Candidate genes cell cycle genes cell cycle checkpoint gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

This association of ATR with RPA is how ATR specifically binds to and works on single-stranded DNA-this was proven through experiments with cells that had mutated nucleotide excision pathways. (wikipedia.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
We are using genetics, genomics and biochemical approaches to establish unknown pathways involved in these cellular events and attempting to develop models that explain how gammaherpesviruses establish transformation in human cells. (pennmedicine.org)
Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)
Actionable mutations enriched in homologous recombination repair, cell cycle, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were detected in 60% of HGESS patients. (e-crt.org)
Genes with up-regulated expression in HGESS were significantly enriched in five immune-related pathways. (e-crt.org)
The objective of this work is to identify dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC temporally according to systematic tracking of the dysregulated modules of reweighted Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. (hindawi.com)
Finally, gene compositions of altered modules were analyzed, and pathways enrichment analyses of genes in altered modules were carried out based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explored (EASE) test. (hindawi.com)
We successfully identified dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC in different stages, and these might be potential biological markers and processes for treatment and etiology mechanism in ccRCC. (hindawi.com)
Delineating the pathogenesis of ccRCC by investigating the gene and epigenetic changes and their effects on key molecules and their respective biologic pathways is of crucial importance for the improvement of current diagnostics, prognostics, and drug development [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, a PPI network can be modeled as an undirected graph, where vertices represent proteins and edges represent interactions between proteins, to prioritize disease associated genes or pathways and to understand the modus operandi of disease mechanisms [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that up-regulated genes were significantly involved in cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, DNA replication and p53 signaling pathway, while down-regulated genes were enriched in Huntington's disease,metabolic pathways. (oncotarget.com)
Furthermore, Module analysis revealed that the ten hub genes except TOP2A were belonged to module 1, indicating the upregulation of these hub genes associated molecular pathways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma might activate nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis. (oncotarget.com)
Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. (hindawi.com)
These signaling pathways are disrupted in GBM, and despite the accumulation of DNA damage, cancerous cells will thrive, maintaining survival and pathological cell division [ 2 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
This killing process occurs only if two molecular pathways are simultaneously deficient in one cell, whereas the isolated defect is innocuous [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Furthermore, the expression of the CYCA gene (involved in cell cycle and proliferation) was significantly downregulated in NAV and TDL isolates. (unav.edu)
Then, q-PCR-based gene profiling, revealed that this activity was related to the downregulation of several genes involved in drug resistance (yip1), virulence (gp63) and parasite proliferation (Cyclin 1 and Cyclin 6). (unav.edu)
In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors and kinesin spindle protein (KSP) plays a critical role in mitosis involving in cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
It also exhibited greater suppression on cell proliferation as well as cell migration or invasion capabilities and induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cells than single siRNA simultaneously. (biomedcentral.com)
Silencing of VEGF and KSP plays a key role in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inducing apoptosis of Hep3B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes clustering in the categories fatty acid beta oxidation, cell adhesion, DNA replication and polyamine biosynthesis were up-regulated indicating increased lipolysis, cell attachment, proliferation and growth. (wada-ama.org)
Finally, we determined that knockdown of LIPT1 gene expression inhibited proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we verified that LIPT1 may promote proliferation, invasion and migration of LIHC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CDC2 caused efficient deletion of CDC2, cellular G2/M arrest concluding in apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells U251 and SHG-44 cell lines ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
CDC2 gene plays an important role in the proliferation of human gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
MTT colorimetric assays, colony formation assays and 5‑ethynyl‑20‑deoxyuridine incorporation assays were also conducted to evaluate ACC cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)

By definition, mutations that cause CIN in cancer cells produce "sub-lethal" deficiencies in an essential cellular process (chromosome maintenance) and therefore may represent genetic vulnerabilities in tumor cells that could be exploited for therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cancer. (ubc.ca)
Mutations in this gene have been associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the growth of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, pigmented macules on the skin and mouth, and other neoplasms. (cancerindex.org)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
FA patients are especially prone to head and neck tumors as adults, and non-FA patients' tumors have a high percentage of FA gene somatic mutations. (kupferlab.org)
For example, studies suggest that ccRCC is closely associated with tumor suppressor von-Hippel Lindau ( VHL ) gene mutations that lead to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 α and HIF-2 α , also known as HIF1A and EPAS1) in both sporadic and familial forms [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
DDR mutations trigger level of sensitivity to DNA harm frequently, therefore level of sensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC) was evaluated after gene depletion by siRNAs (Fig. S3C). (insulin-receptor.info)
Inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for about five to ten percent of women's cancers.These inherited variations, identified in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer susceptibility, can be characterized in the general population by their frequency and the magnitude of their impact upon a patient (Table 1 ).Some inherited variants occur rarely in the general population, but confer large risks to the individual. (hindawi.com)
Although inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for only about five to ten percent of women's cancers, by far the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are the most common examples of this observation (50-70% of familial breast cancers) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
These modifications comprise point mutations, changes in the gene copy number, complete rearrangements, and epigenetic alterations [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
PARP inhibitors (PARPis) can induce synthetic lethality in cancer cells with preexistent defects in the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, such as deleterious mutations of the breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) suppressor genes [ 7 ] [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Unraveling of GBM biology found mutations [ 1 ] in other genes that also result in BRCAness and confer sensitivity to PARPi treatment. (encyclopedia.pub)
The 11 genes with a high frequency of mutation differed between cancers, and mutations in many DNA DSB repair E3 ligase genes were related to a higher total mutation burden. (bmbreports.org)
For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)

These molecules are involved in cell division, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and regulation of protein degradation. (pennmedicine.org)
Western Blotting was used to determine the level of expression of CDC2 protein as measure to quantify down regulation of CDC2 expression along with use of flow cytometry to investigate effect of shRNAs on cell cycles and detection of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
When damaged DNA cannot be repaired, a functional DDR machinery triggers a signaling cascade, leading to cell senescence or apoptosis. (encyclopedia.pub)

Two gene expression profiles (GSE12452 and GSE13597) containing 56 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples and 13 normal control samples were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes. (oncotarget.com)
In conclusion, this study indicated that the identified differentially expressed genes and hub genes enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which could eventually translate into additional biomarkers to facilitate the early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. (oncotarget.com)
Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)

Despite these advances made in identifying inherited breast cancer susceptibility genes, the vast majority of breast cancers are sporadic, that is, no identifiable mutation in one of the known breast cancer susceptibility genes. (hindawi.com)

We analysed maternal ageing of mouse oocytes on the protein level, using SILAC technology and high- However, searching these studies for culprits resolution MS, to define its signature at a level closer elicits a list of candidate genes that is quite short, to phenotype than mRNA. (gotomydoctor.com)
This study provides a broad list of candidate genes as potential biomarkers for genomic instability and novel therapeutic targets in cancer. (bmbreports.org)

We identified a three-gene expression signature ( BRCA2 , DNMT3B and CCNE1 ) associated with poor clinical outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
G) Depletion of 53BP1 with shRNAs restores cell cycle arrest in BRCA1, FANCM, FANCJ and FANCL depleted cells however, not in ATR or BRCA2 depleted cells. (insulin-receptor.info)
H) Chemical substance inhibition of DNA-PKcs restores cell routine arrest in BRCA1, FANCM, FANCL and FANCJ depleted cells however, not in ATR or BRCA2 depleted cells. (insulin-receptor.info)
Examples of these genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancers. (hindawi.com)

Gene ontology (GO) semantic analysis revealed a high similarityof the detected proteome (2324 proteins) to the transcriptome (22 334 mRNAs), although not all proteins had a cognate mRNA. (gotomydoctor.com)
Using a composite gene-set analysis method, we combine the information of transcription factor binding sites, Gene Ontology or pathway gene sets and gene expression fold-change profiles for a variety of cell conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

Our research involves a direct path from identification and mechanistic studies of CIN genes in yeast, to mining sequence data for orthologs mutated in cancer, to interrogation of the function of somatic variants and finally, the identification of (1) therapeutic target genes defined by synthetic lethality and (2) small-molecule inhibitors of those targets. (ubc.ca)
Here, we describe the concept of augmented synthetic lethality (ASL): depletion of a third gene product enhances a pre-existing synthetic lethal combination. (nature.com)
While genomic instability contributes to the poor prognosis for GBM patients [ 5 ] , the damaged DNA offers a target for pharmacological approaches that induce cancer cell death by a mechanism called synthetic lethality. (encyclopedia.pub)

However, the prognostic model of LIHC based on cuproptosis-related genes has not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
We then extracted the expression of cuproptosis-related genes and established a prognostic model by lasso cox regression analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Then, the prognostic model and the expression levels of the three genes were validated using the dataset from GEO. (biomedcentral.com)
Using lasso cox regression analysis, we developed a prognostic risk model based on three cuproptosis-related genes (GCSH, LIPT1 and CDKN2A). (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we developed a novel prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on cuproptosis-related genes that can effectively predict the prognosis of LIHC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
To this end, we used real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays to quantify the mRNA expression of a large panel (n = 47) of genes previously identified as candidate prognostic molecular markers in a series of 100 ERα-positive breast tumor samples from patients with known long-term follow-up. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we used real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays to quantify the mRNA expression of 47 candidate prognostic molecular markers in a series of 100 ERα-positive breast tumor samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunotherapy (IO) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has become the first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma, despite the lack of prognostic biomarkers. (e-crt.org)
Expression profiles analysis identifies the values of carcinogenesis and the prognostic prediction of three genes in adrenocortical carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)

Practically, cycle regulation, chromosome stability and epigenetic F9 cells allow for the efficient metabolic labelling of the modification, in both mouse and human oocytes SILAC reference in vitro, overcoming the difficulty of directly labelling oocytes in vivo. (gotomydoctor.com)
BRD4 is a member of the BET (bromodomain and extraterminal domain) family of tandem bromodomain-containing proteins that can bind acetylated histones H3 and H4 and influence transcription (Chiang 2009 BRD4 is an epigenetic reader originally identified as a mitotic chromosome-binding protein that remains associated with acetylated chromatin throughout the entire cell cycle and is thought to provide epigenetic bookmarking after cell division Alosetron Hydrochloride (Dey et?al. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Results The Epigenetic Reader BRD4 Is Expressed during ESC Differentiation and Binds the Pluripotent Factor OCT4 We postulate that a co-activator such as BRD4 might play a role in epigenetic memory for binary cell fate ("stem-ness" versus differentiation) and XCI (active versus inactive X chromosome) status in ESCs. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes during in vitro Epstein-Barr virus infection. (pennmedicine.org)

The molecular characteristics of ESS at genomic and transcriptomic levels, including mutational spectrum, fusion profiles, gene expression and pathway enrichment analysis and features about immune microenvironment were comprehensively explored. (e-crt.org)

This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. (cancerindex.org)

In vitro, both peptides were highly active against intracellular Leishmania major in mouse macrophages without exerting toxicity in host cells. (unav.edu)
In order to test our hypothesis, we examined, for the first time in vitro , the anti-proliferative properties of the spider-venom peptide gomesin and its analogues as potential therapeutic lead candidates against DFTD. (nature.com)
In the first phase of the project cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/monocyte, IM-9/T lymphocyte, H9/B lymphocyte), PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively will be treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate genes influenced by hghapplication. (wada-ama.org)
To find additional hgh-candidate genes, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology will be applied on hgh-treated PBMCs and on those cultured leukocyte subsets which showed a response to hgh before during in vitro studies. (wada-ama.org)
To this purpose cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/ monocyte, IM-9/ B- lymphocyte, H9/ T-lymphocyte) and PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively were treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate hgh-sensitive genes. (wada-ama.org)
An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)

The purpose of this study is to examine the therapeutic potential of dual gene targeted siRNA cocktail on human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. (cancerindex.org)
Differential effects on the expression of the three transcription factor B ( tfb ) genes hint at a mechanism for the modulation of transcriptional patterns in response to DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
These include control of the transcriptional repertoire of the cell, activation of repair enzymes and repression of DNA replication and cell division. (biomedcentral.com)
factor(s) relies on gene transcription that oocytes largely Oocytes spend most of their time quiescent in primordial perform during follicular growth prior to ovulation, and follicles, mature over days or weeks during follicular the transcriptional activities of oocytes may be influ- growth and then become quiescent again near the enced by maternal age. (gotomydoctor.com)
We postulate that histone readers together with OCT4 play a role in the transcriptional control of the XCI lncRNAs as well as pluripotent genes. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
2008 At many developmental genes RNAP II stalls or pauses after transcribing a nascent transcript about 20-65 nucleotides in length (Adelman and Lis 2012 Nearly 30% of the genes in human ESCs commence transcription initiation but do not undergo transcriptional elongation (Guenther et?al. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
2007 This suggests that transcriptional pausing is an additional checkpoint control during development (Levine 2011 The release from transcriptional pausing is associated with P-TEFb recruitment the eviction of pause factors the phosphorylation at serine 2 of the carboxyl-terminal domain Alosetron Hydrochloride (CTD) in RNAP II and the production of elongated mRNAs. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Over the last two decades, studies based on genome-wide gene expression and functional profiling have revealed the great diversity of transcriptional alterations occurring in liver carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Since the expression of genes defining discrete phenotypes is highly coordinated, application of reverse engineering algorithms to transcriptome datasets allows interpreting transcriptional networks by defining MRs and their associated regulons and gene circuits. (aging-us.com)
Genome-wide expression profiles reflect the transcriptional networks specific to the given cell context. (biomedcentral.com)
However, most statistical models try to estimate the average connectivity of the networks from a collection of gene expression data, and are unable to characterize the context-specific transcriptional regulations. (biomedcentral.com)
It is able to provide useful clues for novel cell-specific transcriptional regulations. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells alter the process of transcriptional regulation so as to adjust to or drive changes in the cellular conditions between different stages of the cell cycle, stem cell differentiation or cancer development. (biomedcentral.com)
Such changes in the transcriptional networks between different cell conditions are represented in the transcriptome data that are obtained using microarrays or high-throughput sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
Historically, most DDR genes had been determined genetically in candida as mutants faulty in the transcriptional or cell routine arrest reactions to DNA harm. (insulin-receptor.info)
PARP is a family of enzymes that comprises 17 members with different functions, such as maintenance of genomic stability, transcriptional regulation, and cell death [ 16 ] [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Simultaneous silencing of VEGF and KSP using siRNA cocktail yields promising results for eradicating hepatocellular carcinoma cells, a new direction for liver cancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Since strong consensus regarding commonly altered MRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lacking, we generated a compendium of HCC datasets from 21 studies and identified a comprehensive signature consisting of 483 genes commonly deregulated in HCC. (aging-us.com)

Genes for non-apoptotic cell death and regulation of osmotic pressure were down-regulated. (wada-ama.org)
Copper plays an important role in cells as a catalytic cofactor for essential enzymes involved in energy conversion, oxygen transport, and regulation of oxidative metabolism in cells [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Abnormalities in cell cycle regulation are reported to be strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

DNA damage leads to cellular responses that include the increased expression of DNA repair genes, repression of DNA replication and alterations in cellular metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
No increase in expression of DNA repair genes following UV irradiation was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
Under normal growth conditions, where levels of DNA damage are low, transcription of repair genes is repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
We list the DNA repair genes and related E3 ligases. (bmbreports.org)

It is thus likely that these genes have limited predictive power when considered in isolation, but that their clinical relevance may be increased when several genes are considered together. (biomedcentral.com)

As in FA, codanin, the protein whose gene is mutated in CDA has no known function, and additional genes accounting for additional genetic complementation groups remain to be cloned and identified. (kupferlab.org)

through the Chk1-CDC25 pathway, which effects levels of CDC2, this response is thought to reduce the rate of DNA synthesis in the cell and inhibit origin firing during replication. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to its role in activating the DNA damage checkpoint, ATR is thought to function in unperturbed DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
ATR is activated during every S phase, even in normally cycling cells, as it works to monitor replication forks to repair and stop cell cycling when needed. (wikipedia.org)
Our functional studies of selected CIN genes in yeast have elucidated mechanistic insights into various aspects of the chromosome cycle, including sister chromatid cohesion, kinetochores, DNA replication and repair, and cell cycle checkpoints. (ubc.ca)

Mechanistically, both peptides caused a significant reduction at G0/G1 phase, in correlation with an augmented expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, p21, necrosis, exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, all hallmarks of cellular stress. (nature.com)
Cuproptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death in tumor, which is characterized by accumulation of intracellular copper leading to the aggregation of mitochondrial lipoproteins and destabilization of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
This review focuses on an up-to-date understanding of the functions of E3 ligases in cancers and debates the perspectives of cancer cells that rely on inhibition or activation of ubiquitylation of target proteins. (bmbreports.org)

Identification of master regulator (MR) genes offers a relatively rapid and efficient way to characterize disease-specific molecular programs. (aging-us.com)

Two distinct subtypes of LIHC were identified based on cuproptosis-related genes, with different prognosis and immune characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
Immune infiltration and T cell function were evaluated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. (e-crt.org)
Recently, clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitor plus vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for mRCC have exhibited outstanding efficacies [ 3 - 5 ]. (e-crt.org)
The present review focuses on circulating miRNAs in patients with TNBC, with an emphasis on their interaction with the immune response checkpoint genes PD‑1, PD‑L1 and CTLA4. (spandidos-publications.com)
Based on the findings of this literature review and the in silico analysis performed as part of this review, it is concluded that circulating hsa‑miR‑195 and hsa‑miR‑155 in TNBC interact with checkpoint genes involved in the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)

The current version of the model gives predictions of the yields and sizes of translocations, dicentrics, rings, and more complex-type aberrations formed in the G 0 /G 1 cell cycle phase during the first cell division after irradiation. (bioone.org)

To recognize novel DDR genes, we created a higher throughput (HTP) microscopy-based assay using U2Operating-system cells pursuing siRNA depletion CEK2 to measure unacceptable cell cycle admittance into mitosis 18h after 10Gy IR, utilizing nocodazole to capture cells in mitosis (Fig. 1A). (insulin-receptor.info)
Many cells getting into mitosis in this long term assay incurred harm during S stage (discover Supplemental Text message and Shape S1 for even more information on the assay). (insulin-receptor.info)

A) A TFBS gene set (genes that share a common TFBS in their promoters) is required to have a significant overlap with a functional gene set (genes that share a common annotation in GO or KEGG). (biomedcentral.com)

Using a combination of chromatin biochemistry, computational modelling, atomic force microscopy (AFM), genetics, genomics and cell biology, Dr. Dalal and colleagues are investigating whether chromatin adopts alternate structural conformations in cancer cells, the functional consequences of large-scale chromosomal alterations upon the cancer epigenome, and identifying small molecules which can target these structures or processes. (elifesciences.org)
REGNET is a useful tool for exploring the ternary relationships among the transcription factors, their functional targets and the corresponding cell conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
If the above three criteria are satisfied between a TFBS gene set and a functional gene set, we say the corresponding TF is associated with the functional gene set (Figure 1 a), and the associated pairs as well as the corresponding conditions are output as context-specific TNs. (biomedcentral.com)
Association of a TF and functional gene set. (biomedcentral.com)

SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
However, no sigificant difference in the mRNA and protein levels of ANG2, involving inhibition of angiogenesis was found in HUVECs cultured with supernatant of Hep3B cells treated with siRNA cocktail, compared to that of VEGF-siRNA. (biomedcentral.com)

ATR is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is involved in sensing DNA damage and activating the DNA damage checkpoint, leading to cell cycle arrest in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Once ATR is activated, it phosphorylates Chk1, initiating a signal transduction cascade that culminates in cell cycle arrest. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)

The aim of this study was to identify valuable biomarkers by searching the candidate molecules that contribute to lung adenocarcinoma pathogenesis, especially KC subtype. (cancerindex.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve a role in gene expression, primarily by interacting with messenger RNAs, and may be potential biomarkers for detecting cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)

The loss of in the mouse results in peri-implantation lethality with an ablation of the inner cell mass the source for ESCs (Houzelstein et?al. (cancerrealitycheck.com)

These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)
Genome wide association studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and candidate gene studies have enumerated genetic contributors to cancers in women. (hindawi.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

RNAi is a specific gene regulatory mechanism in which activation of an intracellular pathway triggered by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) of 21-23 nucleotides (nt), leading to gene silencing through degradation of a homologous target mRNA[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)

A mainstream hypothesis is that maternal ageing of oocytes has its roots in gene transcription. (gotomydoctor.com)
Transcription factors (TFs) drive gene expression programs that shape specific phenotypes [ 3 ], and are frequently dysregulated in cancer [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
We propose an approach for mining context-specific transcription networks from a large collection of gene expression fold-change profiles and composite gene-set information. (biomedcentral.com)
One main reason for the difficulty is the dynamic nature of the networks: Transcription factors (TFs) not only regulate different targets depending on the cell conditions, but their effects on these targets can also change. (biomedcentral.com)
This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (cancerindex.org)
The top 14 hub genes were subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ACC and adrenocortical adenoma samples. (cancerindex.org)

Whole genome cDNA microarrays as well as oligonucleotide microarrays including leukocyte-relevant genes will be used to characterize potential hgh-specific genes by comparing gene expression profiles of treated and untreated cells. (wada-ama.org)

Reproduction (2014) 148 55-72 (Thus, ageing of oocytes may The 'maternal age effect' in reproduction, characterized be viewed as a life-long maintenance of cellular by a negative relationship between maternal age and homeostasis in the same cell, unlike ageing of the male reproductive success, is a poorly understood phenom- germline. (gotomydoctor.com)
mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)
The cell cycle is a complex process with myriad genes involved and elaborate and complex signaling mechanisms to allow for this critical cellular process. (biomedcentral.com)

Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR, also known as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) or FRAP-related protein 1 (FRP1), is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ATR gene. (wikipedia.org)
This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)

Following ex vivo study, viral particles containing small interfering RNA for CDC2 were subsequently injected into xenogeneic graft tumor of nude mice and the weight of human glioma xenografts, survival and resulting phenotypic changes of target gene were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)

10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)

For each gene, the fraction of siRNAs scoring and the total number of genes scoring is listed. (insulin-receptor.info)
Of the genes, 53% that obtained with at least 2 siRNAs in the checkpoint assay also obtained with several siRNAs in the MMC-sensitivity assay (97 genes). (insulin-receptor.info)

Within the core complex, both FANCA and FANCG are phosphorylated (P). In the presence of an intact core complex, FANCD2 is monoubiquitinated (Ub) on K561 and colocalizes in nuclear foci with BRCA1, where it carries out its roles in DNA repair and/or cell cycle control. (kupferlab.org)

We analyzed the publicly available database and identified the candidate REG4 using the E-GEOD-31210 dataset, and then confirmed by TCGA dataset. (cancerindex.org)
The analyzed gene datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. (cancerindex.org)
Furthermore, these three genes predicted overall survival and recurrence‑free survival in patients with ACC from the TCGA cohort. (cancerindex.org)
Mutation and expression frequencies of these genes were analyzed in COSMIC and TCGA. (bmbreports.org)

Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
Toward this end, we collected 2,482 paired (test/control) human microarray datasets encompassing a variety of cell conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)

Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)

These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
She is currently a Senior Investigator leading the Chromosome Structure and Epigenetics Mechanism Unit within the Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression at the Center for Cancer Research of the NCI/NIH in Bethesda. (elifesciences.org)
DNA DSB repair signaling contributes to general mechanism for various types of lesions in diverse cell cycle phases. (bmbreports.org)

It was identified that the nuclear division cycle 80, cyclin B2 and topoisomerase 2‑α may serve important roles in adrenocortical tumor development. (cancerindex.org)

The B lymphocyte cell line RA-1 showed gene upregulation in the categories opioid receptor, oxidoreductase and GMP-reductase activity. (wada-ama.org)

To identify candidate drug targets, we have been testing synthetic lethal interactions, predicted in yeast, using RNAi, gene knockouts, and mutants in both C. elegans and mammalian cell culture, to identify evolutionarily conserved SL gene pairs involving CIN genes somatically mutated in cancer. (ubc.ca)
His work investigating the neural mechanisms that control behaviour has made an impact across scales from cells to brain regions across mammalian species. (elifesciences.org)

Downregulation of CDC2 could potentialy inhibit human gliomas cells growth ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

Breast cancer initiation and progression is a process involving multiple molecular alterations, many of which are reflected by changes in gene expression in malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)

2006 Meshorer and Misteli 2006 Niwa 2007 These changes in chromatin packaging are accompanied by alterations in histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) crucial for modulation of chromatin structure and gene expression (Bernstein et?al. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair signaling permit cancer cells to accumulate genomic alterations that confer their aggressive phenotype. (bmbreports.org)
DNA DSB repair E3 ligase genes are involved in tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions, such as RNF168 and FBXW7, by assisting the functionality of these genomic alterations. (bmbreports.org)

Genes that maintain genome structure are evolutionarily conserved and are often somatically mutated in cancer. (ubc.ca)
We have established an extensive genome instability gene catalog in yeast that provides a resource to identify cross-species, candidate human genes that are somatically mutated and could cause chromosome instability (CIN) in cancer. (ubc.ca)
He serves on the Editorial Boards of Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology and Genome Biology. (elifesciences.org)
After confirming SSH-genes to be differentially expressed in a series of microarray experiments, oligonucleotide probes will be designed for both SSH-genes and the candidate genes identified along gene expression profiling using whole genome/leukocyte relevant arrays. (wada-ama.org)
Results obtained from gene expression profiling utilising whole genome arrays were in accordance with published data. (wada-ama.org)

Two cohorts from our center (Zhongshan Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma [ZS-MRCC] cohort, Zhongshan High-risk Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma [ZS-HRRCC] cohort) and one cohort from a clinical trial (JAVELIN-101) were enrolled. (e-crt.org)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is diagnosed annually in around 430,000 cases worldwide, resulting in approximately 179,000 deaths [ 1 ]. (e-crt.org)
Approximately 35% of patients were initially diagnosed with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), while the remaining 65% of patients with localized disease. (e-crt.org)
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 60% to 70% of all renal tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Such work, while focused on a rare disorder, has the promise to confer insight into the normal processes of red cell production. (kupferlab.org)

The mutated forms of these genes are referred to as oncogenes. (bmj.com)

These findings have indicated that the important role of KSP in mitotic progression makes it an significant candidate of anticancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The specific medications administered depend on the choice of therapy and whether it is supportive care only, immunosuppressive therapy, or hematopoietic cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
From these results, it was suggested that CDC2 might be a potential target on gene therapy of human gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
Successful translational research has allowed gene therapy trials to proceed. (medscape.com)
A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)

Unlike the male germline, the bulk of The synthesis of the aforementioned molecular oocytes do not have a gonial stem cell population. (gotomydoctor.com)
Our studies show that Brd4 interacts with the pluripotent factor OCT4 and is important for maintaining stem cell fate and the expression of the lncRNAs controlling XCI. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)

Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeted against CDC2 were designed and transducted into human glioma cell line ex vivo in order to downregulate the expression of CDC2. (biomedcentral.com)
To reveal the roles of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in human malignant gliomas, CDC2 in glioma cell line, it was down-regulated by retrovirus vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

A predictive score was further constructed by random forest, involving CDK5 and T cell exhaustion features. (e-crt.org)

An example of this class of genes is a mutation in the CHEK2 gene in breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
DNA damage response-related E3 ligases, such as RNF168, FBXW7, and HERC2, were generated with more than 10% mutation in several cancer cells. (bmbreports.org)

In the present study, we investigated the relationship of gene expression profiles with malignant progression of human glioma. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms6

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes95

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care4

Pathways18

Proliferation13

Mutations15

Apoptosis3

Differentially expressed genes3

Susceptibility genes1

List of candidate genes2

BRCA24

Ontology2

Synthetic lethality3

Prognostic9

Epigenetic4

Pathway enrichment analysis1

Chromosomes1

Vitro7

Therapeutic1

Transcriptional16

Hepatocellular carcinoma2

Regulation3

Repair genes4

Several genes1

Additional genes1

Replication4

Proteins3

Identification1

Immune5

Irradiation1

Mitosis2

KEGG1

Functional4

Inhibition2

Arrest3

Biomarkers3

Lethality1

Genetic3

MRNA1

Inactivation1

Transcription6

Characterize1

Cellular3

Kinase3

Subsequently1

Carcinogenesis1

SiRNAs2

BRCA11

TCGA4

DataSets2

Squamous cell carc2

Tumour initi1

Mechanism3

Topoisomerase1

Upregulation1

Mammalian2

Downregulation1

Changes in Gene Expression1

Alterations3

Genome5

Renal cell carc4

Confer1

Oncogenes1

Therapy5

Stem4

ShRNAs2

Predictive1

Mutation2

Progression1

Genetics1