Capsid proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions (2)

The role of electrostatic interactions in the viral capsid assembly process was studied by comparing the assembly process of a truncated hepatitis B virus capsid protein Cp149 with its mutant protein D2N/D4N, which has the same conformational structure but four fewer charges per dimer. (uky.edu)
Molecular elucidation of drug-induced abnormal assemblies of the hepatitis B virus capsid protein by solid-state NMR. (pasteur.fr)

Partial sequencing of the B646L gene encoding the major capsid protein p72 has so far led to the identification of 22 ASFV genotypes. (cdc.gov)
Nucleotide sequences encoding the major capsid protein VP1 were determined for each isolate. (cdc.gov)

The extra sequences at the N-termini of viral jelly roll capsid proteins, involved in recognizing the viral genome, likely evolved after the capture of these proteins from cells. (virology.ws)
The RSV capsid enclosing the viral genome materials is assembled from 1500 copies of the 237-residue RSV capsid protein CA. In vitro, tubular assembly can be obtained with the CA with similar underlying structural properties as the authentic RSV capsid. (dtic.mil)
This indicates that herpesviruses withstand the internal pressure that is generated during DNA genome packaging by locally reinforcing the mechanical sturdiness of the vertices, the most stressed part of the capsids. (vu.nl)
Sequences were obtained from 4 genome regions, including part of the gene B646L that encodes the p72 capsid protein, the complete E183L and CP204L genes, which encode the p54 and p30 proteins and the variable region of the B602L gene. (cdc.gov)
The virus particle (25-30 nm) has an icosahedral capsid made of protein, without envelope, containing a single strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA) containing a positive encoding of its genome. (creative-biolabs.com)
CAMs disturb proper nucleocapsid assembly, by inducing formation of either aberrant assemblies (CAM-A) or of apparently normal but genome-less empty capsids (CAM-E). Classical structural approaches have revealed the CAM binding sites on the capsid protein (Cp), but conformational information on the CAM-induced off-path aberrant assemblies is lacking. (pasteur.fr)
E proteins made by the viral genome promote the activation of host DNA replication mechanisms that can then be used by the virus during its own replication. (medscape.com)
How can this protein shell be strong enough to remain intact as it enters a host cell, and yet quickly open up to release the viral genome after replication? (elifesciences.org)
In Nature the genome of viruses are protected by protein capsids. (lu.se)
The capsid serves two purposes: to protect the genome from the outside and to trick cel s into incorporating the virus. (lu.se)
Viral capsids are protein coats found inside viruses that contain and protect the viral genome. (lu.se)
Herpesviruses consist of a double-stranded DNA genome contained within a protein shell, termed the capsid, that is surrounded by an unstructured protein layer and a lipid-envelope. (lu.se)
We recently discovered a high internal DNA pressure of tens of atmospheres in HSV-1 capsids, resulting from tight genome confinement and repulsive DNA-DNA interactions. (lu.se)

Using atomic force microscopy imaging and nanoindentation measurements, we investigated the effect of the minor capsid proteins pUL17 and pUL25 on the structural stability of icosahedral herpes simplex virus capsids. (vu.nl)
CroV is covered by a protein shell (capsid) comprised of major capsid proteins (MCP) and minor capsid proteins (mCP). (utep.edu)
Plug-like density features were observed at the base of the VP1 pentamers, consistent with the known location of minor capsid proteins VP2 and VP3. (rcsb.org)

A protein shell called a capsid protects the virus during this journey. (elifesciences.org)
In most cases, the virus's genetic material, DNA, is enclosed within a protective protein shell called a capsid. (lu.se)

pUL17 and pUL25, which form the capsid vertex-specific component (CVSC), particularly contributed to capsid resilience along the 5-fold and 2-fold but not along the 3-fold icosahedral axes. (vu.nl)
Here we show that solid-state NMR can provide such information, including for wild-type full-length Cp183, and we find that in these assemblies, the asymmetric unit comprises a single Cp molecule rather than the four quasi-equivalent conformers typical for the icosahedral T = 4 symmetry of the normal HBV capsids. (pasteur.fr)
In spherical viruses capsid proteins forms icosahedral shel s with hundreds of subunits. (lu.se)

Capsid lattice stability was studied by solving seven crystal structures (in native background), including P38A, P38A/T216I, E45A, E45A/R132T CA, using molecular dynamics simulations of lattices, cryo-electron microscopy of assemblies, time-resolved imaging of uncoating, biophysical and biochemical characterization of assembly and stability. (ox.ac.uk)
Chakroborty, Sayan, "Expression and characterization of major capsid protein (MCP) of a giant marine virus: Cafeteria roenbergensis virus (CroV)" (2013). (utep.edu)

Structure of the HIV-1 full-length capsid protein in a conformationally trapped unassembled state induced by small-molecule binding. (nature.com)
have now developed a method that can visualize individual HIV capsids - and how they disassemble - in real time using single-molecule microscopy. (elifesciences.org)
also found that a small molecule drug called PF74 causes the capsid to crack open rapidly, but the remaining shell is then stabilized against further disassembly. (elifesciences.org)
which identifies a molecule found in host cells that stabilizes the capsid of HIV. (elifesciences.org)

Retroviral structural proteins also appear to have originated from cell proteins, with clear homologies with matrix, capsid, and nucleocapsid proteins. (virology.ws)

SCOP: Structural Classification of Proteins and ASTRAL. (berkeley.edu)

It seems likely that viral structural proteins originated from cellular genes. (virology.ws)
Alignment with capsid protein genes of other Trichoviruses revealed the TaTao ACLSV peach isolate to be phylogenetically closest to Peach mosaic virus, Apricot pseudo chlorotic leaf spot virus and Cherry mottle leaf virus. (csircentral.net)
The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
L genes encode viral capsid proteins. (medscape.com)
Disruption of E1 and E2 allows for dysregulated downstream genes and the expression of E6 and E7 proteins, which are selectively maintained in virally induced tumors. (medscape.com)

The deduced amino acid sequences of the outer capsid protein, VP7, of serotype G1 rotavirus clinical isolates collected over a 6 year period (1990-1995) in Melbourne, Australia, were examined. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Phylogenetic analysis characterized the sequences into two discrete clusters representing two of the four global lineages of human G1 VP7 proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The chip contains the sequences of 15 different capsid proteins converted into more than 5,000 overlapping peptides for high-resolution epitope data. (pepperprint.com)
Protein sequences were clustered by the pairwise sequence similarity using CLANS. (biomedcentral.com)
The complete sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene of 26 isolates of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) from India were determined. (csircentral.net)

Anti-Norovirus (VLP major capsid protein of GI and GII) monoclonal antibody, clone C2049N - 1mg - 1 vial is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock. (karlan.com)

In this application note, we profile capsid protein peptides from AAV5 and AAV9, digested with trypsin using a Biozen™ Peptide XB-C18 reversed phase column. (phenomenex.com)
Available with linear or cyclic constrained peptides for linear or conformational epitope mapping, the PEPperCHIP ® Pan-AAV Capsid Protein Microarray can be used to analyze patient and animal sera as well as research and diagnostic anti-AAV antibodies on the epitope level. (pepperprint.com)
15 different wild type AAV capsid proteins are converted into overlapping peptides and printed onto glass slides. (pepperprint.com)

We have previously discussed the idea that viruses originated from selfish genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons when these nucleic acids acquired structural proteins (see A plasmid on the road to becoming a virus ). (virology.ws)
I want to explore in more detail the idea that the structural proteins of viruses likely originated from cell proteins ( link to paper ). (virology.ws)
The matrix Z proteins of arenaviruses are related to cellular RING domain proteins, and the matrix proteins of some negative strand RNA viruses are related to cellular cyclophilin. (virology.ws)
There are many more examples, providing support for the hypothesis that viruses evolved on multiple instances by recruiting different cell proteins. (virology.ws)
Given this information on the origin of viral capsid proteins, we can modify the three hypotheses for the origin of viruses into one. (virology.ws)
Now, the question if of course - is it of viral origin or is it a cellular protein co-opted by viruses? (virology.ws)
WB/ELISA positive controls from Made for Virology provide stable, validated protein standards for a wide range of human viruses including respiratory tract pathogens, as well as, animal and marine pathogens. (nanoexpo.eu)
These recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). (univ-toulouse.fr)
For some negative-strand RNA viruses (e.g., vesicular stomatitis virus and Ebola virus), the viral matrix (M) protein contains all of the information needed for budding, since virus-like particles (VLPs) are efficiently released from cells when the M protein is expressed from cDNA. (nih.gov)
Unlike the capsids of many other viruses, those of HIV have irregular structures that rapidly fall apart once removed from the virus. (elifesciences.org)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
The shel s of many viruses are made up by only a single type of subunit and can often form from a solution of purified protein subunits (they self-assemble). (lu.se)

Missing from these hypothesis is how nucleic acids became virus particles - that is, how they acquired structural proteins. (virology.ws)
Many cell proteins have jelly role motifs, and some form 60-subunit virus-like particles in cells. (virology.ws)
At some point these genetic elements acquired structural proteins from the cells and became bona fide virus particles. (virology.ws)
Interestingly, this protein-based block copolymer could be self-assembled via two mechanisms into two different, well-defined nanocapsules: (1) pH-induced assembly yielded 28 nm virus-like particles, and (2) ELP-induced assembly yielded 18 nm virus-like particles. (psu.edu)
Conversely, truncation of the F protein cytoplasmic tail was not inhibitory and did not affect the ability of coexpressed wt HN protein to direct the budding of particles. (nih.gov)
Comparisons between the membrane-bound form of the coat protein and the previously determined structural form found in filamentous bacteriophage particles demonstrate that it undergoes a significant structural rearrangement during the membrane-mediated virus assembly process. (rcsb.org)
Adherence was not affected by pretreatment of the cells with virus particles or viral proteins. (lu.se)
2021). Virus-like particles (VLP), self-assembled HPV L1+L2 protein capsids that resemble intact virions, are used as antigen in the assay. (cdc.gov)
Virus particles and purified capsids have found many applications in nanotechnology, biotechnology and medicine. (lu.se)

Our results establish a structural view on assembly modulation of the HBV capsid, and they provide a rationale for recently observed differences between in-cell versus in vitro capsid assembly modulation. (pasteur.fr)
To understand the intrinsic capsid disassembly pathway and how it can be modulated, we have developed a single-particle fluorescence microscopy method to follow the real-time uncoating kinetics of authentic HIV capsids in vitro immediately after permeabilizing the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)

In this project we wil rebuild one of these amazing protein assemblies, spherical virus capsids, to function as nanoscale chemical reactors and containers for gene delivery of proteins into human cel s. (lu.se)
Protein assemblies are some of the most complex molecular machines in nature. (lu.se)
In a series of 3 papers, we analyzed the structure, developed structure prediction tools, and design tools, for different protein assemblies. (lu.se)
In another paper, we developed methods to predict large cubic symmetrical protein assemblies, such as viral capsids, from sequence. (lu.se)

An analysis of the sequence an structure of major virion proteins has identified likely ancestors in cellular proteins. (virology.ws)
A protein-nucleic acid complex which forms part or all of a virion. (bvsalud.org)

CroV MCP gene was codon optimized, synthesized, and amplified by PCR followed by cloning into a bacterial expression system in order to obtain purified protein of high homogeneity. (utep.edu)
The Capsid Protein of Nervous Necrosis Virus Antagonizes Host Type I IFN Production by a Dual Strategy to Negatively Regulate Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene-I-like Receptor Pathways. (bvsalud.org)
However, when recombination analyses were performed using RDP4, no recombination was found in either the partial major capsid protein (MCP) gene or the putative eukaryotic initiation factor 2 - α (eIF2-α) homologue gene. (gaacademy.org)
Lali K. Medina-Kauwe (2013) Development of adenovirus capsid proteins in targeting gene and drug delivery, Therapeutic Delivery , 4(2):267-77. (cedars-sinai.edu)
Rentsendorj A., J. Xie, M. MacVeigh, H. Agadjanian, S. Bass, S. Hamm-Alvarez and L.K. Medina-Kauwe (2006) Typical and Atypical Trafficking Pathways of Ad5 Penton Base Recombinant Protein: Implications for Gene Transfer, Nature - Gene Therapy 13(10):821-36. (cedars-sinai.edu)

HIV-1 capsid (CA) stability is important for viral replication. (ox.ac.uk)
In this study, we reported that capsid protein (CP) of red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) suppressed the IFN antiviral response to promote RGNNV replication in Lateolabrax japonicus brain cells , which depended on the ARM , S, and P domains of CP. (bvsalud.org)
E1 protein has helicase activity for replication, and E2 encodes DNA-binding protein for regulation of transcription. (medscape.com)
In alphaviruses, this process is thought to be mediated, at least in part, by the viral protease (nsP2) which is responsible for processing the nonstructural polyproteins (P123 and P1234) into individual proteins (nsP1-nsP4), forming the viral replication complex. (bvsalud.org)
They facilitate many cellular functions, from DNA replication to molecular motion, energy production, and even the production of other proteins. (lu.se)

Fourth-generation HIV immunoassays detect viral p24 protein in the blood (as well as patient antibodies against the virus). (wikipedia.org)
The recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic, as revealed by its reaction in immunoprecipitation with antibodies raised against RHDV. (univ-toulouse.fr)
The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies . (khanacademy.org)

abstract = "ELP-CP, a structural fusion protein of the thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and a viral capsid protein (CP), was designed, and its assembly properties were investigated. (psu.edu)

One example is syncytin , a retroviral protein used for the construction of the mammalian placenta. (virology.ws)

Multidisciplinary studies with mutated HIV-1 capsid proteins reveal structural mechanisms of lattice stabilization. (ox.ac.uk)
The capsid-binding inhibitor PF74 accelerates capsid opening but stabilizes the remaining lattice. (elifesciences.org)

X-ray crystallographic structure of the Norwalk virus capsid. (expasy.org)
Norwalk virus is a small virus that consists of a single strand of RNA , which comprises the genetic material of the virus, surrounded by multiple copies of a single protein assembled into a protective coat that is called the capsid. (bcm.edu)
X-ray structure of the Norwalk virus capsid, with the inset showing details of the structure of the subunits. (bcm.edu)

Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

However, lowering charge beyond a certain point resulted in capsid aggregation and precipitation. (uky.edu)

Mutagenesis studies confirm that hydrophobic residues in the centre of the three-helix bundle are crucial for capsid assembly and stability, and for viral infectivity. (nature.com)
This revealed that capsids differ widely in their stability. (elifesciences.org)
These observations reconcile seemingly contradictory observations made by different research groups about how this drug affects the stability of the capsid. (elifesciences.org)

A very common motif among viral capsid proteins is called the single jelly roll , made up of eight beta strands in two four-stranded sheets. (virology.ws)

The capsid not only protects the genetic material of the virus, but also helps in host-virus recognition, which is the critical initial step for viral infection. (utep.edu)
A research group at Lund University is working to understand the process by which the virus ejects its genetic material from the capsid and into cells and what causes the virus's DNA to be released. (lu.se)

It was found that M protein in the form of VLPs was only secreted from cells, with an efficiency comparable to authentic virus budding, when M protein was coexpressed with one of the two glycoproteins, HN or F, together with the nucleocapsid (NP) protein. (nih.gov)
Detection of norovirus capsid protein in authentic standards and in stool extracts by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and nanospray mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)

WB/ELISA positive control contain full lenght of major L1 capsid protein of Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16)(Cat. (nanoexpo.eu)
The three-dimensional structure of the membrane-bound form of the major coat protein of Pf1 bacteriophage was determined in phospholipid bilayers using orientation restraints derived from both solid-state and solution NMR experiments. (rcsb.org)

Profile antibody responses against 15 AAV capsid proteins in one single assay. (pepperprint.com)
Profile antibody responses against the most important wild type AAV capsid proteins with the PEPperCHIP ® Pan-AAV Capsid Protein Microarray. (pepperprint.com)
Antibody fingerprinting workflow using the PEPperCHIP® Pan-AAV Capsid Protein Microarray. (pepperprint.com)
Monitor antibody responses to AAV capsid proteins. (pepperprint.com)
Each WB/ELISA positive control contains purified viral protein that can serve as a binding target or an internal control for antibody validation or any antibody based assay such as western blotting or ELISA. (nanoexpo.eu)

The viral core protein retains protease activity, needed for cleavage from a protein precursor. (virology.ws)
They identified inhibitors against the enterovirus capsid protein and protease. (europa.eu)

It consists of a CAPSID plus enclosed nucleic acid. (bvsalud.org)

Virus capsids, filaments, flagel a, and other large protein complexes that are central to many biological processes are generated by protein self-assembly, whereby protein subunits spontaneously organize to form functional complexes. (lu.se)
By explicitly modelling the shapes of the subunits in the cage and matching the shapes with proteins from structural databases, we find that we can create structures with many different sizes, shapes, and porosities - including low porosities. (lu.se)

Central to both Gag protein arrangements is the capsid (CA) protein, a domain of PrGag, which is cleaved from the precursor to yield a mature Gag protein composed of an N-terminal domain (NTD), a flexible linker region, and a C-terminal domain (CTD). (elsevierpure.com)

The different colors represent different regions of the organism's outer protein shell, or capsid. (cdc.gov)

Interestingly, two types of hexameric protein arrangements were observed for each virus type. (elsevierpure.com)

Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)

CsCl density gradient centrifugation indicated that almost all of the NP protein in the cells had assembled into nucleocapsid-like structures. (nih.gov)
In contrast to previous structures determined solely in detergent micelles, the structure in bilayers contains information about the spatial arrangement of the protein within the membrane, and thus provides insights to the bacteriophage assembly process from membrane-inserted to bacteriophage-associated protein. (rcsb.org)
The cryo-electron-microscopy structures enable modelling by large-scale molecular dynamics simulation, resulting in all-atom models for the hexamer-of-hexamer and pentamer-of-hexamer elements as well as for the entire capsid. (nature.com)
The method can quickly elucidate the structure of many relevant proteins for humans, and for understanding structures relevant to disease, such as the structures of viral capsids. (lu.se)
In the final paper, we developed tools to design capsid-like proteins called cages - structures that can be used for drug delivery and vaccine design. (lu.se)

p24 is a component of the HIV particle capsid. (wikipedia.org)

CATH: Protein Structure Classification Database by I. Sillitoe, N. Dawson, T. Lewis, D. Lee, J. Lees, C. Orengo is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License . (cathdb.info)
Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of a tubular HIV-1 capsid-protein assembly at 8 Å resolution and the three-dimensional structure of a native HIV-1 core by cryo-electron tomography. (nature.com)
Structure of the amino-terminal core domain of the HIV-1 capsid protein. (nature.com)
Crystal structure of dimeric HIV-1 capsid protein. (nature.com)
But the structure of the capsid presents a mystery. (elifesciences.org)
enables researchers to measure how molecules produced by host cells interact with the viral capsid, a structure that is fundamental for the virus to establish an infection. (elifesciences.org)
This method is based upon AlphaFold, a new AI tool that has revolutionized protein structure prediction. (lu.se)
However, with the help of the synchrotron research facility NIST in Maryland, USA, and thanks to a special grant from the Swedish Research Council, we were ultimately able to use neutron light to image the structure of phage virus DNA and its density inside the capsid and see how these changed at different temperatures," explained Alex Evilevitch. (lu.se)

Finally, we use a eukaryotic cell-free system to reveal how CAMs modulate capsid-RNA interactions and capsid phosphorylation. (pasteur.fr)

Anatomy13

Organisms116

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes53

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Hepatitis B virus capsid prote2

Encoding the major capsid protein2

Genome13

Minor capsid proteins3

Shell called a capsid2

Icosahedral3

Characterization2

Molecule4

Nucleocapsid proteins1

Structural Classifi1

Genes5

Sequences5

Anti-Norovirus1

Peptides3

Viruses12

Particles9

Vitro2

Assemblies4

Virion2

Gene5

Replication5

Antibodies3

Abstract1

Retroviral1

Lattice2

Norwalk3

Mechanisms1

Aggregation1

Stability3

Jelly roll1

Genetic material2

Authentic2

Major2

Antibody5

Protease2

Nucleic1

Subunits2

Precursor1

Outer1

Interestingly1

ELISA1

Structures5

Particle1

Structure8

Interactions1