Cancer adenomatous polyposis coli protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although APC -related desmoid tumors are commonly associated with a form of colon cancer called familial adenomatous polyposis (described below), APC gene mutations can cause tumors in individuals without this inherited disease. (medlineplus.gov)
More than 700 mutations in the APC gene have been identified in families with the classic and attenuated types of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the APC gene are also responsible for a disorder called Turcot syndrome, which is closely related to familial adenomatous polyposis. (medlineplus.gov)
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant disease, is a colon cancer predisposition syndrome that manifests as a large number of adenomatous polyps. (spandidos-publications.com)
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder with an incidence of approximately 3-10/100,000 ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Gardner syndrome is a rare variant of familial adenomatous polyposis - a condition characterized by multiple benign tumors in the colon and rectum that can eventually turn into colorectal cancer. (bhaskarhealth.com)
Defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. (nih.gov)
Brain tumors in individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis: a cancer registry experience and pooled case report analysis. (childrensmercy.org)
Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are the basis of familial adenomatous polyposis and the majority of sporadic colorectal cancer. (ox.ac.uk)

Mutations in the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are responsible for the majority of cases of FAP. (spandidos-publications.com)
The first genetic alteration, found in 85% of adenomas, are mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (MC) gene. (um.es)

The APC gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein is also implicated in beta-catenin signaling. (embl.de)

Humans have 2 Siah proteins, Siah1 and Siah2, derived from the SIAH1 and SIAH2 genes, respectively. (aacrjournals.org)
This pathway describes progression of a serrated precursor lesion, often followed by the onset of epigenetic instability involving promoter methylation and silencing of key tumour suppressor genes, and accounts for 15%-20% of sporadic colorectal cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
This study is the first report that assessed the potential impact of L. rhamnosus , especially its supernatant on esophageal cancer and Wnt signaling pathway genes. (hindawi.com)
In the presence of Wnt signals, the Wnt proteins bind to (frizzled) frizzled receptors ( FZDs ) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein ( LRP ) receptors, leading to the stabilization of β-catenin , its transfer to the nucleus, and the activation of target genes. (hindawi.com)
Loss of APC function results in increased level of β-catenin and activation of growth-promoting genes via the increased β-catenin/Tcf-4 transcription complexes, subsequently leading to the development of adenomatous colorectal polyps at a young age ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
According to The Cancer Genome Atlas Network, 16% of all CRC have been identified as hypermutated and among these, APC , TP53 , KRAS , PIK3CA , FBXW7 , SMAD4 , TCF7L2 and NRAS were found to be the most frequently mutated genes. (coloncanceratlas.org)
Identification of sequence variants in genes has advanced our understanding of how cancer develops, progresses and how these sequence variants can be targeted for a cure. (coloncanceratlas.org)
In the present study, the effect of MSG on cell viability and its effect on expression of APC , BECN1 , and TP53 genes in SW620 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines were studied. (scielo.br)
Aberrations of AR, erythroblast transformation-specific ( ETS ) genes, Tumor protein 53 (TP53), and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occurred in 40%-60% of 150 mCRPC cases in a recent study. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Recent evidence suggests that plakoglobin may suppress tumorigenesis and metastasis by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of oncogenic signaling, interactions with various proteins involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and the regulation of the expression of genes involved in these processes. (oncotarget.com)
Aberrant TCF-β-catenin signaling is also evident in many cancers, and results in altered expression of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. (tocris.com)
Independent experiments confirmed several target genes, including PLOD2 , HADH , LCOR and REEP1 as non-canonical target genes in various colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
It is now clear that Armadillo and beta-catenin bind directly to members of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor subfamily of HMG box DNA-binding proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors that regulate Wingless/Wnt responsive genes in both Drosophila and vertebrates. (embl.de)

Siah ubiquitin ligases play important roles in a number of signaling pathways involved in the progression and spread of cancer in cell-based models, but their role in tumor progression remains controversial. (aacrjournals.org)
Cancer cell lines have been used to identify several roles for Siah in cancer progression pathways, including the Ras, p53, and hypoxic response signaling pathways and are reviewed in depth elsewhere (reviewed in ref. 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Generally speaking, signal transduction pathways in the initiation and progression of cancer are essential. (hindawi.com)
The Wnt pathway is one of the most critical signaling pathways activated by mutation in many cancers [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cancer-preventing strategies of these beneficial bacteria such as binding to carcinogens and degrading them, stimulating anti-cancer enzymes, and preventing the conversion of procarcinogens to carcinogens, production of beneficial compounds that act as signaling molecules affecting the immune system, cell death, and proliferation, and interference with cell signaling pathways are reported [ 16 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Although Wnt5a has been implicated in various pathological conditions, its role in cancer is ambiguous and might involve methyl modifications, distinct mRNA isoforms, as well as different downstream pathways. (cams.cn)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
G-proteins are key elements of these pathways in the regulation of cellular responses by transmission of signals from receptors to effector proteins. (neurotransmitter.net)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)

This mutation changes the sequence of the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) in the resulting APC protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Although most people with FAP will develop colorectal cancer, the number of polyps and the time frame in which they become cancerous depend on the location of the mutation in the APC gene. (medlineplus.gov)
This mutation replaces the amino acid isoleucine with the amino acid lysine at position 1307 in the APC protein (written as Ile1307Lys or I1307K). (medlineplus.gov)
The BRAF oncogene is an integral component of the MAP kinase pathway, and an activating V600E mutation occurs in 15% of sporadic colorectal cancer. (hindawi.com)
This review highlights the importance of the BRAF mutation occurring in colorectal cancer stratified for molecular background and discusses its prognostic and clinical significance. (hindawi.com)
In colorectal cancer, the presence of a BRAF mutation can be associated with an aggressive phenotype and is a key prognostic biomarker for poor outcome particularly in late-stage disease. (hindawi.com)
The BRAF V600E mutation occurs early in tumourigenesis and is highly correlated with the serrated neoplasia pathway of colorectal cancer. (hindawi.com)
This latter pathway involves the previously well-defined series of genetic aberrations such as APC mutation and chromosomal instability and accounts for the majority of colorectal cancer [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recent studies have also found that presence of the BRAF mutation has direct implications for clinical management as along with TNM stage, BRAF mutational status was the only molecular variable that independently accounted for poor survival [ 13 ], and studies have found that BRAF mutant cancers are refractory to anti-EGRF therapy [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
I have not yet talked to my doctor or oncologist, but from Margo's and Kristy's very helpful comments I wonder if a bilateral mastectomy is a prudent and approved course of treatment for someone with this gene mutation, while not as severe as other gene mutations, and with a strong family history of breast cancer. (breastcancer.org)
I have a very strong family history of breast cancer and tested positive for NBN mutation. (breastcancer.org)
Disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product. (nih.gov)
By analogy with SMAD4, CDX2 is also a candidate for somatic mutation in sporadic colorectal cancer. (ox.ac.uk)

Most APC gene mutations that cause sporadic desmoid tumors lead to an abnormally short APC protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients who suffer from FAP also have increased risk of extra-colonic manifestations, including duodenal polyposis, sebaceous cysts, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) and tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland and brain ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Unresponsiveness may result, at least in part, because these therapies only target cancer cells and neglect the complex microenvironment around tumors that undergo drastic changes during disease development [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
71 Clusterin is a small heat shock glycoprotein overexpressed in most of the solid tumors, which promotes apoptosis by binding to various molecules such as BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) 72 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)−1. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
We collected data on colorectal tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas. (nih.gov)
PJS is autosomal-dominant condition caused by mutations of STK11, characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and predisposition to a range of epithelial cancers: including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, breast, ovarian cancers and sex cord tumors with annular tubules). (cancerindex.org)

BRAF mutant/MSS cancers form a distinct colorectal cancer entity that shares clinical and molecular features with both BRAF mutant/MSI serrated pathway cancers and the BRAF wild-type cancers of the conventional pathway [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
2003. Caspase-8 and apoptosis-inducing factor mediate a cytochrome c-independent pathway of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells induced by the dietary phytochemical chlorophyllin. . (oregonstate.edu)
Wnt and Rho GTPase signaling Rabbit polyclonal to NGFR and their discussion In the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, most -catenin in the cytoplasm can be sequestered in a oligomeric complicated of casein kinase, axin, the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor proteins (APC) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) [16]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
Recent large scale sequencing analyses also have highlighted the predominance of large number of CRC patients carrying sequence variants in proteins involved in Wnt signaling pathway. (coloncanceratlas.org)
75,76 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits apoptosis by activating NF-κB and its downstream pathway, including IL6 and IL8, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, whereas it promotes apoptosis in androgen-dependent cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
β-catenin protein is an integral part of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. (tocris.com)
Mutations in β-catenin, axin and APC have been discovered in numerous cancers, and other members of the canonical pathway may also contribute to misregulation of Wnt signaling. (tocris.com)
This article presents the roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer and current therapeutic strategies involving this pathway. (chemdiv.com)
Promoter hypermethylation is an alternative pathway for gene silencing in neoplastic cells and a promising cancer detection marker. (nih.gov)
miR-135b contributes to colorectal malignancy pathogenesis by regulating adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene manifestation and the Wnt pathway activity [29,30], and its manifestation levels correlate with the estrogen receptor status in breast malignancy [26]. (rawveronica.com)

The BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B) gene encodes a protein that belongs to the Raf family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (hindawi.com)
The disease occurs due to the mutations in Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene - a tumor suppressor gene that encodes proteins responsible for controlling the cell division and growth. (bhaskarhealth.com)

In canonical Wnt signaling, most -catenin in the cytoplasm can be sequestered within an oligomeric complicated of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), casein kinase (CK), axin and adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor proteins (APC). (exposed-skin-care.net)
The level of free β-catenin is low in normal cells, since the protein is sequestered in a complex, which includes the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, a serine threonine glycogen kinase (GSK-3β) and conductin or Axin, leading to degradation of β-catenin by proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)
these in turn inhibit the destruction complex responsible for degrading β-catenin, which includes GSK-3 , adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and axin. (tocris.com)

In the absence of Wnt signals, the cytoplasmic catenin beta-1 ( β-catenin ) is associated with a complex including auxin, glycogen synthase kinase 3 ( GSK-3 ), and adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) (the APC protein acts as the primary regulator of β-catenin function). (hindawi.com)

Circulating tumour cells (CTC) and tumour-related methylated DNA in blood have been separately assessed for their utility as a marker for subclinical metastasis in breast cancer. (uantwerpen.be)
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor--genetics, function and disease. (ox.ac.uk)

Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAPRE2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Adenomatous polyposis coli protein is a protein in humans that is encoded by APC gene. (cusabio.com)

The APC protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it keeps cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled way. (medlineplus.gov)
Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) on chromosome 5q22.2 are responsible for the most cases of FAP. (spandidos-publications.com)
Since Scribble has been shown to have tumor suppressor properties, this structure could serve as a boon for cancer research. (sbgrid.org)
In these roles, it binds to cadherins, Tcf-family transcription factors, and the tumor suppressor gene product Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC). (embl.de)

Plakoglobin (also known as γ-catenin) is a member of the Armadillo family of proteins and a paralog of β-catenin. (oncotarget.com)
How plakoglobin acts as a growth/metastasis inhibitory protein has remained, until recently, unclear. (oncotarget.com)
At the adherens junction in epithelia, the C-terminal domain of E-cadherin interacts, in a mutually exclusive manner, with β-catenin or γ-catenin (plakoglobin), which then interacts with α-catenin, an actin-binding protein. (oncotarget.com)

CDX2 mutations do not account for juvenile polyposis or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and occur infrequently in sporadic colorectal cancers. (ox.ac.uk)
We have screened 37 JPS families/cases without known SMAD4 mutations, 10 Peutz-Jeghers cases without known LKB1 mutations and 49 sporadic colorectal cancers for mutations in CDX2. (ox.ac.uk)
Although polymorphic variants and rare variants of unlikely significance were detected, no pathogenic CDX2 mutations were found in any case of JPS or PJS, or in any of the sporadic cancers. (ox.ac.uk)

The proteasome controls protein abundance within the cell through proteolytic degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Most proteins are targeted for degradation by polyubiquitination mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases ( 1, 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 phosphorylates Siah2 under hypoxic conditions, causing it to relocalize to the cytoplasm and subsequently increases its ubiquitin-targeted degradation activity ( 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, the deubiquitinating enzyme USP13 reduces the substrate degradation activity of Siah proteins ( 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Furthermore, in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells, estrogen increases Siah2 levels, resulting in degradation of the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (N-CoR) and a reduction in N-CoR-mediated repressive effects on gene expression, thus promoting cancer growth ( 12 ). (aacrjournals.org)
TMEM9-v-ATPase hyperactivates Wnt/β-catenin signalling via lysosomal degradation of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). (nature.com)
Our results reveal the unexpected roles of TMEM9-controlled vesicular acidification in hyperactivating Wnt/β-catenin signalling through APC degradation, and propose the blockade of TMEM9-v-ATPase as a viable option for colorectal cancer treatment. (nature.com)

In addition, Wnt/β-catenin has emerged as a critical regulator of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which is considered one of the root causes of cancer recurrence and metastasis because of their heterogeneity and plasticity ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Ambiguous roles of Wnt5a in cancer metastasis. (cams.cn)
A) Inhibition of metastasis in cancer. (cams.cn)
B) Promotion of metastasis in cancer. (cams.cn)
An imbalance in the structural and signaling properties of β-catenin often leads to disease and unregulated growth associated with cancer and metastasis. (chemdiv.com)

She obtained her postdoctoral training in the Department of Cancer Biology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, joined the Department of Genetics in 2002, where she established the Molecular Cytogenetics Facility as an Institutional specialty resource. (mdanderson.org)

The APC protein, which comprises of 2843 amino acids, plays an important role in the β-catenin nuclear localization ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

2004. Activator protein 2alpha associates with adenomatous polyposis coli/beta-catenin and Inhibits beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity in colorectal cancer cells. . (oregonstate.edu)
Since BCL2, a protein that indirectly inhibits cell apoptosis, is required for certain chemotherapies to work, the absence of BCL2 obscures their uses in prostate cancer. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Genetic ablation of TMEM9 inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo mouse models. (nature.com)

This short protein cannot suppress the cellular overgrowth that leads to the formation of abnormal growths (polyps) in the colon, which can become cancerous. (medlineplus.gov)
FAP is characterized by the presence of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum, and is a disease predisposing individuals to colorectal cancer (CRC) ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and juvenile polyposis (JPS) are both characterized by the presence of hamartomatous polyps and increased risk of malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. (ox.ac.uk)

Recent studies have found that they have clinical and molecular features of both the BRAF mutant/MSI and the conventional BRAF wild-type cancers and comprise a distinct colorectal cancer subgroup. (hindawi.com)
Molecular characterization of this cell line revealed low expression levels and activity of Retinoblastoma protein and elevated basal levels of Erk1/2 activity and p70S6K expression and activity, which may be related to chemoresistance mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
New strategies including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors explore molecular targets that are normally deregulated in cancer cells, and represent a new hope for patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Neufeld, associate professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences, studies the adenomatous polyposis coli protein, which protects against colon cancer. (cancerlive.net)
However, no studies have looked into the relation between the both molecular markers in this type of cancer. (uantwerpen.be)
The molecular weight of proteins were 102, 88 and 80 kDa, so they were named α, β and γ-catenin. (chemdiv.com)
Funciona como andamio molecular para localizar y estabilizar estas proteínas en los sitios de recombinación homóloga. (bvsalud.org)
It functions as a molecular scaffold to localize and stabilize these proteins at homologous recombination sites. (bvsalud.org)
Genetic testing encompasses a broad range of laboratory tests performed to analyze DNA, RNA, chromosomes, proteins, and certain metabolites using biochemical, cytogenetic, or molecular methods or a combination of these methods. (cdc.gov)

however, its homology suggests involvement in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancers and proliferative control of normal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Despite these advances, APC continues to provide a fertile subject of research for both colorectal tumorigenesis and cancer in general. (ox.ac.uk)

One protein with which APC associates is beta-catenin. (medlineplus.gov)
The shortened protein is unable to interact with the beta-catenin protein, which prevents the breakdown of beta-catenin when it is no longer needed. (medlineplus.gov)
2004. The dietary phytochemical chlorophyllin alters E-cadherin and beta-catenin expression in human colon cancer cells. . (oregonstate.edu)

BRAF is a protein kinase and part of the MAP kinase signalling cascade which involves transduction of a growth signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a chain of protein kinases and is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. (hindawi.com)
It is an integral component of the MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase cascade. (hindawi.com)

However, these cells showed loss of heterozygosity affecting Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and nuclear staining of β-catenin protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Four (8%) esophageal cancer tissues showed high nuclear β-catenin staining. (biomedcentral.com)

Siah proteins, evolutionarily conserved E3 RING zinc finger ubiquitin ligases, have recently been implicated in various cancers and show promise as novel anticancer drug targets. (aacrjournals.org)

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)

Esophageal cancer is a malignancy in the esophagus tissue spread in developing countries. (hindawi.com)

The HGUE-C-1 cell line was sensitive to erlotinib, gefitinib, NVP-BEZ235, rapamycin and trichostatin, among other drugs, but partially resistant to heat shock protein inhibitors and highly resistant to AZD-6244 and oxaliplatin, even though the patient from which this cell line was derived had not been exposed to these drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), mainly survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) prevent the processing of procaspase 3 to caspase 3, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
A major contribution has been the "bench to bedside" development of telomerase inhibitors that are now in advanced cancer clinical trials. (utsouthwestern.edu)
The aim of the present study was to test a possible effect of the G-protein beta3-subunit (Gbeta3) C825T gene variant on the antidepressant activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in a sample of major and bipolar depressives, with or without psychotic features. (neurotransmitter.net)

Therefore, it is an essential factor in cancers' progression (invasion, migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition), and a potential biomarker for prognosis and treatment. (cams.cn)
Our experiments indicate that colon cancer cells are dependent on both β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling routes for growth and proliferation. (nature.com)

Recent reports based on proteomic studies have identified many SUMOylated substrates that play important roles in the development and progression of cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Any change in these associations may play a role in colorectal cancer development and progression. (um.es)

Dr. Multani has extensive expertise in the field of Human and Mammalian Cytogenetics, and specializes in the evaluation of genetic instability and complex chromosomal rearrangements in cancer cells, telomere dysfunction, characterization of embryonic stem cells, and authentication of cell lines. (mdanderson.org)

We identified transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) as a vesicular acidification regulator. (nature.com)

I have been told it is linked to not only breast cancer, but also ovarian, melanoma, leukemia, and prostate cancer. (breastcancer.org)

the cancer institute in the city I live does not have a genetic counselor so I would have had to travel 5+ hours for this, no family history of breast cancer, etc. (breastcancer.org)
Furthermore, an unfortunate association of factors such as tumor genetic complexity, overestimation of biomarker and drug potentials, as well as a poor understanding of tumor microenvironment in diagnosis and prognosis leads to the current levels of treatment failure regarding a vast majority of cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
Colorectal cancer has been well studied, and the genetic steps involved in the adenoma to carcinoma sequence have been well elucidated. (um.es)

Nowadays, Lactobacilli with probiotic potency is a preventing factor in cancer and many diseases. (hindawi.com)
[ 16 ] In one study, arecoline was found to elevate the mRNA and protein expression of cystatin C, a nonglycosylated basic protein consistently up-regulated in a variety of fibrotic diseases, in a dose-dependent manner in persons with oral submucous fibrosis. (medscape.com)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), within the next 15 years, over 17 million people will develop cancer annually, and in 2030, cancer will represent the leading cause of death worldwide, surpassing cardiovascular diseases [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Right now, within this database, investigators can find clues to potential new treatments for various diseases including cancer," says Dan Theodorescu, MD, PhD, professor of Surgery and Pharmacology at the CU School of Medicine, director of the University of Colorado Cancer Center and one of the study's senior authors. (cancerlive.net)
Deregulation of components involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases including a number of cancers and degenerative diseases. (chemdiv.com)

These variants are rare in these Asian populations, and play little role in colorectal cancer causation in Chinese. (nih.gov)

Marc Kvansakul 's team at La Trobe University in Australia published in FEBS Letters this month their study of the interactions between the human Scribble protein and Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). (sbgrid.org)
Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that form homotypic interactions with cadherin proteins on neighboring cells and interact intracellularly with proteins of the catenin family [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Evidence for an association between a G-protein beta3-gene variant with depression and response to antidepressant treatment. (neurotransmitter.net)

This cancer is divided into two types: (1) squamous cell carcinoma, which appears in the middle or top of the esophagus and (2) adenocarcinoma, seen in the glandular cells of the esophagus [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cancer cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay, and the results showed a significant increase in the number of viable cells after 24 h of treatment with MSG with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 10, 50, and 100mM). (scielo.br)
A fourth mechanism suggests that cytotoxic drugs are removed from the source using efflux pumps, and the last mechanism is microtubule alterations that affect cytotoxic drug attachment to cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In conclusion, prostate cancer cells have resistance mechanisms to overcome cytotoxic therapies such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Inherited resistance is noted in prostate cancer cells that do not express BCL2, indicating that taxanes' mechanism of action relies at least partly on BCL2 inhibition. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery to cancer stem cells. (docksci.com)
Recent developments in cancer biology have identified the existence of a sub-poplulation of cells - cancer stem cells (CSC) that are resistant to most traditional therapies (e.g. chemotherapy and radiotherapy) and have the ability to repair their damaged DNA. (docksci.com)
One of the possible reasons for the failure of the present therapeutic regimens is the existence of a relatively rare cell population known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to or not targeted by present therapeutic modalities. (docksci.com)
Here, we aimed at identifying a β-catenin-independent Wnt target gene signature in order to understand the functional significance of non-canonical signaling in colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
Cell Signaling in Human Monocytes White blood cells collected by apheresis from G-CSF-mobilized normal stem cell donors were obtained from the Stem Cell Assay Laboratory/Hematology Cell Bank of the British Columbia Cancer Agency. (morainetownshipdems.org)

While canonical, β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling is well studied and has been linked to many forms of cancer, much less is known about the role of non-canonical, β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling. (nature.com)

We sequenced the APC gene from codons 1261 to 1409 and found none of 147 Chinese, 20 Malay, and 11 Indian colorectal cancer patients in Singapore to carry the APC I1307K or E1317Q variants. (nih.gov)
Metastatic colorectal cancer patients can benefit from other additional treatments such as cetuximab or bevacizumab. (biomedcentral.com)

Sera were analysed by methylation-specific QPCR for three markers: adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), ras association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) and oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). (uantwerpen.be)

The protein encoded by this gene shares significant homology to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein-binding EB1 gene family. (wikipedia.org)
Even though I have no family history of breast cancer, I do have several other types of cancer in my family. (breastcancer.org)
I underwent the panel testing due to high incidence of breast cancer in my family. (breastcancer.org)
I took the test because I have a strong family history of breast cancer (sister, mother, grandmother) and colorectal cancer (maternal grandfather and his siblings, mother, and sister). (breastcancer.org)
In addition, it was correlated with extra‑colonic phenotypes featuring duodenal polyposis and sebaceous cysts in this family. (spandidos-publications.com)
70 Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia differentiation protein 1) and other members of the BCL family, such as BCL-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra-large), are also involved in resistance to Interleukin (IL)-6, stromal cell derived factor-1, and cytokine-induced apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

The APC gene provides instructions for making the APC protein, which plays a critical role in several cellular processes. (medlineplus.gov)
SUMOylation of proteins is an important mechanism in cellular responses to environmental stress ( 21 , 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
β-Catenin is a fascinating protein with many important cellular and developmental functions. (chemdiv.com)
β -catenin has many binding partners that mediate a diverse set of cellular functions, and the protein probably acts as a 'hub' on which many cellular signaling networks impinge. (chemdiv.com)

A proportion of the BRAF mutant lesions remain as microsatellite stable (MSS), and in contrast to the MSI cancers, they have an aggressive phenotype and correlate with poor patient outcomes. (hindawi.com)
The reported incidence of BRAF mutant lesions that develop MSI ranges from 46% to 75% [ 4 - 8 ], and these BRAF mutant/MSI cancers have been well characterized to show typical clinicopathological features such as a predilection for elderly females and a proximal location. (hindawi.com)
The remaining BRAF mutant cancers that do not methylate MLH1 to develop MSI stay as microsatellite stable (MSS). (hindawi.com)
This latter BRAF mutant/MSS cancer subgroup has not been as well studied, but is known to particularly associate with a poor patient outcome. (hindawi.com)
Although the relevance of mutant BRAF in the clinical setting is increasingly being acknowledged, the relatively low frequency of its occurrence requires further studies and larger experimental cohorts to secure its mutational status as a definitive biomarker for colorectal cancer. (hindawi.com)
This review will explore our current understanding of BRAF mutant cancers with respect to presence or absence of MSI. (hindawi.com)

Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms2

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes4

Familial adenomato9

Mutations in the Adenomatous2

Tumor suppressor protein2

Genes13

Pathways10

Mutation13

Tumors6

Pathway14

Encodes2

Axin3

Glycogen1

Tumour2

Humans2

Suppressor4

Plakoglobin3

Sporadic3

Degradation7

Metastasis5

Genetics1

Amino acids1

Inhibits3

Polyps3

Molecular9

Tumorigenesis2

Beta-catenin3

Kinase2

Nuclear2

Various cancers1

Phosphorylation1

Malignancy1

Inhibitors4

Proliferation2

Development and progression2

Mammalian1

Regulator1

Ovarian1

Genetic3

Diseases5

Role in colorectal cancer1

Interactions2

Variant1

Cells10

Canonical1

Colorectal cancer patients2

Markers1

Family6

Cellular4

BRAF6

Cell membrane1