• It is generally distinguished from metastasis, which is the spread of cancer cells through the circulatory system or the lymphatic system to more distant locations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yet, lymphovascular invasion is generally the first step of metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in the context of metastasis, they facilitate the invasion of tumor cells into other areas of the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the movement of individual cells observed during embryonic development and inflammation (e.g., leukocyte migration) is similar to the dissemination of cancer cells during tumor progression and metastasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional analysis determined that DOCK10 , ITGA11 , DAB2 , PDFGRA , VASN , PPAP2B , and LPAR1 are highly expressed in trailblazer cells and required to initiate collective invasion, with DOCK10 essential for metastasis. (jci.org)
  • Together, our results indicate that spontaneous conversion of the epigenetic state in a subpopulation of cells can promote a transition from in situ to invasive growth through induction of a cooperative form of collective invasion and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of trailblazer cell invasion may help prevent metastasis. (jci.org)
  • In recent years, emerging studies have highlighted the critical role of these pathways and their regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer invasion and metastasis. (intechopen.com)
  • It has been reported that miR-326 associates with bone metastasis, a biochemical marker of bone turnover in lung cancer, and promotes EMT-induced cellular lung adenocarcinoma infiltration [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • reported that miR-326 is abnormally expressed in metastasis and nonmetastasis tissues in non-small-cell lung cancer, providing an experimental basis for exploring the mechanism of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis and molecular diagnosis and treatment [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To explore the feasibility of performing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) on subsets of submucosal gastric cancers that are unlikely to have regional lymph node metastasis. (nih.gov)
  • Besides investigating many clinicopathological features such as tumor size, gross appearance, and differentiation, we measured the depth of invasion into submucosa minutely and analyzed the clinicopathologic features of these patients regarding lymph node metastasis. (nih.gov)
  • In univariate analysis, no significant correlation was found between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics such as age, sex, tumor location, gross appearance, tumor differentiation, Lauren's classification, and lymphatic invasion. (nih.gov)
  • Combining the depth and size in cases where the depth of invasion was less than 500 microm, we found that lymph node metastasis occurred where the tumor size was greater than 4 cm. (nih.gov)
  • In cases where the tumor size was less than 2 cm, lymph node metastasis was found only where the depth of tumor invasion was more than 2000 microm. (nih.gov)
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with biomolecules are important in intercellular communication and mediate local and long-range signals in cancer metastasis. (biorxiv.org)
  • Addgene: Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer. (addgene.org)
  • however, its effects on metastasis‑related phenotypes in ovarian cancer models are unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In invasion and metastasis, NF-κB regulates the gene transcription of proteolytic enzymes, cytokines and signaling molecules associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the molecular changes driving lung cancer invasion and metastasis remain unclear. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this study, we identified fibulin-5, a vascular ligand for integrin receptors, as a suppressor of lung cancer invasion and metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, overexpression of fibulin-5 in H460 lung cancer cells inhibited metastasis in mice. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Collectively, these results suggest that epigenetic silencing of fibulin-5 promotes lung cancer invasion and metastasis by activating MMP-7 expression through the ERK pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The 5-year survival rate of lung cancer is below 20%, with most patients dying from distant metastasis ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • However, the mechanism of lung cancer metastasis is poorly understood. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Tumor metastasis is characterized by cell detachment from primary tumors and invasion of recipient tissues ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of MMPs and TIMPs through integrin signaling plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis ( 5, 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • FGFBP1-mediated crosstalk between fibroblasts and pancreatic cancer cells via FGF22/FGFR2 promotes invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) facilitates degradation of the extracellular matrix, promoting the invasion of tumour cells, and is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. (jcancer.org)
  • Aberrant activation of the Hh-Gli-MMP-7 signalling axis is essential for acceleration of the progression and metastasis of human ovarian cancer, implicating its use as a novel therapeutic target of ovarian cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • With not only insidious early symptoms but also limited treatment strategies, approximately 60% of ovarian cancer patients present with distant metastasis upon initial diagnosis, and their overall 5-year relative survival rate is a miserable 46% due to clinically occult dissemination and metastasis [ 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Background: The degree of lymph node metastasis represents an important prognostic factor for cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Aim: To determine correlations between lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis or disease stage, and clarify the prognostic impact of lymphatic invasion. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Survival was compared between different degrees of lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Conclusion: Lymphatic invasion in colorectal cancer correlates well with the status of lymph node metastasis and disease stage, representing an independent prognostic factor after curative resection. (iiarjournals.org)
  • It is well-known that not only the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, but also the degree of presence, is an important prognostic factor, along with depth of tumor invasion, and is useful in determining the adjuvant chemotherapy and surveillance program ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Although the prognostic import of lymph node metastasis is widely accepted in colorectal cancer, 12 nodes or more must be examined to adequately assess the degree of lymph node metastasis ( 5 , 6 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • The present study examined correlations between lymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis or disease stage, and clarified the prognostic impact of lymphatic invasion, based on a large series and long-term follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer curatively treated. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Age and sex of patients, site, gross type, size (maximum tumor diameter), preoperative serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), depth of wall invasion, status of lymph node metastasis, histopathological differentiation, degree of lymphatic and venous invasion, and presence or absence of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were extracted from operation records and pathology reports. (iiarjournals.org)
  • AIM: To explore the feasibility of performing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) on subsets of submucosal gastric cancers that are unlikely to have regional lymph node metastasis.METHODS: A total of 105 patients underwent radical gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for submucosal gastric cancer at our hospital from January 1995 to December 1995. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • In cases where the tumor size was less than 2 cm, lymph node metastasis was found only where the depth of tumor invasion was more than 2 000 μm.CONCLUSION: MIS can be applied to submucosal gastric cancer that is less than 2 cm in size and 500 μm in depth. (wanfangdata.com.cn)
  • Bone metastasis is a frequent and often incurable complication of breast cancer causing severe bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression and hypercalcaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have focused on establishing the significance of the cell surface hyaluronan receptor CD44 in underpinning the preferential metastasis of breast cancer cells to bone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To further understand the potential significance of CD44 signalling to breast cancer metastasis, we established a tetracycline-regulated CD44 expression system in the minimally invasive, CD44-negative MCF7F cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These proteases target collagen I, a major component of the bone matrix whose degradation is a major consequence of osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are currently investigating the mechanistic basis underpinning the transcription of these proteases in breast cancer cells, and using the MDA231BO cell line to determine the in vivo significance of CD44 expression to osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The long-term objective of our research will be to determine whether CD44 expression and that of its transcriptional targets may be predictive for those breast cancer patients at higher risk of developing skeletal disease and/or may potentially lead to the development of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies to attenuate bone metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The clinical staging of prostate cancer was devised from the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) system. (medscape.com)
  • However, studies suggest that unusually high activity of the ASPM gene is related to cancer progression, spread to other parts of the body (metastasis), and recurrence. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This predict the likelihood of a later recurrence, i.e., an indicator that unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each pa- allows risk assessment for breast cancer metastasis, would be tient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. (lu.se)
  • A malignant tumor is defined by its capacity to initiate a biological phenomenon known as the metastatic cascade, a complex multi-stage process in which cell invasion precedes further cancer progression and the formation of metastases in distant organs and tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The range between the "end" points of a complex invasive metastatic process-an invasion of the primary tumor into surrounding tissues and the formation of metastatic foci-comprises several stages, the passage of which is strictly necessary for the successful development and subsequent progression of tumor growth: intravasation, survival and presence in the systemic circulation, extravasation with subsequent colonization of organs by tumor cells, and the formation of clinically detectable metastases. (wikipedia.org)
  • We extended our investigation in vivo and confirmed that mice injected with USP19 depleted cells display increased tumor-free survival, as well as a delay in the onset of the tumor formation and a significant reduction in the appearance of metastatic foci, indicating that tumor cell invasion and dissemination is impaired. (nature.com)
  • SOX4 has been revealed to induce EMT, a key process during organ development and the progression of epithelial tumors to metastatic cancers ( 9 ), via its activation of the Wnt and transforming growth factor β signaling pathways in cancer cells ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Metastatic ovarian cancer is a major clinical challenge with poor prognosis and high mortality. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The high mortality rate of this cancer is largely due to the fact that many patients present with advanced or metastatic disease ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, conventional treatment strategies such as chemotherapy and radiation are unlikely to reduce the metastatic frequency in ovarian cancer ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, we differentiate for the first time the contributions of ERBB1 and ERBB2 to the key metastatic properties of in vivo tumor cell invasion and intravasation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • About 35% of all cancer patients are defined as having metastatic disease [ 2 ], of which less than 20% patients can survive more than 5 years from the date of diagnosis [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Consistent with their increased metastatic phenotype, MDAMB231BO cells displayed enhanced invasion on HA-supplemented Matrigel and collagen I and demonstrated enhanced collagenolytic activity as demonstrated using an in vitro fluorescence-based assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intracellular domain of TbRI (TbRI-ICD) is released from the cell membrane, soluble and is transported to the nucleus in some specific forms of cancer to promote expression of genes causing invasion and metastatic growth. (ki.se)
  • The results from this prevali- the field of cancer biomarkers (11-13), and that approach was dation study showed that patients could be classified into high- adopted here to define predictive serum biomarkers associated versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with tumor relapse in breast cancer patients. (lu.se)
  • While abnormal laboratory test results are rarely the sole indicator of metastatic disease, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were incorporated into the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 2002 melanoma staging guidelines for the classification of stage IV (distant) disease. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of spheroid invasion in an organotypic culture system revealed that these "trailblazer" cells are capable of initiating collective invasion and promote non-trailblazer cell invasion, indicating a commensal relationship among subpopulations within heterogenous tumors. (jci.org)
  • MiR-326 plays an anticancer role in a variety of malignant tumors and targets different genes in glioma, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer [ 11 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A previous study demonstrated that various proteins are dysregulated in primary tumors, and are associated with breast cancer development and progression ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • With regard to cancer treatment, celastrol has been shown to exert considerable cell-killing effects and to shrink xenografted tumors in tissue and animal models of various malignancies including cancers of the prostate ( 16 - 18 ), breast ( 19 ), liver ( 20 , 21 ) and lung ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Research indicates that women with early-stage endometrial cancer who have lymphovascular space invasion on their hysterectomy specimen have more aggressive tumors that are more likely to spread to the lymphatics, more likely to recur, and are associated with poor survival. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • In the United States, we could consider a cooperative group trial evaluating the eff ect of chemotherapy in grade III tumors with lymphovascular space invasion, in order to better clarify the role chemotherapy may play in adjuvant therapy for early-stage endometrial cancer," she adds. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Fibulin-5 was silenced by promoter hypermethylation in a majority of lung cancer cell lines and primary tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Using in vivo mouse models of breast cancer, we test the effects of ERBB1 and ERBB2 inhibitors AC480 and lapatinib, ERBB1 inhibitor gefitinib, and ERBB2 inhibitor AG825 on in vivo tumor cell invasive properties in mammary fat pad tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common malignant tumors in the world ( 1 , 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • In 1995, we demonstrated the prognostic importance of lymphatic invasion in rectal cancer and advocated the subdivision of stage III (Dukes' C) tumors according to lymphatic invasion ( 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • MSLN overexpression was found in human lung tumors, lung cancer cell lines, and BSW cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of our study was to investigate the role of SNHG3 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, lncRNA SNHG3 knockdown or miR-326 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, TWIST overexpression can reverse the inhibition of lncRNA SNHG3 knockdown or miR-326 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. (hindawi.com)
  • In order to identify novel molecular targets of tumor cell migration and invasion we performed a genetic screen with an shRNA library against ubiquitination pathway-related genes. (nature.com)
  • More importantly, we demonstrated that USP19 catalytic activity is important for the control of tumor cell migration and invasion, and that its molecular mechanism of action involves LRP6, a Wnt co-receptor. (nature.com)
  • However, the effect of triptolide on migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells is still poorly understood. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we demonstrated that triptolide significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
  • Together, our research indicates that triptolide represses the migration and invasion through Cav-1/CD147/MMPs pathway in PCa cells, which gives a better understanding of triptolide in clinical aggressive prostate cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Shikonin inhibited TPC-1 cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. (medscimonit.com)
  • The results demonstrate that zerumbone inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but represses the EMT process via inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (ajol.info)
  • Zhang H, Wang Y, Chen T, Zhang Y, Xu R, Wang W, Cheng M, Chen Q. Aberrant Activation Of Hedgehog Signalling Promotes Cell Migration And Invasion Via Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 In Ovarian Cancer Cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Liu Y , Sun M , Zhang B , Zhao W , . KIF18A improves migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through inhibiting PTEN signaling. (aging-us.com)
  • In addition, the scratch wound assay and Transwell assay were conducted to detect the effect of KIF18A on the migration and invasion of CRC cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Both scratch wound assay and Transwell indicated that the migration and invasion of CRC could be promoted by KIF18A . (aging-us.com)
  • The results of Western blot illustrated that KIF18A could forward the migration and invasion of CRC cells, and inhibit PTEN , which promoted the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus bringing about the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 . (aging-us.com)
  • Because colorectal cancer's migration and invasion are one of main factors to the severity of the disease, exploring the molecular mechanisms of proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells will contribute to the development of targeted therapy [ 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • PRMT5 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion through the E2F pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ectopic expression of RhoE was found to induce membrane ruffle formation, increased migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo and altered the relative levels of GTP-bound Rac1 and RhoA. (bmj.com)
  • This type of cancer is associated with aggressive behavior and an overall poor prognosis 16 . (nature.com)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB1) and related family member HER-2/ neu (ERBB2) are often overexpressed in aggressive breast cancers and their overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing the most aggressive form of breast cancer with currently no targeted therapy available, is characterized by an inflammatory and hypoxic tumor microenvironment. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway by Glioma-associated oncogene (Gli) transcription factors is involved in the aggressive progression of cancers, including ovarian cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • What's more, three of the L1 RNA transcripts found in the colon cancer cells were only found in the most aggressive cancers, suggesting that they may be linked to the progression to a more invasive type of tumour. (newscientist.com)
  • Aggressive breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease caused by a variety of distinct cell-intrinsic genetic alterations in mammary epithelial cells, leading to vastly heterogenic disease manifestation in individual patients and predominantly affecting patient prognosis and treatment options [ 14 ]. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we showed that USP19 overexpression is a surrogate prognostic marker of distant relapse in patients with early breast cancer. (nature.com)
  • In addition, knockdown of miR‑320 in breast cancer cell lines promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, whereas miR‑320 overexpression had the opposite effect. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This conundrum brings to question whether cancer ST6GAL1 overexpression is beneficial or ultimately detrimental to long-term patient outcomes and highlights the incomplete mechanistic understanding of how ST6GAL1 is involved in cancer progression. (nature.com)
  • SNHG3 is a new type of lncRNA, which may be related to Alzheimer's disease and colorectal cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • SNHG3 was identified as a competitive endogenous RNA molecule to promote the malignant progression of colorectal cancer [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Lymphovascular invasion is a traditional tool for estimating the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Lymphovascular invasion is a traditional factor used in estimating the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer ( 9 - 11 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • However, we have never known the influences of KIF18A on colorectal cancer (CRC). (aging-us.com)
  • The study is designed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of KIF18A on the progression of colorectal cancer. (aging-us.com)
  • Based on the Global Cancer Statistics Report, colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The abnormal upregulation of snhg3 in ovarian cancer is closely related to poor prognosis and malignant progression [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Altogether, we demonstrate that RNF112 suppresses gastric cancer progression by ubiquitinating FOXM1 and highlight the RNF112/FOXM1 axis serves as both prognosis biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer. (jci.org)
  • The mRNA levels of Gli2 and MMP-7 in normal ovarian tissues and cancerous tissues in various stages together with the corresponding clinical information were acquired from the indicated GEO datasets to elucidate associations between MMP-7 expression and cancer progression and prognosis. (jcancer.org)
  • Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) is frequently overexpressed in several forms of cancer including prostate cancer and this has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis. (ki.se)
  • The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to prognostic indices, such as the Nottingham Prognostic Index (6, 7), assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and have proven valuable in identifying patients with poor prognosis. (lu.se)
  • Thus, CSMD1 and SUSD4 act as tumor suppressors while expression of COMP is related to poor prognosis and recurrence of breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, increased expression of the CysLT1R in colon cancer patient material is correlated with a poorer survival prognosis. (lu.se)
  • View of the Peace Palace which houses World Court where Ukraine's legal battle against Russia over allegations of genocide used by Moscow to justify its 2022 invasion, resumed in The Hague, Netherlands, Monday, Sept. 18, 2023. (wytv.com)
  • Russia imported more than $200 million in technology from the three companies in the year following the invasion in February 2022, customs data obtained by B4Ukraine and vetted by The AP showed. (yourerie.com)
  • Predict the presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), using uterine factors such as tumor diameter (TD), grade, and depth of myometrial invasion (MMI). (medsci.org)
  • For a study published in Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. Beavis and colleagues compared progression-free and overall survival in women with stage IA-II endometrial cancer with endometrioid histology with lymphovascular space invasion who were treated with surveillance alone, radiation (external beam and/or vaginal brachytherapy) alone, or systemic chemotherapy with or without radiation. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Additional Research Needed According to Dr. Beavis, the study findings suggest a potential role for chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting for early-stage, high-grade endometrial cancer with lymphovascular space invasion. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Canonical mesenchymal markers were not sufficient to distinguish trailblazer cells from non-trailblazer cells, suggesting that defining the molecular underpinnings of the trailblazer phenotype could reveal collective invasion-specific mechanisms. (jci.org)
  • To identify novel molecular targets within the ubiquitination pathway that positively regulate migration we conducted a loss-of-function genetic screen using an epithelial cell line derived from human triple-negative breast cancer (MDAMB231) infected with a pooled shRNA interference library. (nature.com)
  • In the present study, the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR‑320 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression were investigated. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, an improved understanding of the functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of these proteins, particularly in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, may provide novel insights into the breast tumorigenesis and progression, and enable the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutics. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To understand the molecular mechanism of SOX4 in breast cancer development and progression, the present study aimed to identify miRNAs that regulate the expression of SOX4, which revealed miR-320 as a potential candidate. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To that end, Dr. Beavis notes the need for future research focused on individualizing treatment for early-stage endometrial cancer based on tumor and molecular characteristics. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • In summary, co-culture with TPSCs induced molecular changes associated with EMT in pancreatic cancer cells, regardless of differentiation status, and the organotypic model demonstrated the influence of microenvironmental factors, such as glucose, stellate cells and macrophages, on pancreatic cancer cell invasion. (lu.se)
  • That's the conclusion of a study that found that some recurrent DNA sequences previously thought to be nothing more than molecular parasites appear to be active, but only in breast and colon cancer cells. (newscientist.com)
  • A molecular role for lysyl oxidase in breast cancer invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • We are studying molecular mechanisms responsible for these phenomena with aim to improve diagnostics of breast and prostate cancer but also to provide novel ideas for treatment. (lu.se)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of shikonin on cell migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells of the TPC-1 cell line in vitro and expression levels of the phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 ( PTEN ) and DNA methyltransferase 1 ( DNMT1 ) genes. (medscimonit.com)
  • The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation of TPC-1 papillary thyroid cancer cells, and the normal thyroid cells, HTori-3, in vitro . (medscimonit.com)
  • To better mimic the TNBC microenvironment in vitro, we established a 3D co-culture by combining the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 with primary murine cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and type I collagen. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The present study investigated the influence by the microenvironment on pancreatic cancer cell invasion in vitro. (lu.se)
  • In prior in vitro studies we have demonstrated that depletion of CD44 expression in breast cancer cells attenuates their adhesion to bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally RhoE siRNA in the glioma cell line U251 inhibited cell invasion in vitro. (bmj.com)
  • Tumor-native ST6GAL1 promotes tumor cell behaviors such as invasion and resistance to cell stress and chemo- and radio-treatments. (nature.com)
  • MMP-7 facilitated the invasion and migration of ovarian tumour cells, indicating its key function in ovarian cancer progression. (jcancer.org)
  • In the local tumour microenvironment, elevated glucose levels, the presence of tumour-associated stellate cells and macrophages are hypothesised to promote the tumour progression and invasion. (lu.se)
  • After co-culture with tumour-associated pancreatic stellate cells (TPSCs), pancreatic cancer cells displayed up to 8-fold reduction in levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin and ZO-1, while β-catenin and vimentin levels were increased. (lu.se)
  • Since L1 elements have previously been found on DNA next to or even within some tumour-suppressor genes, Tufarelli suggests that they might influence the progression of cancer by reducing, or down-regulating, the expression of these genes. (newscientist.com)
  • A property shared by several types of tumour cells is the ability to form structures known as invadopodia, which drive the invasive ability of brain cancer cells. (edu.au)
  • We have observed invadopodia in glioma cell lines and primary tumour cells derived from ex vivo cultured GBM specimens, suggesting a role for invadopodia in glioma invasion. (edu.au)
  • Although SNHG3 has been recognized as a carcinogenic gene in a series of human cancers, the mechanism of SNHG3 in GC remains elusive. (hindawi.com)
  • The sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 that adds α2-6 linked sialic acids to N-glycans of cell surface and secreted glycoproteins is prominently associated with many human cancers. (nature.com)
  • In the current study, the anti‑invasive activities and associated signaling pathways of celastrol were determined in ovarian cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To investigate the effects of zerumbone on cell invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the potential signaling pathway involved in ovarian cancer cells. (ajol.info)
  • Using gefitinib, ERBB1 inhibition rapidly inhibits tumor cell motility and invasion but not intravasation, whereas ERBB2 inhibition by AG825 rapidly blocks intravasation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Rho family members are known to regulate malignant transformation motility and invasion of cancer cells, but the clinicopathological significance of Rnd3 remains unclear. (bmj.com)
  • This article describes the key differences between the variants of cancer cell migration, the role of epithelial-mesenchymal and related transitions, as well as the significance of different tumor factors and stromal molecules in tumor invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2014, the American Cancer Society reported 21,550 cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma and 14,600 disease-related mortalities, indicating that 69% percent of all patients with ovarian carcinoma succumbed to their disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Epithelial ovarian cancer is the major ovarian malignancy and comprises five histological subtypes: serous, mucinous, endometrioid, transitional and clear cell [ 3 , 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Invasion is the process by which cancer cells directly extend and penetrate into neighboring tissues in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • There exist two main patterns of cancer cell invasion by cell migration: collective cell migration and individual cell migration, by which tumor cells overcome barriers of the extracellular matrix and spread into surrounding tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results of a reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that miR‑320 was frequently downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, miR-320 was demonstrated to be frequently downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • One reason for the extensive application of traditional medicine in modern cancer therapy is that, in comparison with chemotherapy, natural agents are less toxic to normal tissues and, therefore, patients maintain tolerance to them ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • FOXM1 exhibits inverse correlation with RNF112 in gastric cancer tissues. (jci.org)
  • A ) Representative multicolor immunofluorescence pictures of FOXM1 and RNF112 in gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding normal tissues. (jci.org)
  • I ) Correlation of the expression levels between FOXM1 and RNF112 in the gastric cancer tissues ( n = 110). (jci.org)
  • Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in multiple ovarian cancers, benign tumours and normal tissues to evaluate Gli2 and MMP-7 protein expression. (jcancer.org)
  • IHC analysis demonstrated abnormally increased Gli2 and MMP-7 expression levels in benign tumours and ovarian cancer tissues. (jcancer.org)
  • Our studies demonstrate that CD44 signalling regulates collagenase activity in breast cancer cells underpinning their invasion through matrix substrates that are enriched within breast tissues and organs to which this disease preferentially metastasises. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When silenced for the gap junction and tumor suppressor Cx43, Cx43-KO-S1 cells recapitulate pre-neoplastic phenotypes observed in tissues at risk for breast cancer in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • Two types of migrating tumor cells, mesenchymal (fibroblast-like) and amoeboid, can be observed in various patterns of cancer cell invasion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor cells can engage in a process called collective invasion, in which cohesive groups of cells invade through interstitial tissue. (jci.org)
  • Breast cancer cell lines contain subpopulations of invasive trailblazer and noninvasive opportunist cells. (jci.org)
  • Cancer cells depart their normal microenvironment from the primary tumor site through complicated and multistep processes disseminate and colonize distant organs [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Meanwhile, triptolide treatment combined with Cav-1 knockdown in PCa cells enhanced the effects of anti-migration and anti-invasion, and those effects were restored following Cav-1-rescued. (nih.gov)
  • Using this method, combined with proteomic profiling, we show that PC3 human prostate cancer organoids secrete EVs with previously undefined protein cargo, which substantially differs from EV cargo of 2D cultured cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • It is reportedly involved in many physiological functions of cells, including apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This model is a multiscale haptotaxis advection-reaction-diffusion system that describes the macroscopic dynamics of two types of cancer cells coupled with microscopic dynamics of the cells adhesion on the extracellular matrix. (arxiv.org)
  • The combined presence of TPSCs and M2-like macrophages induced invasion of the non-invasive BxPC-3 cells. (lu.se)
  • To investigate if there might be differences in the transcription of L1 elements in cancerous cells, Tufarelli and her colleagues compared RNA transcripts in human breast cancer cell lines with those found in normal breast cells. (newscientist.com)
  • They found two L1 RNA transcripts that were present in both cell lines and five that were present only in the breast cancer cells. (newscientist.com)
  • A similar analysis on colon cancer cell lines and normal colon cells also revealed some L1 elements that were only transcribed in the cancerous cells. (newscientist.com)
  • Together these experiments suggest a physiological role for this receptor in promoting the entry of breast cancer cells into the bone microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Removal of tetracycline from the growth media resulted in time-dependent increases in CD44 expression in MCF7F cells, promoting increased cell invasion and migration responses in addition to potentiating the adhesion of MCF7F cells to BMECs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequent microarray analysis was conducted using this expression system to identify CD44/HA-regulated genes in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have found that the TbRI undergoes proteolytic cleavage in cancer cells in a manner dependent on the ubiquitin-ligase tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). (ki.se)
  • Migration or invasion of tumor cells into normal tissue is a principal cause of mortality and is thought to be a multi-factorial process, consisting of cell interaction with ECM and adjacent cells, as well as accompanying biochemical processes supportive of active cell movement. (bmj.com)
  • The ASPM gene is upregulated in several types of cancer, which means that it produces more of the ASPM protein than usual in cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is unclear why the ASPM gene is abnormally active in these cancers or what effects the extra ASPM protein may have in cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • may play a role in eliminating early cancers or premalignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These mechanisms are often used by cancer cells to surive and spread. (lu.se)
  • The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommends against population-based PSA screening for prostate cancer on the grounds that it reduces prostate cancer mortality at the expense of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency have an increased cancer risk, particularly those cancers associated with viral infection, kidney cancer, and melanoma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) supports the concept that most melanoma recurrences are diagnosed clinically. (medscape.com)
  • Elevated LDH levels are associated with worse survival in this subgroup and remain a powerful predictor of survival in the 2009 American Joint Commission for Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual (7th Ed) for melanoma of the skin. (medscape.com)
  • The melanoma guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) do not recommend sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with in situ melanoma (stage 0). (medscape.com)
  • CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed to detect cell proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumor cell dissemination in cancer patients is associated with a significant reduction in their survival and quality of life. (nature.com)
  • We identified the deubiquitinase USP19 and demonstrated that its silencing reduces the migratory and invasive potential of highly invasive breast cancer cell lines. (nature.com)
  • Cell migration was detected by wound healing and Transwell assays, while cell invasion was detected by a Matrigel‑coated Transwell method. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For example, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-2 and −9, have been shown to be typical NF-κB target proteins that are responsible for extracellular matrix breakdown and cell invasion ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It inhibited lung cancer cell invasion and down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), which promoted lung cancer cell invasion. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Knockdown of fibulin-5 was sufficient to stimulate cell invasion and MMP-7 expression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These experiments temporally and molecularly separate two key stages in tumor cell entry into blood vessels: invasion and intravasation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Wound healing assay was used to determine Caov-3 cell migration while cell invasion was evaluated using Transwell assay. (ajol.info)
  • A 3D organotypic model showed that TPSCs stimulated pancreatic cancer cell. (lu.se)
  • A 3D organotypic model showed that TPSCs stimulated pancreatic cancer cell invasion, both as single cell (PANC-1) and cohort (MIAPaCa-2) invasion. (lu.se)
  • High glucose conditions further enhanced changes in EMT markers as well as the cancer cell invasion. (lu.se)
  • The pRb-E2F pathway is a critical point of regulation in the cell cycle and loss of control of the pathway is a hallmark of cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we have explored the functional role of the PRMT5-E2F1 axis and highlight its influence on different aspects of cancer cell biology including viability, migration, invasion and adherence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Extracellular ST6GAL1, present in cancer exosomes or the freely soluble recombinant sialyltransferase, compensates for insufficient intrinsic ST6GAL1 by boosting cancer cell proliferation and increasing invasiveness. (nature.com)
  • It is within the cell-autonomous context that ST6GAL1 involvement in cancer progression has been interpreted. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms, which are poorly understood, are also believed to contribute to disease progression and the heterogeneous genetic mutations with diverse presentations. (nature.com)
  • Our recent experiments have also determined that the expression of CD44 is elevated in a bone-homing breast cancer subline MDAMB231BO relative to that detected in the parental MDAMB231 breast cancer cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative real-time PCR, immuno-blotting and ELISA-based experiments have demonstrated that the transcript and protein expression of cathepsin K and MT1MMP increase in response to CD44/HA signalling in a panel of CD44-expressing breast cancer cell lines (MDA231, MDA157 and MCF7F). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 It also occurs in neutropenic cancer patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant or solid organ transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 1 ] More than 90% of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] The treatment of vulvar cancer in this article focuses on squamous cell histology and does not include the treatment of preinvasive disease. (medscape.com)
  • Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200031, China. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Pancreatic cancer is associated with a highly abundant stroma and low-grade inflammation. (lu.se)
  • However, it is currently unknown how the development of the primary tumor and onset of invasion affect the secretion and characteristics of EVs. (biorxiv.org)
  • As a series of lawyers laid out Moscow's objections to the case, the leader of Russia's legal team at the International Court of Justice, Gennady Kuzmin, told the 16-judge panel that Ukraine's case that seeks to halt the invasion "is, hopelessly flawed and at odds with the longstanding jurisprudence of this court. (wytv.com)
  • Sen. Bob Menendez, the head of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, asked the country's top three oilfield services companies, including SLB, to explain why they continued doing business in Russia after its invasion of Ukraine, and demanded that they commit to "cease all investments" in Russia's fossil fuel infrastructure. (yourerie.com)
  • He noted that President Joe Biden and Congress had imposed " wide-ranging sanctions related to Russia's violation of another nation's sovereignty," while Russia's invasion was "particularly heinous," its soldiers committing "tens of thousands of atrocities. (yourerie.com)
  • Older children who were too sick to go home or flee the capital with their families following Russia's invasion were also sheltering in the basement. (yahoo.com)
  • Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignancy in the world [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A total of 105 patients underwent radical gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for submucosal gastric cancer at our hospital from January 1995 to December 1995. (nih.gov)
  • MIS can be applied to submucosal gastric cancer that is less than 2 cm in size and 500 microm in depth. (nih.gov)
  • Of note, mechanism study revealed that RNF112 directly ubiquitinates FOXM1 in gastric cancer, resulting in a decreased FOXM1 transcriptional network and suppressing the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer. (jci.org)
  • B and C ) The association between the expression of FOXM1 ( B ) or RNF112 ( C ) and TNM stages in patients with gastric cancer ( n = 110). (jci.org)
  • Develop a predictive model that could serve as a marker of LVSI in women with endometrial cancer (EC). (medsci.org)
  • Using the modified risk index of LVSI, it is possible to predict the presence of LVSI in women with endometrioid endometrial cancer. (medsci.org)
  • Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract in developed countries [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • In Korea, the incidence of endometrial cancer has been increasing, and it is now the most common gynecological cancer [ 3 , 4 ]. (medsci.org)
  • We therefore formed a collaboration between eight institutions, combining data from the prospective endometrial cancer databases of each. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • In collaboration with SciLifeLab DDD we have generated potential therapeutic antibodies to target this pathway which we are investigating the function of, in our established preclinical models for prostate cancer. (ki.se)
  • Advocates of screening for prostate cancer believe that early detection is crucial to finding organ-confined disease and to reducing the likelihood of mortality. (medscape.com)
  • However, for many cancers early detection increases the potential for cure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concluded there is not enough evidence to recommend for or against routine screening (total body examination by a primary care physician or patient self-examination) for early detection of skin cancers in the adult general population. (medscape.com)
  • A malignant glioma is a type of brain cancer which caused approximately 2.3% of cancer-related deaths in the USA with over 22,000 new patients expected annually. (edu.au)
  • Enhanced proliferation and invasion capacity were also observed. (cdc.gov)
  • Necrosis is the result of invasion of blood vessels and subsequent thrombosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Young cancer patients at Kyiv's largest children's hospital are being taken over the border into Poland as Vladimir Putin's forces continue to target the city. (yahoo.com)
  • 0.001), and presence of cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.002) were identified as the risk factors for LVSI. (medsci.org)
  • NF-κB controls the expression of an array of genes involved in multiple features of cancer, including proliferation, survival angiogenesis and invasion. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, high MMP-7 levels were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) and poor progression-free survival (PFS) in ovarian cancer patients. (jcancer.org)
  • Survival curve to biochemical recurrence of a cohort of prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy according to the presence of perineural invasion (PNI). (jnccn.org)
  • Clinicopathological factors including lymphatic invasion were assessed by uni- and multivariate analyses to determine factors affecting survival. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Lymphatic invasion can be used for evaluating tumor aggressiveness and estimating patient survival, irrespective of the actual number of positive lymph nodes found. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Survival from breast cancer has improved during the past dec- markerserumlevelshavebeenusedpreviously,e.g.,incalculating ades in the Western world. (lu.se)
  • In addition, MMP-7 can potentially serve as a prognostic marker of ovarian cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • The risk of developing distant strated enough prognostic accuracy in breast cancer (10). (lu.se)
  • For example, curcumin shows considerable prevention effects when used before chemotherapy in Phase I trials in colon cancer patients ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Prolonged inflammatory conditions of the GI have been suggested to increase the risk for developing colon cancer. (lu.se)
  • As a lethal gynaecological malignancy, ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among females worldwide [ 1 , 2 ], with an incidence rate ranked third among all malignant tumours. (jcancer.org)
  • Lymphatic invasion was calculated as an average and the degree was also determined (Ly0-3). (iiarjournals.org)
  • In patients with triple-negative breast cancer, expression of these 7 genes correlated with poor outcome. (jci.org)
  • Therefore, miRNAs are now considered to be important in the development of biomarkers, and may be targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients ( 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 116 consecutive patients treated with radical prostatectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed in our institution between July 2010 and December 2019. (jnccn.org)
  • However, those who do not advocate screening worry that screening will detect cancers that are not biologically significant (ie, in patients who will die with prostate cancer rather than from it). (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] have issued guidelines that differ on specific points but agree on the value of prostate cancer screening in selected populations, for patients who agree to screening after a discussion of the risks and benefits. (medscape.com)
  • Retrospective study identified 55 patients with pathology -proven bladder cancer who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor followed by 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging between September 2012 and April 2019 in our hospital . (bvsalud.org)
  • A National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) analysis of 1797 patients with vulvar cancer who underwent extirpative surgery with confirmed inguinal nodal involvement treated with adjuvant radiotherapy concluded that the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a 38% reduction in mortality risk. (medscape.com)
  • However, a simple way to screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • The samples were collected from breast cancer patients rent procedures. (lu.se)
  • Les concentrations sériques de sCD40L circulant et d'interleukine 10 circulante ont été analysées à l'aide de la méthode immuno-enzymatique chez 30 patients positifs pour le VHC avec un CHC, chez 30 patients patients positifs pour le VHC avec une cirrhose du foie, et chez 30 volontaires d'âge correspondant en bonne santé avec des anticorps anti-VHC négatifs servant de groupe témoin. (who.int)
  • Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer remains to mount up. (intechopen.com)
  • These results indicate that tumor suppresses the function of miR-326 in lung cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • The high mortality rate of lung cancer is largely due to the spread of disease to other organs. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Dame Diana Rigg wanted to end her own life while suffering from terminal lung cancer, her daughter has revealed. (yahoo.com)
  • MSLN knockdown resulted in significantly decreased invasion, migration, colonies on soft agar, and tumor sphere formation. (cdc.gov)
  • RNAi mediated depletion of CD44 and MT1-MMP expression and pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin K attenuated CD44 promoted invasion through a collagen I matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, PAs serve as promising agents with presumably multiple target sites to combat inflammatory and hypoxia-driven cancer, such as TNBC, with a different mode of action than the currently applied chemotherapeutic drugs. (bath.ac.uk)
  • A ) Representative images of breast cancer spheroids in organotypic culture stained as indicated ( n = 3). (jci.org)
  • Altogether, these findings demonstrate that USP19 might represent a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. (nature.com)
  • Collectively, these results indicated that miR‑320 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in females worldwide, accounting for 29% of the total new cancer cases and 14% of the total cancer-associated mortalities in 2016 ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Differential expression of miRNAs has been widely described in breast cancers, and suggests that certain miRNAs, including miR-206 ( 19 ), miR-129 ( 20 ), miR-200 ( 21 ) and miR-34 ( 22 ), may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in breast cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Research funded by Breast Cancer Campaign. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are studying these processes in relation to breast and prostate cancer as well as leukemias and lymphomas. (lu.se)
  • Further, we study I detail some novel complement regulators such as CSMD1, SUSD4 and COMP which are all also involved in breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • Over-expression of miR-183-5p or miR-492 triggers invasion and proliferation and loss of polarity in non-neoplastic breast epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Over-expression of miR-183-5p or miR-492, therefore, induces pre-neoplastic phenotypes similar to those reported upon Cx43 loss, and may act as oncomiRs and possible biomarkers of increased breast cancer risk. (cdc.gov)
  • If this 'junk' DNA does turn out to play a role in cancer then we could be at the tip of the iceberg in understanding a completely new mechanism behind the disease," says Cristina Tufarelli at the University of Nottingham in the UK. (newscientist.com)
  • Moreover, we present evidence supporting the existence novel but yet uncharacterized cofactors in the exosome-like particles that potently amplify extrinsic ST6GAL1 action, highlighting a previously unknown mechanism linking this enzyme and cancer pathobiology. (nature.com)
  • A similar situation was observed in post-surgical variables, with significant differences between the groups with and without PNI for pathological ISUP grade, seminal vesicle invasion, positive surgical margins, post-surgical clinical stage and post-surgical PSA. (jnccn.org)
  • The key factor of cancer associated morbidity and mortality is principally attributable to the development of metastases. (intechopen.com)
  • Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies with a high case-to-mortality ratio ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Estimated incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Early-stage vulvar cancer is primarily treated surgically, with radical local excision with ipsilateral or bilateral inguinal and femoral lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
  • Previously, it has been demonstrated that certain transcriptional targets of SOX4 are associated with cancer development and progression and the processing of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previous studies have suggested that miRNAs are involved in a number of types of cancer ( 17 , 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as novel noninvasive cancer biomarkers. (cdc.gov)