• 2002) and maturation of MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase (Jovanovic et al. (eddoctor24h.com)
  • In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors abolished this Wnt5a synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and group 4 (late-elderly, 75-85).Protein levels and deregulated protein phosphorylation linked to similar biological terms/functions, but involving different individual proteins, are found in FC with age. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • It is known to act through protein phosphorylation via PRKA and through the activation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors like EPAC. (plos.org)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • The also acutely modulate the efficacy of basal synaptic transmission downstream actions of these cytoplasmic signals may increase at developing neuromuscular junctions in cell cultures (Lohof et phosphorylation of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins (Jo- al. (eddoctor24h.com)
  • The JNK protein kinase is a member of the MAP kinase group that is activated in response to dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine. (umassmed.edu)
  • Minimal model for signal-induced Ca2+ oscillations and for their frequency encoding through protein phosphorylation. (arasysperfector.com)
  • Then, our findings further indicate that Hcy significantly downregulates the phosphorylation level of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) after ICH, which is associated with neurite outgrowth. (bmj.com)
  • The response to GLP-1 was mimicked by forskolin and largely inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and myristoylated PKI(14-22) amide, indicating partial mediation via a cAMP/PKA pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Glucose metabolism activates this pathway by means of increasing [Ca 2+ ] i via L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) by affecting the electrical activity of the cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
  • My results indicate that KCNK3 internalizes in response to Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation, using a novel pathway that requires the phosphoserine binding protein, 14-3-3β, and demonstrates for the first time regulated KCNK3 channel trafficking in neurons. (umassmed.edu)
  • Wnt proteins bind to receptors to activate the Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway and β-catenin-independent non-canonical pathways, which include the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway and the Wnt/calcium (Ca 2+ ) pathway [ 2 , 23 - 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the canonical pathway, Wnts (such as Wnt3a) inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and consequently stabilize β-catenin to regulate transcription [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activation of the PCP pathway stimulates Rho GTPases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate cell morphogenesis and movement [ 29 ], whereas the activation of the Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway causes Ca 2+ to activate protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) [ 30 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we resolved Ca 2+ -dependent and Ca 2+ -independent synaptic vesicle (SV) replenishment pathways, and found that syt 7 plays a selective and critical role in the Ca 2+ -dependent pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • This replenishment process is known to involve a calcium-dependent pathway and a calcium-independent pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that synaptotagmin 7 and calmodulin bind to each other to form a complex, which suggests that the calcium-dependent replenishment pathway is regulated by this complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • Significantly, the actions of both GLP-1 and forskolin were abolished by the selective Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) inhibitor, FK506, as well as by the chelation of intracellular Ca 2+ by BAPTA (bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N ′ ,N ′-tetraacetate). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • This activation was blocked by expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase MKP-1. (umassmed.edu)
  • 19,61) protein phosphatase I,(20) calcineurin. (arasysperfector.com)
  • The trimeric Sec61/SecY complex is a protein-conducting channel (PCC) for secretory and membrane proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • Over the course of my dissertation research I investigated endocytic mechanisms regulating two neuronal membrane proteins: the anesthetic-activated potassium leak channel, KCNK3, as well as the psychostimulant-sensitive dopamine transporter (DAT). (umassmed.edu)
  • Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Detection of SR-BI in rat H4IIE total cell lysates and plasma membrane proteins. (novusbio.com)
  • Here, we review the major advances underpinning our current understanding of how the elasticity of single proteins regulates mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)
  • Endocytic trafficking dynamically regulates neuronal plasma membrane protein presentation and activity, and plays a central role in excitability and plasticity. (umassmed.edu)
  • Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
  • These protein kinases correspond to alternatively spliced isoforms derived from the JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 genes. (umassmed.edu)
  • The protein kinase activity of these JNK isoforms was measured using the transcription factors ATF2, Elk-1 and members of the Jun family as substrates. (umassmed.edu)
  • Comparison of the binding activity of the JNK isoforms demonstrated that the JNK proteins differ in their interaction with ATF2, Elk-1 and Jun transcription factors. (umassmed.edu)
  • The majority of inositol lipids reside in membranes and serve as substrates for kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. (asm.org)
  • Similarly, marked modifications occur in the larger phosphoprotein clusters involving cytoskeleton and neuronal structures, membrane stabilization, and kinase regulation in the late elderly.Present findings may increase understanding of human brain proteostasis modifications in the elderly in the subpopulation of individuals not having AD neuropathological change and any other neurodegenerative change in any telencephalon region. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that novel, non-classical endocytic mechanisms dynamically control the plasma membrane presentation of these two important neuronal proteins. (umassmed.edu)
  • Gintonin, a novel, ginseng-derived G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand, elicits [Ca 2+ ] i transients in neuronal and non-neuronal cells via pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins. (molcells.org)
  • Consistently, caspase-8 inhibition blocked the effects of TFP/TMX on TRA-8-induced apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Although JAK1/2 inhibition is effective in alleviating symptoms of myelofibrosis (MF), it does not result in the eradication of MF clones, which can lead to inhibitor-resistant clones emerging during the treatment. (ashpublications.org)
  • CAMK2 inhibition was effective against JAK2 inhibitor-sensitive and JAK2 inhibitor-resistant cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • CAMK2G inhibition with berbamine, a CAMK2G inhibitor, significantly prolonged survival and reduced disease phenotypes, such as splenomegaly and leukocytosis in a MF mouse model induced by MPL W515L. (ashpublications.org)
  • Herein, we demonstrate that inhibition of Ca2+/CaM, by using either chemical inhibitors or specific antibodies directed to CaM, results in a profound inhibition of EEA1 binding to endosomal membranes both in live cells and in vitro. (umassmed.edu)
  • The KCNQ family of channel proteins (also known as Kv7) form K + -selective, voltage-gated channels ( Hille, 2001 ) that are slowly activating delayed rectifier K + ( I Ks ) channels. (molcells.org)
  • Moreover, we showed that Acanthamoeba produces severe HBMEC cytotoxicity by secreting extracellular proteases, as well as using contact-dependent mechanisms such as phagocytosis ( 12 ), which may play an important role in blood-brain barrier perturbations. (asm.org)
  • Extracellular neuritic plaques are deposits of differently sized small peptides called β-amyloid (Aβ) that are derived via sequential proteolytic cleavages of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • APP751 and APP770 are expressed in most tissues and contain a 56 amino acid Kunitz Protease Inhibitor (KPI) domain within their extracellular regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Aβ domain is unique to the APP protein, though the family shares several other conserved domains such as the E1 and E2 domains in the extracellular sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data suggest that the synergistic action of glucose and GLP-1 to promote insulin gene transcription is mediated through NFAT via PKA- and calcineurin-dependent pathways in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Ethanol transduction pathways involve several protein kinases known to phosphorylate substrates linked to alcoholism, namely cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signaling molecules that phosphorylate the 3′ OH position of the inositol ring of phosphoinositides (PIs), generating the second messengers PI(3)P, PI(3,4)P 2 , and PI(3,4,5)P 3 ( 4 , 17 ). (asm.org)
  • 8) Lysosomal calcium channels, such as TRPMLs, can lead to the release of lysosomal calcium and activate mTORC1, which can phosphorylate TFEB and prevent TFEB nuclear translocation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To test the idea that loss of Rab11 may promote cancer progression, archival human patient tissues were analyzed and 51 out of 70 colon cancer tissues had lower Rab11 protein staining. (sdbonline.org)
  • Furthermore, phosphoproteomic data and signalome analysis of perihematomal brain tissues suggested that calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 2 (CAMK2A) kinase substrate pairs were significantly downregulated in ICH with HHcy compared with autologous blood injection only, both western blot and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this finding. (bmj.com)
  • Next, we observed that Acanthamoeba specifically activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
  • Acanthamoeba -mediated brain endothelial cell death was abolished using LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. (asm.org)
  • These results were further confirmed using brain microvascular endothelial cells expressing dominant negative forms of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
  • This is the first demonstration that Acanthamoeba -mediated brain microvascular endothelial cell death is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (asm.org)
  • It was reported that SM could form cluster in outer leaflet of the membrane, where juxtapose inner leaflet region could recruit phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase to form PIP 2 . (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • An additional requirement for endosome fusion is the protein Early Endosome Antigen 1 (EEA1), and its recruitment to the endosome depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] and the Rab5 GTPase. (umassmed.edu)
  • The concentration of Ca2+/CaM inhibitors required for a full dissociation of EEA1 from endosomal membranes had no effect on the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases or on endogenous levels of PI(3)P. However, the interaction of EEA1 with liposomes containing PI(3)P was decreased by Ca2+/CaM inhibitors. (umassmed.edu)
  • The aggregative enzyme (ACA) is activated following cAMP-binding to the G-protein coupled cell surface cAMP receptor (cAR1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • More specifically, substrates with certain FYVE domains (named after the first four proteins in this motif, Fab1, YotB, Vac1p, and EEA1) bind PIP, and these pathways have been implicated in vesicular trafficking or receptor-mediated endocytosis ( 5 ). (asm.org)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
  • Neurotrophins serve long-term trophic functions by with activation of Trk receptor tyrosine kinase (Lohof et al. (eddoctor24h.com)
  • Gintonin-mediated activation of the I Ks channels was blocked by an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, an active phospholipase C inhibitor, an IP 3 receptor antagonist, and the calcium chelator BAPTA. (molcells.org)
  • 0-50 min) causes a concentration-dependent reduction in NMDA receptor-mediated fEPSPs in region CA1 in response to Schaffer collateral stimulation in hippocampal slices prepared from brains of 3- to 4-week old rats [1] . (medchemexpress.com)
  • Gintonin-mediated activation of both the I Ks channel was also blocked by the calmodulin (CaM) blocker calmidazolium. (molcells.org)
  • Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
  • Ceramide generated in late endosomal compartments is recognized as a potent regulator of cell signaling, but its molecular interactions with late endosomal transmembrane proteins have not been studied in depth. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Thus, Ca2+/CaM seems to be required for the stable interaction of EEA1 with endosomal PI(3)P, perhaps by directly or indirectly stabilizing the quaternary organization of the C-terminal FYVE domain of EEA1. (umassmed.edu)
  • With a series of deletion/point mutants, we identified CaM antagonist-responsive region in the putative Sp1-binding domain between -295 to -300 base pairs of DR5 gene. (oncotarget.com)
  • We found that the calmodulin antagonist W-7 transiently enhanced cAMP spikes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that W-7 acts on an acidic Ca 2+ -store: it abolished ATP-dependent vesicular acidification, inhibited V-type H + ATPase activity more potently than the weaker antagonist W-5 and caused vesicular Ca 2+ -leakage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Ca 2+ -binding protein calmodulin (CaM) has also been implicated in SV replenishment, and we found that loss of syt 7 was phenocopied by a CaM antagonist. (elifesciences.org)
  • We provide evidence that KRas translocation occurs through sequestration of the polybasic-prenyl motif by Ca 2+ /calmodulin (Ca 2+ /CaM) and subsequent release of KRas from the PM, in a process reminiscent of GDP dissociation inhibitor-mediated membrane recycling of Rab and Rho GTPases. (rupress.org)
  • Here we uncover structural motifs required for ceramide interaction with the four membrane spanning Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B). (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Thus, the Ca 2+ /CaM interaction sites in KCNQ1 are important for normal cardiac activity. (molcells.org)
  • Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11-deficiency. (sdbonline.org)
  • Using cortical primary cultures, we show here that activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) induces rapid Wnt5a protein synthesis and secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concanamycin A, an inhibitor of the V-type H + -pump, blocked the Ca 2+ -leakage elicited by W-7 as well as cAMP-oscillations in the presence of W-7. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the advent, development and refining of single-molecule nanomechanical techniques that enable the conformational dynamics of individual proteins under the effect of a calibrated force to be probed, we have begun to acquire a comprehensive knowledge of the diverse physicochemical principles that regulate the elasticity of single proteins. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • TRPML1-mediated lysosomal calcium release can also dephosphorylate TFEB and promote its nuclear translocation and regulate lysosome biogenesis, autophagy, and lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This X-linked disease results from mutations of the DMD allele on the X-chromosome resulting in the loss of expression of the protein dystrophin. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations in the KCNQ1 [Ca 2+ ] i /CaM-binding IQ motif sites (S373P, W392R, or R539W)blocked the action of gintonin on I Ks channel. (molcells.org)
  • In accord with our hypothesis that the link from Ca 2+ to cAMP synthesis is mediated by a Ca 2+ -dependent phospholipase C we found that W-7 was not active in the phospholipase C knockout mutant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ca2+/CaM is required for early endosome fusion in vitro, however, the molecular basis for this requirement is unknown. (umassmed.edu)
  • As a core metal ion in signaling transduction, calcium content is maintained in dynamic balance under normal circumstances. (mdpi.com)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • This NMDAR-regulated Wnt5a synthesis does not require transcription and is a result of activity-dependent translation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Channels formed from KCNQ proteins consist of homomeric tetramers or heteromeric tetramers containing KCNQ as the α-subunit, and each KCNQ subunit is composed of six α-helical transmembrane segments (S1-S6). (molcells.org)
  • We conclude that the polybasic-prenyl motif acts as a Ca 2+ /CaM-regulated molecular switch that controls PM concentration of KRas and redistributes its activity to internal sites. (rupress.org)
  • Additionally, PKC-mediated KCNK3 trafficking requires a non-canonical endocytic motif, which is shared exclusively between KCNK3 and sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transporters, such as DAT. (umassmed.edu)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • Here we report the selection of camelid-derived single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that modulate the conformation and spectral properties of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). (cipsm.de)
  • However, protein levels of components of cell membranes, vesicles and synapses, RNA modulation, and cellular structures (including tau and tubulin filaments) are markedly altered from the age of 75. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
  • Membrane embedded proteins are functionally regulated by the lipid composition of the surrounding bilayer. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • have shown that another protein, synaptotagmin 7, also has a key role in the replenishment of synaptic vesicles, possibly as a sensor for calcium ions. (elifesciences.org)
  • For example, the replenishment of synaptic vesicles (SV) in the readily releasable pool (RRP), which can be exhausted during high frequency stimulation (HFS), plays a critical role in determining the rate and degree of short-term synaptic depression ( Wang and Kaczmarek, 1998 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • DAT trafficking studies in intact ex vivo adult striatal slices indicate that DAT endocytic trafficking has both dynamin-dependent and -independent components. (umassmed.edu)
  • We report here a mechanism that couples NMDAR activation to Wnt5a protein synthesis in primary cortical cultures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study unravels a new molecular system for vesicle-based axonal transport of proteins in male and female flies (Drosophila melanogaster). (sdbonline.org)
  • He designed computer hardware, software, and algorithms that accelerate molecular dynamics simulations by orders of magnitude, and applied these simulations to the study of protein function, protein folding, and protein-drug interactions. (stanford.edu)
  • Rutin caused attenuation of streptozotocin-induced inflammation by decreasing the activity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, interleukin-8, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor-kB and thereby prevented gross anatomical changes in rat hippocampus. (fuqna.com)
  • We found that gintonin enhances I Ks channel currents in concentration- and voltage-dependent manners. (molcells.org)
  • We investigated the effects of calmodulin(CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine(TFP) and tamoxifen(TMX), on TRA-8-induced apoptosis and tumorigenesis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells, and underlying mechanisms. (oncotarget.com)
  • B cells are therefore particularly dependent on 'quality control' mechanisms to oversee antibody production. (cipsm.de)
  • In contrast to the detailed understanding of the intracellular signaling cascades initiated by Wnts, little is known about the upstream mechanisms that control the synthesis of Wnt proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observed that NMDAR activation elicited rapid increase and secretion of Wnt5a protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanical force modulates the conformation and function of individual proteins, and this underpins many mechanically driven cellular processes. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Protein conformation is critically linked to function and often controlled by interactions with regulatory factors. (cipsm.de)
  • ADAM17 is a metalloprotease and disintegrin that lodges in the plasmatic membrane of several cell types and is able to cleave a wide variety of cell surface proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAM), originally named metalloproteinases disintegrin cystein-rich (MDC), are membrane-anchored cell surface proteins containing both disintegrin and metalloproteinase domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is estimated that as much as 10% of the cell surface proteins undergo ectodomain shedding. (frontiersin.org)
  • Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)
  • S1P is generated intracellularly by two sphingosine kinases (SphK1, SphK2) and is exported out of cells by Spinster 2 (Spns2) to exert its effects through activation of five specific cell surface S1PRs in autocrine or paracrine manners. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • The main challenge for large bone defect repair and regeneration remains the inadequate recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reduced vascularization, and decreased growth factors stimulation within the scaffold construct to support cell viability and tissue growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • Analysis of TRA-8-induced death-inducing-signaling-complex (DISC) identified recruitment of survival signals, CaM/Src, into DR5-associated DISC, which was inhibited by TMX/TFP. (oncotarget.com)
  • Altogether, we have demonstrated that CaM antagonists enhance TRA-8-induced apoptosis of TRA-8-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by increasing DR5 expression and enhancing recruitment of apoptotic signal while decreasing survival signals in DR5-associated DISC. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our studies support the use of these readily available CaM antagonists combined with TRAIL-activating agents for pancreatic cancer therapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • RESULTS: At baseline and following adrenergic stimulation, DMD hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes had a significant increase in arrhythmic calcium traces compared to isogenic controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • These methods dramatically increase the likelihood of producing proteins that cannot fold or assemble appropriately. (cipsm.de)
  • The external application of calcium fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of soybean yield. (mdpi.com)
  • This NMDAR-regulated Wnt5a protein increase was blocked by translational but not transcriptional inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Noteworthy, protein levels of large clusters of hierarchically-related protein expression levels are stable until 70. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • regulating expression of synaptic proteins (Wang et al. (eddoctor24h.com)