ProteinsIonsMonovalentMembranesConcentrationSaltsSolubleCadmiumBiochemicalAbundantChannelsAbsorptionPermeabilityBindsOxalateExtracellularZincCurrentsConductanceCarbonateChlorideStableCellsBone mineralizationChelateSulfateMetalPlasma membraneMolecular2002ProcessesRenalSolutionEffectIntakeTransportStudySignalsOralFunctionsVitaminHypocalcemiaMusclePhosphorus
Proteins6
- A recent paper from the Martin lab explores the evolutionary connection between calcium-binding beta/gamma crystallin proteins and the structural beta/gamma crystallins of the eye lens. (uci.edu)
- Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are cation-selective channels that function in processes as diverse as sensation and vasoregulation. (nih.gov)
- Fifty percent of plasma calcium is ionized, 40% is bound to proteins (90% of which binds to albumin), and 10% circulates bound to anions (eg, phosphate, carbonate, citrate, lactate, sulfate). (medscape.com)
- These citrate salts can solve these problems by forming a matrix with the proteins in the beverage to create a stable suspension that keeps the divalent cations ideally dispersed in the milk. (dairyfoods.com)
- Description: Description of target: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (microarraystation.com)
- Binding to other ECM proteins such as collagen appears to depend on divalent cations. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Ions11
- Ionomycin is an ionophore and an antibiotic that binds calcium ions (Ca2+) in a ratio 1:1. (wikipedia.org)
- Because of its ability to chelate calcium and magnesium ions, the trisodium salt is used in laundry detergents as a "builder" to replace phosphates, the use of which has been restricted by legislation in some countries owing to their contribution to the eutrophication of lakes and ponds. (canada.ca)
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. (hmdb.ca)
- With the same anionic counterpart of chloride (Cl-) ions, potassium cations show more adverse effect on bentonite clay permeability than sodium ions. (baroididp.com)
- Calcium ions with a double charge are more detrimental than sodium ions with a single charge. (baroididp.com)
- It's possible to use ion exchange to get rid of hardness in water by exchanging magnesium and calcium ions that create hardness for sodium ions. (sensorex.com)
- Whereas SmTAL1 and SmTAL2 are able to bind calcium (and some other) ions, SmTAL3 appears to be unable to bind any divalent cations. (brighton.ac.uk)
- All of these bind to calcium ions. (brighton.ac.uk)
- However, FhCaBP4 dimerizes in the presence of calcium ions, FhCaBP3 dimerizes in the absence of calcium ions and FhCaBP2 dimerizes regardless of the prevailing calcium ion concentration. (brighton.ac.uk)
- Divalent cations are positively charged metal ions with a charge of 2+. (megidoband.pl)
- Dissolved calcium ions (Ca 2+) and magnesium ions (Mg 2+) are the two principal divalent cations that create water hardness. (megidoband.pl)
Monovalent3
- Thus, the salts with divalent cations would be ore flocculated than those with monovalent cations at the same concentration. (baroididp.com)
- It's possible for water to be softened via the ion exchange process when divalent cations like magnesium and calcium are exchanged with monovalent cations that are highly soluble. (sensorex.com)
- Like all Ca(2+)-selective channels, CRAC channels lose their selectivity in divalent-free external solution to support large monovalent Na(+) currents. (ox.ac.uk)
Membranes4
- It is used in research to raise the intracellular calcium level (Ca2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca2+ transport across biological membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- As a proof of concept, we show that SS-31 alters ion distribution at the membrane interface with implications for maintaining mitochondrial membranes subject to divalent cation (calcium) stress. (biorxiv.org)
- In the presence of divalent cations like calcium it forms stable membranes. (tu-dortmund.de)
- It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. (bvsalud.org)
Concentration5
- The total calcium concentration in the plasma is 4.5-5.1 mEq/L (9-10.2 mg/dL). (medscape.com)
- Clinical signs and symptoms are observed only with decreases in ionized calcium concentration (normally 4.5-5.5 mg/dL). (medscape.com)
- A decrease in the concentration of either Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ from their standard values of 1.0 and 2.0 mM respectively augmented both the amplitude and duration of the 5-HT-induced current, whereas elevating the concentration of either divalent cation produced the opposite effect. (dundee.ac.uk)
- A decrease in the concentration of either Ca2+ or Mg2+ from their standard values of 1.0 and 2.0 mM respectively augmented both the amplitude and duration of the 5-HT-induced current, whereas elevating the concentration of either divalent cation produced the opposite effect. (dundee.ac.uk)
- Water hardness refers to the total concentration of divalent metal cations in water. (megidoband.pl)
Salts5
- The inorganic substances or contaminants in effluents can be grouped as acids, bases and neutral salts, such as sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, calcium carbonates, etc… All are classified as aqueous permeants. (baroididp.com)
- This indicates a 'saturation limit' where the continued addition of calcium or magnesium salts does not result in further deterioration of permeability. (baroididp.com)
- Gadot America's Gadocal K and Gadomag K are patented citrate salts of calcium and potassium, and magnesium and potassium, respectively. (dairyfoods.com)
- Soluble calcium salts can cause protein coagulation and insoluble salts lead to sedimentation. (dairyfoods.com)
- Hardness of water is determined by the amount of salts (calcium carbonate [CaCO 3] and magnesium sulphate [MgSO 4]) present in water. (megidoband.pl)
Soluble1
- The magnesium salt is much more soluble than the calcium salt. (stackexchange.com)
Cadmium1
- It binds also other divalent cations like magnesium and cadmium, but binds Ca2+ preferably. (wikipedia.org)
Biochemical1
- The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. (bvsalud.org)
Abundant2
- Most abundant divalent cation in our bodies! (flashcardmachine.com)
- Furthermore, with a K d for Mg 2+ of 9 mM, NP-caged EGTA does not bind physiological levels of Mg 2+ and thus reduces interference from this abundant cation. (thermofisher.com)
Channels6
- Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. (hmdb.ca)
- Explain how a drug that interferes with the functioning of voltage-gated calcium channels could decrease the transmission of painful signals . (brainmass.com)
- For many years Cl- channels have been well studied in neurological systems, where these channels initiate action potentials at synapses, propagate signals along axons and dendrites, and trigger neurotransmitter release and Calcium influx. (brainmass.com)
- Permeation through store-operated CRAC channels in divalent-free solution: potential problems and implications for putative CRAC channel genes. (ox.ac.uk)
- CRAC channels are key calcium conduits in both physiological and pathological states. (ox.ac.uk)
- This approach has provided new insight into channel permeation and selectivity, and identifies some interesting differences between CRAC channels and voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCCs). (ox.ac.uk)
Absorption3
- PTH stimulates osteoclastic bone reabsorption and distal tubular calcium reabsorption and mediates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH] 2 D) intestinal calcium absorption. (medscape.com)
- [ 5 ] Vitamin D stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium, regulates PTH release by the chief cells, and mediates PTH-stimulated bone reabsorption. (medscape.com)
- This somewhat counter-intuitive effect may be explained by the binding of calcium with oxalate in the gut, which tends to decrease oxalate absorption. (stackexchange.com)
Permeability1
- Solutions containing divalent cations such as calcium (Ca ++ ) and magnesium (Mg ++ ) display a two-stage permeability change that is characterized by a rapid initial degradation followed by essentially a steady-state response. (baroididp.com)
Binds1
- At a plasma pH of 7.4, each gram of albumin binds 0.8 mg/dL of calcium. (medscape.com)
Oxalate5
- Is there any evidence that diet factors play a big role in the creation of calcium oxalate kidney stones? (stackexchange.com)
- Most kidney stones (~80%) are calcium stones, and the majority of those are primarily composed of calcium oxalate. (stackexchange.com)
- Oxalate (C 2 O 4 2− ) is a dianion that combines with divalent cations such as magnesium and calcium. (stackexchange.com)
- Because these cations compete for binding to oxalate, both lower magnesium levels and higher calcium levels will tend to cause precipitation (movement out of solution into crystalline form) of calcium oxalate. (stackexchange.com)
- As introduced by the OP, doctors have historically advised patients who have demonstrated a propensity toward calcium oxalate stone formation (or, more generically: kidney stones) to decrease dietary intake of calcium and oxalate. (stackexchange.com)
Extracellular4
- The influence of extracellular calcium and magnesium ion concentrations upon 5-HT 3 receptor-gated membrane currents in murine N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells has been studied under voltage-clamp conditions. (dundee.ac.uk)
- In aqueous intracellular and extracellular spaces, fluoride complexes with divalent cations (calcium, magnesium), forming insoluble calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride. (msdmanuals.com)
- Less than 1% (5-6 g) of this calcium is located in the intracellular and extracellular compartments, with only 1.3 g located extracellularly. (medscape.com)
- These changes are recognized by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a 7-transmembrane receptor linked to G-protein with a large extracellular amino-terminal region. (medscape.com)
Zinc1
- In contrast, the human lens protein gammaS-crystallin, which contains defunct calcim-binding sites binding sites, does not bind any divalent cations and aggregates readily in the presence of zinc. (uci.edu)
Currents2
- The isoform alpha-1F gives rise to L-type calcium currents. (hmdb.ca)
- Peters, JA , Hales, TG & Lambert, JJ 1988, ' Divalent cations modulate 5-HT3 receptor-induced currents in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells ', European Journal of Pharmacology , vol. 151, no. 3, pp. 491-495. (dundee.ac.uk)
Conductance2
- Increasing temperature from 22 degrees C to 40 degrees C in mammalian cells transfected with hTRPV3 elevated intracellular calcium by activating a nonselective cationic conductance. (nih.gov)
- TRPV6 seemed a very attractive candidate, but one of the main arguments supporting it was a single-channel conductance in divalent-free solution similar to that for CRAC reported under conditions where MagNuM is active. (ox.ac.uk)
Carbonate1
- Hardness is reported in terms unit hardness caused due to calcium carbonate hardness. (megidoband.pl)
Chloride4
- Effect of Postharvest Calcium Chloride Treatment on the Storage Life and Quality of Persimmon Fruits (Diospyros kaki Thunb. (ac.ir)
- Karaj' stored at 0°C for 4 months after postharvest calcium chloride treatment. (ac.ir)
- 2010. Effect of Calcium Chloride Treatments on Quality Characteristic of Loquat Fruit During Storage. (ac.ir)
- 2012. Effect of Post-Harvest Calcium Chloride Dip Treatment and Gamma Irradiation on Storage Quality and Shelf-Life Extension of Red Delicious Apple. (ac.ir)
Stable1
- Despite these enormous fluxes of calcium, the levels of ionized calcium remain stable because of the rigid control maintained by parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin through complex feedback loops. (medscape.com)
Cells2
- Calcium is required for muscle contractions and also for many cells (like neurons) to properly secrete signals and hormones. (brainmass.com)
- On the other hand, a slight decrease in calcium stimulates the chief cells of the parathyroid gland to secrete PTH. (medscape.com)
Bone mineralization1
- Calcium is necessary for bone mineralization and is an important cofactor for hormonal secretion in endocrine organs. (medscape.com)
Chelate1
- Its β-diketone and carboxylic acid group form a chelate with calcium. (wikipedia.org)
Sulfate1
- The developed process achieves around 70% phosphorus recovery as an industrial-grade (19 wt% P) dicalcium phosphate dihydrate product with minimal iron, magnesium, and aluminum contamination, while also producing value-added calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) and iron/magnesium byproducts. (rsc.org)
Metal2
- The tunicate beta/gamma crystallin from Ciona intestinalis, which is known to bind calcium, is also capable of binding a wide variety of other divalent cations, which is highly unusual for a metal-binding protein. (uci.edu)
- Metal-ion binding occurs at the protein's calcium binding sites and greatly enhances its thermal stability. (uci.edu)
Plasma membrane1
- It is used to study calcium transport across the plasma membrane. (agscientific.com)
Molecular1
- The active moiety patiromer is a carboxylic acid compound with a relatively low molecular weight, enabling a high binding capacity for cations. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Processes1
- Ionized calcium is the necessary plasma fraction for normal physiologic processes. (medscape.com)
Renal1
- Calcitonin lowers calcium by targeting bone, renal, and GI losses. (medscape.com)
Solution2
- While alkaline water is generally believed to have less contaminants than acidic water, an alkaline solution may contain high levels of magnesium and calcium, which can lead to the development of hard water . (sensorex.com)
- Studies in divalent-free solution are a double-edged sword, however. (ox.ac.uk)
Effect2
- 1. We examined, in frog semitendinosus muscle, the effect of calcium release, induced by depolarization or caffeine, on intracellular pH (pH i ) recovery from an acid load applied at least 40 min later. (wright.edu)
- We also studied the effect of external Ca and other divalent cations on recovery. (wright.edu)
Intake2
- The recommendation to decrease calcium intake, then, appears not to be valid. (stackexchange.com)
- Further studies have refined this recommendation, and it is now generally said that a normal calcium intake is probably best. (stackexchange.com)
Transport2
- At the cellular level, calcium is an important regulator of ion transport and membrane integrity. (medscape.com)
- It acts as a transport carrier of divalent cations, helping the cations across solvent barriers. (agscientific.com)
Study1
- In 1993, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine dispelled the notion that a low calcium diet should be advised for these patients. (stackexchange.com)
Signals5
- Understanding the dynamics of calcium signals is achieved. (brainmass.com)
- This job studies calcium signals. (brainmass.com)
- The dynamics of calcium signals which are achieved are given. (brainmass.com)
- When your brain sends signals to your muscles telling them to contract, calcium is released. (brainmass.com)
- Research shows that calcium signals play a serious role in the control of neuronal (nerve) functions and plasticity (the ability of the brain to change formations during interconnections between neurons). (brainmass.com)
Oral1
- Oral calcium repletion may be indicated for outpatient treatment of mild cases. (medscape.com)
Functions1
- The essential functions of this divalent cation continue to be elucidated, particularly in head injury/stroke and cardiopulmonary disorders. (medscape.com)
Vitamin1
- Patients treated with glucocorticoids should receive adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D. (guidelinecentral.com)
Hypocalcemia1
- On occasion, severe hypocalcemia may result in seizures, tetany, refractory hypotension, or arrhythmias that require a more aggressive approach, including intravenous infusions of calcium. (medscape.com)
Muscle1
- In the neuromuscular system, ionized calcium facilitates nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and muscle relaxation. (medscape.com)
Phosphorus1
- Calcium levels are also affected by magnesium and phosphorus. (medscape.com)