Cancer signaling pathways. Medical search. Frequent questions

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk pathway plays a central role in cell communication: it orchestrates signaling from external receptors to internal transcriptional machinery, which leads to changes in phenotype [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of MAPK is initiated by one of the four ErbB receptors (ErbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor (EgfR), ErbB2-4), which leads to signaling through Raf (RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase), Mek (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2) and Erk. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we compared the ability of nano- and fine-sized WC--Co particles to form free radicals and propensity to activate the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kappaB, along with stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in a mouse epidermal cell line (JB6 P+). (cdc.gov)

Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
Hyperactivation of Wnt and Ras-MAPK signalling are common events in development of colorectal adenomas. (vu.nl)
Interestingly, AURKA has been shown to further enhance Wnt and Ras-MAPK signalling. (vu.nl)
The DEA and the Heinz analyses suggest 20 Wnt and Ras-MAPK signalling genes being deregulated by AURKA, whereof β-catenin and KRAS occurred in both cell lines. (vu.nl)
Finally, shortest path analysis over the PPI network revealed eight 'connecting genes' between AURKA and these Wnt and Ras-MAPK signalling genes, of which UBE2D1, DICER1, CDK6 and RACGAP1 occurred in both cell lines. (vu.nl)
This study, first, confirms that AURKA influences deregulation of Wnt and Ras-MAPK signalling genes, and second, suggests mechanisms in CRC cell lines describing these interactions. (vu.nl)
Deregulation of the MAPK signaling occurs under many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes and cancers. (mdpi.com)
Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)
Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. (mdpi.com)
We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. (mdpi.com)
the changes of proteins related to MAPK/ERK signaling pathway were also detected using western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, RPL5 promoted colon cell proliferation and migration, at least in part, by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
RPL5 promoted colon cell proliferation and migration, at least in part, by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, which may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cancers in which MAPK/ERK signaling is a dominant feature. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we demonstrate that RPL5 promotes COAD cell proliferation and migration via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Deregulation in signaling along the EgfR-MAPK pathway is common in breast cancer, though the manner in which deregulation occurs varies between both individuals and cancer subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
We were interested in identifying subnetworks within the EgfR-MAPK pathway that are similarly deregulated across subsets of breast cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
To that end, we mapped genomic, transcriptional and proteomic profiles for 30 breast cancer cell lines onto a curated Pathway Logic symbolic systems model of EgfR-MAPK signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, SCARA5 was related to STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in OSCC. (degruyter.com)
In conclusion, SCARA5 inhibited the proliferation and EMT and induced the apoptosis of OSCC cells through the inhibition of STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, thereby exerting a tumor suppressor effect. (degruyter.com)
We found that tamoxifen is a potent compound that induced a high degree of apoptosis and significantly suppressed growth of xenograft tumors in mice, at a degree comparable to ISA-2011B, an inhibitor of PIP5K1α that acts upstream of PI3K/AKT survival signaling pathway. (lu.se)
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in advanced prostate cancer, due to loss of the tumour suppressor PTEN, and is an important axis for drug development. (york.ac.uk)
However, it also induced irreversible growth arrest and senescence.Ex vivo treatment of a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of prostate cancer with a combination of AZD7328 and the mTOR inhibitor KU-0063794, significantly reduced tumour frequency upon re-engraftment of tumour cells.The results demonstrate that single agent targeting of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway triggers activation of the Ras/MEK/ERK compensatory pathway in near-patient samples. (york.ac.uk)
In addition, the ErbB receptors integrate a diverse array of signals, both at the cell surface level and through cross-talk with other pathways, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Pi3k) pathway [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Formaldehyde induces the apoptosis of BMCs of BALB/c mice via the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway. (moleculardepot.com)
Insulin signaling pathway activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates and activates Akt (also known as protein kinase B). Akt regulates glucose transport by promoting the translocation of glucose transporters, such as GLUT4, to the plasma membrane. (alliedacademies.org)
Patrinia villosa treat colorectal cancer by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
It alters glycerol phospholipid metabolites, which are closely related to PI3K target, suggesting that P.V can treat CRC though the PI3K target and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)

For example, increased expression of LINC00958 attributes to cell metastasis in gastric cancer 7 . (researchsquare.com)
Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is an intriguing cytokine exhibiting dual roles in malignant disease, acting as an important mediator of cancer invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as exhibiting antitumor functions. (preprints.org)
Moreover, the TGF-β pathway contributes to the generation of a favorable microenvironment for tumor growth and metastasis throughout the steps of carcinogenesis. (preprints.org)
Then, we overexpressed AHNAK in vitro and in vivo to establish the roles of AHNAK in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. (aging-us.com)
Elevated AHNAK contents in ovarian cancer cell lines remarkably repressed ovarian cancer cell growth, along with metastasis in vitro, as well as in vivo. (aging-us.com)
The miR-3648/FRAT1-FRAT2/c-Myc negative feedback loop modulates the metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cells. (nih.gov)
The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing, and cancer metastasis is one of the major causes of poor outcomes. (ijbs.com)
In summary, our findings suggest that BEX2 negatively modulates the hedgehog signaling pathway by retaining Zic2 in the cytoplasm in colorectal cancer cells, thereby inhibiting migration and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. (ijbs.com)
Interestingly, Hh ligand overexpression is associated with the BLBC phenotype and a poor outcome in terms of metastasis and breast cancer-related death. (biomedcentral.com)
In recent years, the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has emerged as a critical determinant of cancer initiation, progression and metastasis of an important subset of human cancers [ 3 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It's also been reported to participates in signaling pathways and might suppress tumor metastasis. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)
BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a self-renewal ability in tumor cells population, execute a pivotal function in tumorigenesis, retrogression, and metastasis of malignant cancers such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC).MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we isolated CSCs subpopulation with CD133 surface marker from three ATC cell lines by magnetic cell sorting assay. (moleculardepot.com)
RHAMM regulates MMTV-PyMT-induced lung metastasis by connecting STING-dependent DNA damage sensing to interferon/STAT1 pro-apoptosis signaling. (medscape.com)
Noninvasive prediction of axillary lymph node breast cancer metastasis using morphometric analysis of nodal tumor microvessels in a contrast-free ultrasound approach. (medscape.com)
The cancer stem cell theory holds that tumors also contain stem-like cells that drive tumor growth and metastasis formation. (medscape.com)

It has been reported that miR-30a-5p expression is decreased in primary gallbladder cancer (GBC) lesions, and inhibition of its expression in GBC cells promoted migration and invasion ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We found that Pak1 over-expressing luminal breast cancer cell lines are significantly more sensitive to Mek inhibition compared to those that express Pak1 at low levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Publisher Correction: RAGE inhibition blunts insulin-induced oncogenic signals in breast cancer. (medscape.com)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a number of physiological and pathological processes, including gene transcription and translation, chromatin modification, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and oncogenic and tumor-suppressive signals in cancer 6 . (researchsquare.com)
APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APC gene. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
This study also demonstrated that the Hedgehog agonist is active in human scalp in vitro as measured by Hedgehog pathway gene expression. (bernsteinmedical.com)
Less commonly, gene mutations that increase the risk of developing cancer can be inherited from a parent. (medlineplus.gov)
Rearrangements of genetic material involving the ALK gene on chromosome 2 increase the risk of developing several other types of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
At least 15 translocations involving the ALK gene have been identified in people with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a rare form of cancer involving immune cells called T cells. (medlineplus.gov)
A genome-wide gene-environment interaction study of breast cancer risk for women of European ancestry. (medscape.com)
We observed a different trend of regulation in terms of BCL2 family gene expression and global gene expression profile including genes reported to be expressed in cancer stem cells. (lu.se)
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed enrichment of cytokine signaling in all three cell lines which was supported by the phospho-kinase array where STAT5 phosphorylation was found to be elevated in resistant cells. (lu.se)
Collectively, our data suggest that venetoclax resistance can be mediated through the enrichment of distinct gene signatures and cytokine signaling pathways. (lu.se)
Germline Sequencing Analysis to Inform Clinical Gene Panel Testing for Aggressive Prostate Cancer. (cdc.gov)
Functional variants of the chitinase 3-like 1 gene are associated with clinicopathologic outcomes and progression of prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)

There is now strong evidence of cross-talk between oncogenic signaling pathways in tumors and the anti-tumor immune response, supporting the need for concurrent evaluation of immune and molecular phenotypes in patient samples. (labroots.com)
This webinar will explore oncogenic signaling pathways, resulting immune responses and the impact of heterogeneity in cancer. (labroots.com)
After decades of research, important mechanistic details of overactivation or abnormal activation of oncogenic signaling pathways remain unresolved. (unige.ch)
In their recent article published in Trends in Cell Biology , Prof. Vladimir Katanaev and Dr Karolina Zielinska have overviewed the recent advances provided by information theory to the comprehension of oncogenic signaling pathways. (unige.ch)

Mutations in cancer can alter proteins and derail signalling processes involved in cell division, causing cancer to grow out of control. (icr.ac.uk)
Bowel cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers worldwide, and many patients with the disease have mutations that affect proteins that are part of the 'β-catenin destruction complex', which regulates cell division. (icr.ac.uk)
In bowel cancer, mutations can stop the destruction complex from working normally, allowing proteins promoting cancer cell growth to build up unchecked. (icr.ac.uk)
BEX proteins have been reported to be involved in transcriptional regulation and signaling pathways in neurodegeneration, cell cycle and tumor growth [ 5 - 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
Abnormal expression of ribosomal proteins has an important regulatory effect on the progression of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
More and more studies have found that abnormal expression or mutation of ribosomal proteins has an important regulatory effect on the occurrence and development of cancer [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MIT researchers have designed a new type of probe that can image thousands of interactions between proteins inside a living cell, giving them a tool to untangle the web of signaling pathways that control most of a cell's activities. (medicalxpress.com)
We can identify what signaling pathway the proteins are involved in and during which phase of the cell cycle the interaction occurs," said Alice Ting, the Pfizer-Laubach Career Development Assistant Professor of Chemistry and senior author of a paper describing the probe published online June 27 by the Journal of the American Chemical Society . (medicalxpress.com)
The researchers tested their probes on two signaling proteins involved in suppression of the immune system, and on two proteins that play a role in cell division. (medicalxpress.com)
The activation continues through a series of proteins in a signaling pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
Cancer stem cell-associated proteins revealed by proteomics. (medscape.com)

Noncanonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and ROR2/RYK coreceptors to the Dishevelled-dependent (Rho family GTPases and c-jun NH 2 -terminal kinase) or the Ca 2+ -dependent (NLK and nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling cascades. (aacrjournals.org)
However, in 82As2 cells, LIF production was significantly increased by stimulation with TLR5, which was suppressed by an inhibitor of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1/4, which are important factors in the TLR5 signaling pathway. (oncotarget.com)
As a result, the kinase and the downstream signaling pathway are constantly turned on (constitutively activated). (medlineplus.gov)
These complexes interact with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) that is part of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is involved in cellular energy, cytokinesis, cell motility, cellular adhesion, and nutrient sensing. (medscape.com)

WNT, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Notch, Hedgehog, and transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling network are implicated in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by regulating self-renewal of normal stem cells as well as proliferation or differentiation of progenitor (transit-amplifying) cells. (aacrjournals.org)
moreover, the hedgehog signaling inhibitors, GANT61 and GDC-0449 could reverse the migratory enhancement of BEX2-/- colorectal cancer cells. (ijbs.com)
We also demonstrated that the nuclear translocation of Zic2 after BEX2 silencing could activate the hedgehog signaling pathway, while Zic2 knockdown abrogated the migratory enhancement of BEX2-/- cells and inhibited the hedgehog signaling pathway. (ijbs.com)
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has been unambiguously tied to cancer development and progression in a variety of solid malignancies, and the recent approval of vismodegib, an orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of Smoothened, validates Hh signalling as a valuable therapeutic target. (biomedcentral.com)
Curis, Inc., a drug development company, has published data showing the effectiveness of a proprietary Hedgehog pathway activator to stimulate hair growth in adult mice. (bernsteinmedical.com)
The study shows that a topically applied small molecule agonist of the Hedgehog signaling pathway can stimulate hair follicles to pass from the resting stage to the growth stage of the hair cycle. (bernsteinmedical.com)

The KEGG and GO analyses indicated 'Human T − cell leukemia virus 1 infection' and 'Hippo signaling pathway' were the main affected biological processes. (researchsquare.com)
MTT, Transwell, scratch, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR assays were performed to examine how curcumol inhibited CRC cell viability, invasion and migration, and to detect the role of miR‑30a‑5p and curcumol in the invasion and Hippo signaling pathways of CRC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results demonstrated that miR‑30a‑5p downregulation was accompanied by the inactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway, which was demonstrated to promote CRC cell viability, invasion and migration. (spandidos-publications.com)
Curcumol treatment was identified to increase miR‑30a‑5p expression and to activate the Hippo signaling pathway, which in turn inhibited the invasion and migration of CRC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overexpression of miR‑30a‑5p enhanced the effects of curcumol on cell invasion and migration, and the Hippo signaling pathway in CRC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is a crucial downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, has also been demonstrated to be involved in the EMT process ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that dysregulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway is associated with EMT and cancer progression mainly driven by YAP ( 12 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Apoptosis is induced in tumor by activating mAbs is because of their results on adhesion or on one of many signaling pathways regulated by E-cadherin, together with the hippo signaling pathway, the Wnt pathway, the small GTPases, Rac and Rho, or PI3Kinase signaling [9]. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)

In this review article, different signaling pathways and how their dysregulation contributes to the development of tumors have been discussed. (eurekaselect.com)
miR-143 is known to be downregulated in various cancer cells and tumors and generally plays a tumor-suppressor role. (jcancer.org)
Our finding is the first to suggest a new therapeutic potential to inhibit or utilize the mechanisms related to ERα, PIP5K1α/AKT network, and MMP9/VEGF signaling axis, providing a strategy to treat castration-resistant ER-positive subtype of prostate cancer tumors with metastatic potential. (lu.se)
However, BEX2 appears to exhibit diverse expression patterns and functions in different types of tumors, with conflicting evidence regarding the role of BEX2 in different cancers. (ijbs.com)
Most breast cancer deaths occur because the cancer has spread, or metastasized, which means that cells in the primary tumor have invaded blood vessels and traveled via the bloodstream to form tumors elsewhere in the body. (medindia.net)
SCR-6852, an oral and highly brain-penetrating estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), effectively shrinks tumors both in intracranial and subcutaneous ER + breast cancer models. (medscape.com)
Multiple or bilateral renal carcinomas have been reported in association with this syndrome, most commonly hybrid oncocytic tumors with features of chromophobe renal carcinoma (50%), followed by chromophobe renal cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, and renal oncocytoma. (medscape.com)

Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. (eurekaselect.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Leiser SF and Miller RA: Nrf2 signaling, a mechanism for cellular stress resistance in long-lived mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
Energy metabolism is governed by intricate signaling pathways that sense nutrient availability, energy demands, and cellular stress. (alliedacademies.org)
This article explores the pathways of cellular signaling in energy metabolism, highlighting their physiological roles and implications in pathological conditions. (alliedacademies.org)
These signaling pathways are important in many cellular processes such as cell growth and division (proliferation) or maturation (differentiation). (medlineplus.gov)
According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) concept, the cellular hierarchy in normal tissues is preserved in a number of hematological and solid malignancies. (medscape.com)

Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
Different cancer types show common patterns of mutation, implying that a few key mutations play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroblastoma and other cancers occur when a buildup of genetic mutations in critical genes-those that control cell proliferation or differentiation-allows cells to grow and divide uncontrollably to form a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)

Dysregulation of these signaling pathways can lead to metabolic disorders and contribute to the development of various pathologies. (alliedacademies.org)

RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic defects that negatively impact control of cell division, motility, adhesion and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 and JNK are two apoptosis-regulatory factors frequently deregulated in cancer cells and also involved in the modulation of autophagy. (gla.ac.uk)
We showed that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an antitumoral compound, enhances autophagy and apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells through the activation of both p53 and JNK pathways. (gla.ac.uk)
Sesquiterpene lactones containing a 3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (or α-methylene-γ-lactone) moiety, for example damsin (1), are Michael acceptors that affect biological processes such as cell proliferation, death/apoptosis, and cell migration, by interfering with cell signalling pathways. (lu.se)

AKT signaling in normal and malignant cells. (eurekaselect.com)
Malignant ascites contributes to all hallmarks of ovarian cancer (OC). (uni-marburg.de)
E-cadherin is certainly one of a potent tumor suppressor as a result of down-regulation of E-cadherin is commonly present in malignant epithelial cancers [1]. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE At present, the colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor of the colon and rectum that is often found at the junction of the two, and it will invade many visceral organs and organizations , causing very serious damage to the body of the patient . (bvsalud.org)
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor type, in which Wnt signaling is essential. (lu.se)
Activation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway via Wnt5a has been correlated with increased migration and invasion as well as a poor prognosis in malignant melanoma patients. (lu.se)
This thesis highlights the complexity of Wnt signaling in general and Wnt5a signaling in melanoma in particular and extends our knowledge of the mechanisms behind progression of malignant melanoma. (lu.se)

The intracellular domain of TbRI (TbRI-ICD) is released from the cell membrane, soluble and is transported to the nucleus in some specific forms of cancer to promote expression of genes causing invasion and metastatic growth. (ki.se)
BEX2 has been reported to be involved in tumor development in several types of cancer, but its role in metastatic colorectal cancer remains largely undefined. (ijbs.com)
Herein, we demonstrated that BEX2 knockout resulted in enhanced migratory and metastatic potential in colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and re-expression of BEX2 in knockout cells could reverse the enhanced migratory capacity. (ijbs.com)
Research have proven that lack of E-cadherin perform or expression has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which characterizes the transition from benign lesions to invasive and metastatic most cancers [6]. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)
Dr. Oktay noted that "the outcome for patients with metastatic breast cancer hasn't improved in the past 30 years despite the development of targeted therapies. (medindia.net)
Accordingly, these researchers recommended considering gemcitabine-capecitabine as one of the standard first-line options in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
Biomarker-Directed Therapy in Black and White Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. (cdc.gov)
Olaparib plus abiraterone versus placebo plus abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PROpel): final prespecified overall survival results of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. (cdc.gov)

This Journal of Hematology & Oncology collection is the 2020 version of an annual series on emerging agents and regimens for cancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Among these effects, TGF-β induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with prometastatic functions, contributes to the conversion of stromal cells to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, and suppresses the function of immune cells, which compromises the antitumor immune response, leading to cancer progression and stromal fibrosis. (preprints.org)
In this review, we address the role of the essential TGF-β signaling pathway in the regulation of the activities of components of the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer and how this contributes to tumor progression and stromal fibrosis. (preprints.org)
Cai Y , Hu Y , Yu F , Tong W , Wang S , Sheng S , Zhu J , . AHNAK suppresses ovarian cancer progression through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (aging-us.com)
There is a need to elucidate on the mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer progression and to identify novel cancer targets. (aging-us.com)
Patients who are radioresistant respond poorly to RT and may experience cancer progression. (nature.com)
Recent reports have implicated that BEX2 is involved in tumor development and progression in several types of cancer, such as glioblastoma, glioma and breast cancer [ 7 - 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
RPL5 is involved in the progression of various malignancies, however, the role of RPL5 in colon cancer remains is still unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer microenvironment is critical for tumorigenesis and cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
One such disease process is the development and progression of cancer. (lu.se)

TGFb is transducing its canonical and non-canonical signals via its transmembrane TGFb Type II and Type I receptors (TbRII/TbRI) which are serine-threonine kinases. (ki.se)
Molecular alterations in lung cancer include genetic changes, epigenetic changes, and changes in the expression or activity of kinases that comprise signaling pathways within cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
We have assessed the molecular and functional consequences of pathway blockade by inhibiting AKT and mTOR kinases either in combination or as individual drug treatments. (york.ac.uk)
Receptor tyrosine kinases transmit signals from the cell surface into the cell through a process called signal transduction. (medlineplus.gov)

I will review the evidence for Notch activation in ovarian cancer and potential strategies for Notch inactivation as targeted treatment of ovarian cancer. (bmj.com)

Wang et al ( 9 ) reported that miR-30a-5p upregulation can inhibit ovarian cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. (spandidos-publications.com)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and PPARγ agonists with the potential to inhibit the canonical WNT signaling pathway are candidate agents for chemoprevention. (aacrjournals.org)
We will discuss specific signaling aberrations found in lung cancers, review the status of signaling inhibitors being developed for lung cancer, identify emerging targets, and provide recommendations for the development of agents designed to inhibit signal transduction. (johnshopkins.edu)
Functional studies show that SFRP3 can inhibit Wnt5a signaling and induce a decrease in migration and invasion. (lu.se)

For published articles in "Emerging agents and regimens for cancer therapy 2019," see here . (biomedcentral.com)
Correction to: National and subnational burden of female and male breast cancer and risk factors in Iran from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. (medscape.com)

We found that Wnt5a could activate regulated secretion of IL-6 and VEGF, dependent on cytoskeletal re-arrangements mediated via calcium signaling and Cdc42 activation. (lu.se)

It has been reported that numerous miRNAs, including the miR-30 family, serve important roles in the regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This review will provide an update on the Hh signalling pathway and its role in the regulation of normal mammary development and the aetiology of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Research of E-cadherins in these caners explored the prognostic worth of the down-regulation of E-cadherin protein, i.e., survival time and survival chance in confirmed most cancers sufferers. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)
However, the role and regulation mechanism of RPL5 has not been revealed in colon cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Lorin, S. , Pierron, G. , Ryan, K.M. , Codogno, P. and Djavaheri-Mergny, M. (2010) Evidence for the interplay between JNK and p53-DRAM signaling pathways in the regulation of autophagy. (gla.ac.uk)
We have recently investigated the links between these two signalling pathways in terms of the regulation of autophagy. (gla.ac.uk)
However, very little is known about the regulation of SC maintenance pathways in cancer and how these are affected by cancer-specific genetic alterations and by treatment. (medscape.com)

The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Communications in an article entitled "ERK5 Signalling Rescues Intestinal Epithelial Turnover and Tumour Cell Proliferation upon ERK1/2 Abrogation. (genengnews.com)
These findings identified novel signaling pathways associated with miR‑30a‑5p and revealed the effects of curcumol on miR‑30a‑5p expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
These findings indicate that rapamycin affected the mTOR pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of downstream effectors of mTOR. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Some types of bowel cancer cells require Tankyrase to grow, so the findings may help researchers develop new drugs to target the protein. (icr.ac.uk)
The findings could lead to better tests for predicting whether a woman's breast cancer will spread and to new anti-cancer therapies. (medindia.net)
Laboratory findings in patients with pancreatic cancer are usually nonspecific. (medscape.com)

The rationality of metabolomics results was verified through the clinical target database of network pharmacology , and find the upstream and downstream target information of relevant action pathways. (bvsalud.org)

WNT signals are transduced to the canonical pathway for cell fate determination, and to the noncanonical pathway for control of cell movement and tissue polarity. (aacrjournals.org)
Canonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and LRP5/LRP6 coreceptor to the β-catenin signaling cascade. (aacrjournals.org)
Epigenetic silencing and loss-of-function mutation of negative regulators of the canonical WNT pathway occur in a variety of human cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
ZTM000990 and PKF118-310 are lead compounds targeted to the canonical WNT signaling cascade. (aacrjournals.org)
In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the canonical Hh signalling pathway in mammals, highlight its roles in mammary gland development and breast carcinogenesis and discuss its potential therapeutic value in BLBC. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNA‑30a‑5p (miR‑30a‑5p), which functions as a tumor suppressor, has been reported to be downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and to be associated with cancer invasion. (spandidos-publications.com)
We investigated and verified AHNAK contents in ovarian cancer tissues and corresponding healthy tissues. (aging-us.com)
E-cadherin modulate varied signaling pathways which is necessary in sustaining the epithelial phenotype and regulating homeostasis of tissues [1]. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)
The expression level of RPL5 in colon cancer tissues and cell lines was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and NCM460 cells, respectively, and its expression level was higher in HCT116 cells and RKO cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, the researchers found that cancer tissues high in a form of Mena called MenaINV were especially likely to metastasize. (medindia.net)

RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
In order to make an impact on survival in this type of aggressive breast cancer, new targeted therapeutic agents are urgently needed. (biomedcentral.com)
Correction: Multimorbidity and overall survival among women with breast cancer: results from the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes Study. (medscape.com)
Therapy resistance remains one of the major challenges for cancer treatment that largely limits treatment benefits and patient survival. (lu.se)

We found that rapamycin inhibited cell proliferation and decreased the phosphorylation of mTOR pathway components in MG63 cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The protein inhibits GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin and positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
These results suggest that adherens junctions in cancer cells are weakened by the breakdown of the cadherin/catenin complex, which is induced by β-catenin phosphorylation via RLN2/RXFP1 signaling. (elsevierpure.com)

LINC00958 mediates pancreatic cancer by controlling the miR-330-5p/PAX8 axis. (researchsquare.com)
Feng Y, Cao H, Zhao W, Chen L, Wang D, Gao R. miR-143 mediates abiraterone acetate resistance by regulating the JNK/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in prostate cancer. (jcancer.org)

However, the role of miR-143 in the mediation of the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to abiraterone acetate remains unrevealed. (jcancer.org)
Upregulation of miR-143 may serve as a new strategy to enhance the therapeutical effect of abiraterone acetate on prostate cancer patients who are resistant to abiraterone acetate. (jcancer.org)
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) is frequently overexpressed in several forms of cancer including prostate cancer and this has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis. (ki.se)
In collaboration with SciLifeLab DDD we have generated potential therapeutic antibodies to target this pathway which we are investigating the function of, in our established preclinical models for prostate cancer. (ki.se)
Selective ERα modulator, tamoxifen, is well tolerated in a heavily pretreated castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) patient cohort. (lu.se)
We showed that both tamoxifen and ISA-2011B exert their on-target effects on prostate cancer cells by targeting cyclin D1 and PIP5K1α/AKT network and the interlinked estrogen signaling. (lu.se)
Frequently rearranged in advanced T‑cell lymphomas‑1 demonstrates oncogenic properties in prostate cancer. (nih.gov)
In established prostate cancer cell lines, a decrease in cell viability and in phospho-biomarker expression was observed. (york.ac.uk)
In contrast, when the AKT inhibitor AZD7328 was applied to patient-derived prostate cultures that retained expression of PTEN, activation of a compensatory Ras/MEK/ERK pathway was observed. (york.ac.uk)
Therefore, blockade of one pathway is insufficient to treat prostate cancer in man. (york.ac.uk)
A case of neuroendocrine cancer of prostate or bladder origin has also been reported. (medscape.com)
ANO7 African-ancestral genomic diversity and advanced prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
Allelic variants and immunostaining profile in CXCL12/CXCR4 axis: An investigation of association with prognosis in prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
Integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
Is higher docetaxel clearance in prostate cancer patients explained by higher CYP3A: An in vivo phenotyping study with midazolam. (cdc.gov)
Clinicopathological and molecular analysis of microsatellite instability in prostate cancer: a multi-institutional study in China. (cdc.gov)
Comprehensive genomic profiling testing in Japanese castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: results of a single-center retrospective cohort study. (cdc.gov)

During RT, alterations in signaling pathways result in changes in the local immune microenvironment. (nature.com)
Alterations in signaling pathways are implicated in cancer. (unige.ch)
To improve patient outcomes, many studies have been designed to identify molecular alterations in lung cancer in order to develop new therapeutic strategies. (johnshopkins.edu)

The lowered expression of E-cadherin has been reported in varied cancers resembling esophageal most cancers, head and neck squamous, non-small cell lung most cancers, invasive breast carcinoma in addition to cervical most cancers. (keiseronlineuniversity.com)
Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer in the world and is most commonly associated with smoking. (johnshopkins.edu)
Current treatment strategies are largely ineffective due to advanced stage at diagnosis and the inherent therapeutic resistance of lung cancer cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
Signaling pathways are attractive targets for lung cancer therapy because activation of signaling pathways contributes to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance, and constitutively active signaling commonly occurs in lung cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)
This review will discuss signaling pathways that are relevant to lung cancer. (johnshopkins.edu)

PKB of 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) one of the key components in the mTOR pathway. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Body 3 American blot evaluation to investigate the consequences of rapamycin on the different parts of the mTOR pathway. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Patients with advanced pancreatic cancers and weight loss may have general laboratory evidence of malnutrition (eg, low serum albumin or cholesterol level). (medscape.com)

The exciting part of this new study is investigators found that treating both ERK1/2 and the compensatory pathway ERK5 concomitantly with a combination of drug inhibitors halted CRC growth more effectively in both mouse models and human CRC cell lines. (genengnews.com)
When you find the compensatory pathway and block both, there is no more escape. (genengnews.com)

We then explore the potential to optimize therapy that inhibits TGF-β signaling in the preclinical and clinical settings of gastric cancer. (preprints.org)
Knockdown of FRAT1 inhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
Additionally, insulin signaling inhibits gluconeogenesis, the process of glucose production from non-carbohydrate sources, in the liver. (alliedacademies.org)

In this study, we aim to identify the key molecules and signaling pathways by analyzing the RNA-seq data. (researchsquare.com)
Study leader Dr Sebastian Guettler , Team Leader in the Divisions of Structural and Cancer Biology , said: "Our study gives important new insights into the structure of a major cancer-relevant protein called Tankyrase and its associated network of signalling molecules, providing new clues about how we might disrupt this network using future cancer drugs. (icr.ac.uk)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)

Therefore the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and an autophagy inhibitor may be effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma because it effectively induces the apoptotic pathway. (exposed-skin-care.net)
It is suggested that relaxin induces aggressive cell growth and invasiveness in several types of cancer, including endometrial cancer. (elsevierpure.com)

Genetic deletion of Erk1/2 or pharmacological targeting of MEK1/2 results in supraphysiological activity of the ERK5 pathway. (genengnews.com)
Therapies aimed at targeting ERK1/2 likely fail because this mechanism is allowing proliferation through a different pathway," noted senior study author Eyal Raz, M.D., professor of medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine. (genengnews.com)

An international research team lead by scientists at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine uncovered some surprising results while investigating a potential therapeutic target for the ERK1 and two pathways. (genengnews.com)

Breakage of the stem cell signaling network leads to carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)

Among breast cancers, unique subsets can be defined at the genomic, transcriptional and proteomic levels. (biomedcentral.com)

Deregulation of cell signaling in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
Deregulation of signal transdu. (uni-marburg.de)

Ohta, T. The Importance of Controlling the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in the Gastric Cancer Microenvironment. (preprints.org)
Gastric cancer is an intractable disease with a high incidence of peritoneal dissemination and obstructive symptoms (e.g. ileus, jaundice, and hydronephrosis) arising from accompanying marked fibrosis. (preprints.org)
Leukemia inhibitory factor via the Toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway involves aggravation of cachexia induced by human gastric cancer-derived 85As2. (oncotarget.com)
Cancer cachexia is highly prevalent in gastric cancer patients and characterized by decreased food consumption and body weight. (oncotarget.com)
We previously created a rat model of cancer cachexia using MKN45cl85 and 85As2 cells derived from human gastric cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Several targeted therapies have shown efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJC), including anti-angiogenic agents and immune checkpoint inhibito. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical evidence suggests that infection with H. pylori cagA+ strains dramatically increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. (news-medical.net)

In a normal mouse model (left), cell growth is controlled, but in a mouse model with the ERK1/2 pathway blocked (right) increased cell proliferation and loss of organization occurred. (genengnews.com)
The UCSD team found that an alternative pathway immediately emerges when ERK1/2 is halted, thus allowing tumor cell proliferation to continue. (genengnews.com)
Since we were genetically deleting the ERK1/2 pathway, we expected to see less cell proliferation," explained co-lead study author Petrus R. de Jong, M.D., Ph.D., translational scientist at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute. (genengnews.com)
The extracellular matrix (ECM) interacts with tumor and stromal cells to promote cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion, a. (biomedcentral.com)

In this investigation, the cytotoxicity of 23 α-methylene-γ-lactones towards normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells as well as breast cancer JIMT-1 cells is compared. (lu.se)

Globally, ovarian cancer is the 2nd most frequent cause of gynecologic-associated cancer fatalities among women. (aging-us.com)
We established that AHNAK was downregulated in ovarian cancer. (aging-us.com)
Therefore, AHNAK may be a biomarker and treatment target for ovarian cancer. (aging-us.com)
This review focuses on the nascent knowledge of Notch signaling in ovarian cancer. (bmj.com)
Despite advances in chemotherapy and radical surgery, ovarian cancer remains the most deadly gynecologic malignancy. (bmj.com)
Therapeutic improvements are necessary to enhance outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer. (bmj.com)

3. Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China. (ijbs.com)

Current Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) LINC00958 showed some benefit to this cancer, but the mechanism is unknown. (researchsquare.com)
These genes and biological processes may help understand the mechanism for inhibiting LINC00958 in cancers. (researchsquare.com)
The authors suggest that impaired information transmission may constitute a mechanism underlying cancer development and applying information theoretic approaches could open new avenues for drug development. (unige.ch)
They also imply that MenaINV expression and TMEM score measure related aspects of a commonly used mechanism that human breast cancers use to metastasize. (medindia.net)
Apart from that, the targets of associated pathways were confirmed, and the mechanism of action was made clear, using quantitative PCR (q- PCR ) and Western blot . (bvsalud.org)

pathway parts and autophagy by traditional western blot evaluation. (exposed-skin-care.net)

The ERK pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development and tissue repair because it instructs cells to multiply and start dividing, but when overactivated cancer growth often occurs. (genengnews.com)
The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved and crucial during embryonic development. (lu.se)

Despite the progress achieved in breast cancer screening and therapeutic innovations, the basal-like subtype of breast cancer (BLBC) still represents a particular clinical challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of recent publications have highlighted a role for Hh signalling in breast cancer models and clinical specimens. (biomedcentral.com)
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide and accounts for 23% of all cancers diagnosed in 2008 [ 1 ], totalling approximately 1.4 million cases globally. (biomedcentral.com)
With a lifetime risk of developing invasive breast cancer of 1 in 8, breast cancer is one of the top three cancers that caused the greatest economic impact worldwide in 2008 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to its frequency and cost, breast cancer represents a major public health concern. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies have underlined an important though less understood function of the Hh pathway in breast cancer malignancy. (biomedcentral.com)
We tested this experimentally by measuring quantitative responses of 20 breast cancer cell lines to three Mek inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
All together, our results support the utility of symbolic system biology models for identification of therapeutic approaches that will be effective against breast cancer subsets. (biomedcentral.com)
A study combining tumor cells from breast cancer patients with a laboratory model of blood vessel lining provides the most compelling evidence so far. (medindia.net)
It shows that a specific trio of cells is required for the spread of breast cancer. (medindia.net)
According to the National Cancer Institute, more than 232,000 American women developed breast cancer last year and nearly 40,000 women died from the disease. (medindia.net)
In earlier studies involving animal models and human cancer cell lines, researchers found that breast cancer spreads when three specific cells are in direct contact: an endothelial cell (a type of cell that lines the blood vessels), a perivascular macrophage (a type of immune cell found near blood vessels), and a tumor cell that produces high levels of Mena, a protein that enhances a cancer cell's ability to spread. (medindia.net)
Public health researchers from the University of Adelaide claim that there is potential to improve surveillance of breast cancer survivors. (medindia.net)
Since then, the scientists have extended their research to include patients with breast cancer. (medindia.net)
Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of invasive breast cancer, accounting for 80 percent of cases. (medindia.net)
Breast cancer cells able to cross the endothelial layer in this assay were found to have higher MenaINV levels compared with the total population of patients' aspirated cells. (medindia.net)
These results confirm that TMEM sites and MenaINV are essential for the spread of breast cancer in humans," said Dr. Oktay. (medindia.net)
These results suggest a strong link between ovulatory menstrual cycles and the risk of developing breast cancer, with progesterone playing an important role. (medscape.com)
How do these two imaging modalities compare in terms of diagnostic accuracy for breast cancer detection? (medscape.com)
Certain modifiable factors may affect the risk for developing breast cancer. (medscape.com)
A better understanding of the potential risks of developing second primary malignancies among survivors of breast cancer could lead to better prevention and management strategies for these patients. (medscape.com)
Circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol, lipids, and steroid hormones in breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study of the Multiethnic Cohort Study. (medscape.com)
Examination of fully automated mammographic density measures using LIBRA and breast cancer risk in a cohort of 21,000 non-Hispanic white women. (medscape.com)
miR-203 drives breast cancer cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
Association of air pollution with postmenopausal breast cancer risk in UK Biobank. (medscape.com)
MRI-based breast cancer radiogenomics using RNA profiling: association with subtypes in a single-center prospective study. (medscape.com)
Effectiveness of palbociclib with aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in an exposure retrospective cohort study: implications for clinical practice. (medscape.com)
Studying the association between longitudinal mammographic density measurements and breast cancer risk: a joint modelling approach. (medscape.com)
Correction: Expression of hormone receptors is associated with specific immunological profiles of the breast cancer microenvironment. (medscape.com)
Correction: Changes in the tumor oxygenation but not in the tumor volume and tumor vascularization reflect early response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
Correction: A prospective case-cohort analysis of plasma metabolites and breast cancer risk. (medscape.com)
Clinical and biological heterogeneities in triple-negative breast cancer reveals a non-negligible role of HER2-low. (medscape.com)
1995. Organochlorine compounds in relation to breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and endometriosis: An assessment of the biological and epidemiological evidence. (cdc.gov)

WNT signals are context-dependently transduced to both pathways based on the expression profile of WNT, SFRP, WIF, DKK, Frizzled receptors, coreceptors, and the activity of intracellular WNT signaling regulators. (aacrjournals.org)
Upon binding to its receptor, insulin activates a cascade of intracellular signaling events. (alliedacademies.org)

Cancer cachexia is characterized by a decrease in body weight and food consumption and occurs in 80% of patients with progressive cancer, causing at least 20% of cancer-related deaths [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Most OSCC patients are found in the late stage of OSCC, mainly because there are no early molecular markers when cancer occurs. (degruyter.com)

The insulin signaling pathway is a central regulator of energy metabolism, particularly in the context of glucose homeostasis. (alliedacademies.org)

This is an underappreciated escape pathway for tumor cells. (genengnews.com)

After the optimization, derivatives of small-molecule compound and human monoclonal antibody targeted to the WNT signaling pathway could be used in cancer medicine. (aacrjournals.org)

These domains could be exciting targets for future cancer drugs. (icr.ac.uk)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases57

Chemicals and Drugs54

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment68

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Humanities1

Information Science7

Named Groups2

Health Care31

Geographicals4

Mitogen-activa4

MAPK17

PI3K10

Metastasis15

Inhibition3

Gene13

Oncogenic Signaling Pathways4

Proteins11

Kinase4

Hedgehog6

Hippo8

Tumors7

Cellular8

Mutations3

Dysregulation1

Apoptosis5

Malignant7

Metastatic8

Oncology1

Progression9

Kinases4

Inactivation1

Inhibit4

20192

VEGF1

Regulation7

Findings6

Downstream1

Canonical5

Tissues5

Survival5

Phosphorylation3

Mediates2

Prostate17

Alterations3

Lung5

MTOR pathway2

Pancreatic cancers1

Compensatory pathway2

Inhibits3

Molecules3

Induces2

Targeting2

Therapeutic target1

Carcinogenesis1

Transcriptional1

Deregulation2

Gastric cancer7

Proliferation4

Epithelial1

Ovarian cancer6

Molecular Biology1

Mechanism5

Autophagy1

Embryonic development2

Breast cancer33

Intracellular2

Occurs2

Regulator1

Tumor cells1

Small-molecule1

Targets1