PCP has been conjugated with Neisseria meningitidis group B outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) by a methodology similar to that used in conjugating the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b to OMPC (25). (docksci.com)

Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b Conjugate Vaccine Adsorbed as supplied by Serum the parent's history with respect to possible sensitivity and any previous adverse reactions to the vaccine or similar vaccines. (who.int)
Prior to the introduction of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccines, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis and a leading cause of serious, systemic bacterial disease in young children worldwide. (theodora.com)
The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines during the 1990s was followed by dramatic decreases both in the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b related invasive disease and in nasopharyngeal carriage of the organism. (bmj.com)
The extent of this effect has been influenced by the fact that Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and induce herd immunity. (bmj.com)
2. The vaccine to Haemophilus influenzae type b is called a conjugate vaccine. (justaaa.com)
It is composed of the tetanus toxoid protein conjugated to the capsular polysaccharide of the H. influenzae type b bacteria. (justaaa.com)

The four meningococcal components, present as individual serogroup-specific glycoconjugates, compose the final formulated vaccine. (mesvaccins.net)
Each 0.5 mL dose of vaccine is formulated in sodium phosphate buffered isotonic sodium chloride solution to contain 4 mcg each of meningococcal A, C, Y and W-135 polysaccharides conjugated to approximately 48 mcg of diphtheria toxoid protein carrier. (mesvaccins.net)
BACKGROUND: The incidence of invasive meningococcal disease due to serogroup C (MenC) decreased in Portugal since the introduction of the conjugate vaccine (MCC) in the free market in 2001 and in the National Immunisation Plan in 2006. (bvsalud.org)

Although Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) are available and have significantly reduced the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases, there is still a need for new vaccines with unlimited serotype coverage, long-lasting protection, and lower cost to be developed. (mdpi.com)
19A, a serotype not within the earlier vaccine, was noticed. (ncccam.com)
of this, serotype 19A is included within the present 13 serotype vaccine. (ncccam.com)

Through reductive amination, the sugars are directly conjugated to the protein carrier CRM197 to form the glycoconjugate. (wikipedia.org)
Several protein carriers have been used including tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid, mutant diphtheria toxin (CRM197), and the outer membrane protein of N meningitidis . (bmj.com)

Antibody titers increased in serum from five chinchillas immunized with a type 6B outer membrane protein complex vaccine. (docksci.com)
Increases of anti-6B IgG and IgM antibody titers were more strildng than increases of anti-6B IgA or anti-C polysaccharide IgG, IgM, or IgA titers were. (docksci.com)
Salmonella Typhi Vi capsule prime-boost vaccination induces convergent and functional antibody responses. (ox.ac.uk)
Defining strategies on how to broaden epitope targeting for S. Typhi Vi and enriching for antibody Fc functions that protect against typhoid fever will advance the design of high-efficacy Vi vaccines for protection across diverse populations. (ox.ac.uk)

Special care should be taken to ensure that the polisacáridos capsulares, altamente purificados, no-infecciosos de Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib), químicamente conjugados a using recombinant DNA procedures. (who.int)
A portion of the hepatitis B virus gene, coding for HBsAg, is cloned into yeast, and the vaccine for hepatitis B is produced from cultures of this recombinant yeast strain according to methods developed in the Merck Research Laboratories. (theodora.com)
In vivo enzymatic coupling using the general glycosylation pathway of Campylobacter jejuni in recombinant Escherichia coli has been suggested as a simpler method for producing conjugate vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycoconjugate synthesis, in particular expression of oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, strongly inhibited growth of E. coli cells after induction, making it necessary to separate biomass growth and recombinant protein expression phases. (biomedcentral.com)
The presented data demonstrate that glycosylated proteins can be produced in recombinant E. coli at a larger scale. (biomedcentral.com)

Evidence has begun to accumulate that these new polysaccharide based conjugate vaccines can also reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and can induce immune responses at the local mucosal level, which may be responsible for these effects. (bmj.com)
Recent studies show that parenterally administered capsular polysaccharide (PS) based vaccines can induce mucosal immune responses. (bmj.com)
To be effective against colonisation, vaccines must induce local immune responses, which promote elimination of the pathogen, break the chain of transmission, and induce herd immunity. (bmj.com)
In contrast to isolated bacterial polysaccharides, conjugate vaccines induce a long-lasting T-lymphocyte dependent immunological memory [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
GBPS conjugated failed to induce SBA. (cdc.gov)

The diphtheria toxoid protein is purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and diafiltration. (mesvaccins.net)

Vaccine development to prevent Salmonella Typhi infections has accelerated over the past decade, resulting in licensure of new vaccines, which use the Vi polysaccharide (Vi PS) of the bacterium conjugated to an unrelated carrier protein as the active component. (ox.ac.uk)

The type 6B-OMPC vaccine (lot 1193), provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories (West Point, Pa. (docksci.com)

Vaccination with VAXNEUVANCE may not protect all vaccine recipients. (merck.com)
The vision of "Sabko vaccine, muft vaccine" by the Prime Minister guiding The Covid-19 vaccination programme has ensured that the eligible population gets access to the Covid-19 vaccines across the country. (chemrobotics.in)
The processes are time-consuming and costly, and often large-scale cultivation of pathogenic bacteria is required for polysaccharide biosynthesis, making conjugate vaccines prohibitively expensive for vaccination campaigns in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)

Pneumosil is a decavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine produced by the Serum Institute of India. (wikipedia.org)
Further, aluminum is also added to the vaccine serum because it is an adjuvant, meaning it further enhances the immune response. (wikipedia.org)
B y la Haemophilus influenzae tipo b, en la forma suministrada por el Serum Institute of India Pvt. (who.int)

The aim of this study is to determine the number of serogroup C IMD cases diagnosed since then and the vaccine failures. (bvsalud.org)

It was found that efficiency of glycosylation but not carrier protein expression was highly susceptible to the physiological state at induction. (biomedcentral.com)
After induction glycoconjugates generally appeared later than unglycosylated carrier protein, suggesting that glycosylation was the rate-limiting step for synthesis of conjugate vaccines in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
a: oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, b: carrier protein with signal sequence for secretion to the periplasm, c: undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked polysaccharides. (biomedcentral.com)

There are a number of polysaccharide vaccine formulations. (ncccam.com)

In 2021, two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), a 15-valent and a 20-valent PCV (PCV15 and PCV20), were licensed for use in U.S. adults aged ≥18 years by the Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)

Each 0.5 mL dose of COMVAX is formulated to contain 7.5 mcg PRP conjugated to approximately 125 mcg OMPC, 5 mcg HBsAg, approximately 225 mcg aluminum as amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate, and 35 mcg sodium borate (decahydrate) as a pH stabilizer, in 0.9% sodium chloride. (theodora.com)

Several new mucosal vaccines against respiratory infections are under development. (bmj.com)

To prepare the polysaccharides for conjugation, they are depolymerized, derivatized, and purified by diafiltration. (mesvaccins.net)

Menactra vaccine is manufactured as a sterile, clear to slightly turbid liquid. (mesvaccins.net)

The FDA's acceptance of our application for 20vPnC is yet another significant milestone in Pfizer's continuing efforts to help protect adults against pneumococcal disease," said Kathrin U. Jansen, Ph.D., Senior Vice President and Head of Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer. (pfizer.com)
Before 2021, ACIP recommended 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) alone (up to 2 doses), or both a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in combination with 1-3 doses of PPSV23 in series (PCV13 followed by PPSV23), for use in U.S. adults depending on age and underlying risk for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the conjugate vaccine in routine immunizations given to children. (wikipedia.org)

Prevnar 13 (PCV13) is produced by the Wyeth subsidiary of Pfizer and it replaces Prevnar (PCV7), the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). (wikipedia.org)
In February 2010, Prevnar 13 was approved in the United States to replace Prevnar (PCV7), the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7). (wikipedia.org)
In June 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the pneumococcal 20-valent conjugate vaccine, sold under the brand name Prevnar 20 (PCV20), for adults 18 years of age and older. (wikipedia.org)

The continuing development and public health use of influenza vaccines made from live attenuated influenzavirus strains made it appropriate to review and update the WHO recommendations for such vaccines. (who.int)

In addition, ACIP recommends use of either a single dose of PCV20 or ≥1 dose of PPSV23 for adults who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with PCV13 but have not received all recommended PPSV23 doses. (cdc.gov)
Shared clinical decision-making is recommended regarding use of a supplemental PCV20 dose for adults aged ≥65 years who have completed their recommended vaccine series with both PCV13 and PPSV23. (cdc.gov)
In the absence of national data, we evaluated the seroprotection level of the Portuguese population against MenC, in order to identify the protected fraction of the population and ponder on the necessity of a booster dose of the MCC vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
Poly B conjugated vaccines have elicited Ab immune response in animal models (different potency according to formulation adjuvant, dose, etc.)but not SBA. (cdc.gov)

The potency of the PRP-OMPC component is measured by quantitating the polysaccharide concentration by an HPLC method. (theodora.com)
A sensitive, isotype-specific anti-PCP assay is required to explore further the immunogenicity of the new PCP-OMPC conjugate vaccines and to study the immunopathogenesis of pneumococcal otitis media in the chinchilla model. (docksci.com)

The purified protein is treated in phosphate buffer with formaldehyde and then coprecipitated with alum (potassium aluminum sulfate) to form bulk vaccine adjuvanted with amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate. (theodora.com)

The polysaccharides are extracted from the N meningitidis cells and purified by centrifugation, detergent precipitation, alcohol precipitation, solvent extraction and diafiltration. (mesvaccins.net)

PedvaxHIB is not for people who are hypersensitive to any ingredient in the vaccine. (immunizationinfo.com)
People who develop symptoms of an allergic reaction after PedvaxHIB should not receive further doses of the vaccine. (immunizationinfo.com)

An analysis was made of the number of vaccine doses and the age received, as well as on the medical records and vaccine cards. (bvsalud.org)

The HBsAg protein is released from the yeast cells by mechanical cell disruption and detergent extraction, and purified by a series of physical and chemical methods, which includes ion and hydrophobic chromatography, and diafiltration. (theodora.com)
The derivatized polysaccharides are covalently linked to diphtheria toxoid and purified by serial diafiltration. (mesvaccins.net)

For more than 100 years, Merck has contributed to the discovery and development of novel medicines and vaccines to combat infectious diseases. (merck.com)
The described methodologies constitute an important step towards cost-effective in vivo production of conjugate vaccines, which in future may be used for combating severe infectious diseases, particularly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)

Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis and, therefore, bacterial growth by binding with 30S and possibly 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria. (medscape.com)
The polysaccharide that is present in the bacteria imparts it protection and does not allow the organism to be destroyed. (justaaa.com)

The purpose of the revised recommendations is to provide vaccine manufacturers and national regulatory authorities with guidance on the specific processes for production and control of human, live attenuated influenza vaccines, plus guidance on the nonclinical and clinical evaluation of such vaccines. (who.int)
The successful deployment of live attenuated influenza vaccines depends on ensuring an appropriate balance between attenuation and immunogenicity. (who.int)
Live attenuated mucosal influenza vaccine has been licensed in the USA, but it will probably be some time before others go into general use. (bmj.com)

For over 130 years, Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, has been inventing for life, bringing forward medicines and vaccines for many of the world's most challenging diseases in pursuit of our mission to save and improve lives. (merck.com)
These vaccines have been extensively studied, are currently in human trial phase 1/2, and seem to be the best treatment choice for pneumococcal diseases, especially for developing countries. (mdpi.com)

One of the most promising candidates is the Whole-Cell Pneumococcal Vaccine (WCV). (mdpi.com)
In this study we describe the in vivo biosynthesis of two novel conjugate vaccine candidates against Shigella dysenteriae type 1, an important bacterial pathogen causing severe gastro-intestinal disease states mainly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Covalent conjugated vaccine candidates. (cdc.gov)

After waiting for the outcome of a trial underway in the Netherlands, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the vaccine for adults over age 65 in August 2014. (wikipedia.org)
PPSV23 (Pneumovax23) is a 23-valent vaccine that has been recommended for use since the 1980s for persons aged ≥2 years with certain underlying medical conditions and for adults aged ≥65 years ( Table 1 ) (Figure). (cdc.gov)
Unconjugated PS vaccines have been available for many years and have received some use in adults. (bmj.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms34

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs125

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care6

Antigens7

Serotypes13

Antigen3

Chemically3

Immunization8

Streptococcus3

Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine2

Pneumoniae5

Antibodies5

Development of pneumococcal2

Infants3

Neisseria3

Influenzae type6

Meningococcal3

Serotype3

CRM1972

Antibody4

Recombinant5

Induce5

Toxoid protein1

Licensure of new1

Type 6b1

Vaccination3

Serum3

Serogroup1

Carrier protein3

Formulations1

PCVs1

Formulated to contain 7.5 mcg1

Mucosal Vaccines1

Conjugation1

Sterile1

Pneumococcal disease2

Routine1

Prevnar3

Strains1

Dose4

OMPC2

Phosphate1

Meningitidis1

PedvaxHIB2

Doses1

Diafiltration2

Infectious diseases2

Bacteria2

Influenza3

Diseases2

Candidates3

Adults3