• Further, clustering of these genes resulted in six clusters with themes in synaptic transmission, signal transduction, metabolic process, and apoptosis, which provided an intuitional view on the major molecular functions of the genes. (hindawi.com)
  • ICA69 regulates activity-dependent synaptic strengthening and learning and memory. (neurotree.org)
  • Neuronal transmission relies on the regulated secretion of neurotransmitters, which are packed in synaptic vesicles (SVs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, engagement of this intracellular signaling route was functionally active in the mouse dorsal striatum in vivo , as proven by the disruption of neuronal integrity and behavioral tasks. (jneurosci.org)
  • Pharmacological or genetic interventions aimed at reducing abnormal signal transduction at the level of these various intracellular cascades have been shown to attenuate LID in different animal models. (proteasomesignal.com)
  • Acute G q -protein activation in direct-pathway or indirect-pathway neurons produced an enhancement or a decrease, respectively, of activity-dependent parameters. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast, sustained G q -protein activation impaired the functionality of direct-pathway and indirect-pathway neurons and disrupted the behavioral performance and electroencephalography-related activity tasks controlled by either anatomical framework. (jneurosci.org)
  • Further, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine can also regulate the expression of genes/proteins involved in various functions such as ERK1/2, CREB, and c-FOS [ 20 - 22 ], as well as the expression state of multiple biochemical pathways, for example, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol phosphatase signaling, growth factor signaling, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways [ 23 - 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by which cells regulate the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. (proteasomesignal.com)
  • Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of G q -protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca 2+ /proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJun N -terminal kinase pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • This phenomenon, combined with chronic administration of L-DOPA, leads to persistent and intermittent hyper-activation of the cAMP signaling cascade. (proteasomesignal.com)
  • Whereas the G s /G i -protein-dependent tuning of striatal neurons is fairly well known, the precise impact and underlying mechanism of G q -protein-dependent signals remain poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, various pathways and neurotransmitter systems have been found to be related to the psychoactive and addictive properties of nicotine, such as the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system [ 14 - 16 ], the serotonin system, the glutamate system, and the GABA system [ 17 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Like most other neurological processes, the effects of cannabis on the brain follow the standard protocol of signal transduction, the electrochemical system of sending signals through neurons for a biological response. (wikipedia.org)
  • To bridge this gap, we employ ultrafast single-molecule tracking (SMT) in the reconstituted system of native SVs and in living neurons. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is manifested as skeletal muscle denervation, loss of motor neurons and finally severe respiratory failure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dyskinesia is also accompanied by augmented activity of the extra cellular S63845 mouse signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which are involved in the control of transcriptional and translational efficiency. (proteasomesignal.com)
  • Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of G q -protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca 2+ /proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJun N -terminal kinase pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • To analyze this effect anatomically, we manipulated G q -protein-dependent signaling selectively in neurons belonging to the direct or indirect striatal pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • Acute G q -protein activation in direct-pathway or indirect-pathway neurons produced an enhancement or a decrease, respectively, of activity-dependent parameters. (jneurosci.org)
  • In contrast, sustained G q -protein activation impaired the functionality of direct-pathway and indirect-pathway neurons and disrupted the behavioral performance and electroencephalography-related activity tasks controlled by either anatomical framework. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition to the D1 receptor/PKA/DARPP-32 signaling pathway, D1 receptor stimulation is known to activate Rap1/ERK signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Appetitive drive is influenced by coordinated interactions between brain circuits that regulate reinforcement and homeostatic signals that control metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Dopamine regulates psychomotor function by D1 receptor/PKA-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32. (bvsalud.org)
  • DARPP-32, phosphorylated at Thr34 by PKA, inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), and amplifies the phosphorylation of other PKA/PP1 substrates following D1 receptor activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Description: Biased towards G-protein signalling in a cellular assay expressing only D 1 receptor. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • Whereas the G s /G i -protein-dependent tuning of striatal neurons is fairly well known, the precise impact and underlying mechanism of G q -protein-dependent signals remain poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
  • Like most other neurological processes, the effects of cannabis on the brain follow the standard protocol of signal transduction, the electrochemical system of sending signals through neurons for a biological response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, 680C91 suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines and STAT signaling in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • VCE-003.2 was able to increase neuroblast formation and striatal-like CTIP2-mediated neurogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Description: Potentiator potency: Increase of cAMP by LY3154207 in the presence of an EC 20 concentration of dopamine in HEK293 cells transiently expressing human D 1 receptors. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)