• Calbindins are three different calcium-binding proteins: calbindin, calretinin and S100G. (wikipedia.org)
  • They were originally described as vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins in the intestine and kidney of chicks and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure of rat calbindin was originally solved by nuclear magnetic resonance and was one of the largest proteins then to be determined by this technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike calbindin 1 and 2, S100G is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Vitamin D-dependent calcium binding proteins were discovered in the cytosolic fractions of chicken intestine, and later in mammalian intestine and kidney, by researchers including Robert Wasserman of Cornell University. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such proteins bound calcium in the micromolar range and were greatly reduced in vitamin D-deficient animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. (lookformedical.com)
  • Low molecular weight, calcium binding muscle proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. (lookformedical.com)
  • Secretagogins are EF HAND MOTIF-containing calcium-binding proteins that are involved in early neuronal migration and neurogenesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • These motifs are found in many proteins that are regulated by calcium. (lookformedical.com)
  • Approximately 40% of total calcium is bound to serum proteins, and 80% to 90% of this calcium is bound to albumin. (abdominalkey.com)
  • The present study analyses the organization and selected neurochemical features of the claustrum and visual cortex of the sheep, based on the patterns of calcium-binding proteins expression. (lsbu.ac.uk)
  • Calcium-Binding proteins in Normal and transformed Cells. (ac.be)
  • Calcium-binding proteins in health and didease (pp. 227-229). (ac.be)
  • In plasma, calcium exists in 3 different forms: (1) 50% as ionized or the biologically active form, (2) 45% bound to plasma proteins (mainly albumin), and (3) 5% complexed to phosphate and citrate. (medscape.com)
  • Aijón, J. (1997) Calcium-binding proteins in the periglomerular region of typical and atypical olfactory glomeruli. (uv.es)
  • Calcium-binding proteins such as calbindin D28K and calretinin are used as markers of nervous and enteric nervous systems, but they are present in numerous other cells. (unime.it)
  • When vitamin K is present as a co-factor, the proteins activated in this vitamin K-dependent carboxylation process include multiple blood-clotting proteins (prothrombin and others), bone mineralization proteins (osteocalcin and calbindin), and the vascular calcification inhibitor protein (matrix Gla-protein). (peachvitamins.com)
  • In the brain, its synthesis is independent of vitamin-D. Calretinin, also known as calbindin 2, is a 29 kDa protein with 58% homology to calbindin 1 and principally found in nervous tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure of calbindin is characteristic of an EF-hand protein, with two helix-loop-helix calcium binding motifs joined by a flexible linker, and a short anti-parallel beta-type interaction between the two ion-binding sites. (molmovdb.org)
  • Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
  • Comparative anatomical distribution of neuronal calcium-binding protein (NECAB) 1 and -2 in rodent and human spinal cord. (scilifelab.se)
  • Neuronal calcium-binding protein 1 and -2 (NECAB1/2) localize to multiple excitatory neuron populations in the mouse spinal cord. (scilifelab.se)
  • A calcium-binding protein that mediates calcium HOMEOSTASIS in KIDNEYS, BRAIN, and other tissues. (lookformedical.com)
  • A calbindin protein that is differentially expressed in distinct populations of NEURONS throughout the vertebrate and invertebrate NERVOUS SYSTEM, and modulates intrinsic neuronal excitability and influences LONG-TERM POTENTIATION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Total serum calcium is divisible into protein-bound and ultrafiltrable (diffusible) calcium ( Fig. 6-1 ). (abdominalkey.com)
  • Variations in serum protein alter proportionately the concentration of the protein-bound and total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Marked changes in serum sodium concentration also affect the protein binding of calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Hyponatremia increases, whereas hypernatremia decreases protein-bound calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Changes in pH also affect protein-bound calcium, and an increase or decrease of 0.1 pH increases or decreases protein-bound calcium by 0.12 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Calcium requirement of the modern broiler chicken as influenced by dietary protein and age. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • The primary mediator of the intracellular effects of calcium is the calcium-binding regulatory protein, calmodulin. (medscape.com)
  • Calbindin-D28k is a calcium binding protein that is highly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. (diamond.ac.uk)
  • Product Description google Mouse anti-Calbindin-binding protein Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen. (biosensis.com)
  • The band at ~25 kDa corresponds to calbindin protein, heavily expressed in the cerebellum, but less in hippocampus. (biosensis.com)
  • Laboratory results may not explicitly label it as such, however, it measures the calcium that is bound to protein . (dssurgery.com)
  • This may be the reason for a patient with a low albumin/protein level, also having their calcium level reported as low. (dssurgery.com)
  • However, when adjusted for the protein deficiency the corrected calcium comes into normal range. (dssurgery.com)
  • The first step in a patient who has low calcium reported, is to make sure their protein and albumin levels are normal, along with Vitamin D. (dssurgery.com)
  • Controlling or major regulatory hormones include PTH, calcitonin, and vitamin D. In the kidney, vitamin D and PTH stimulate the activity of the epithelial calcium channel and the calcium-binding protein (ie, calbindin) to increase calcium absorption. (dssurgery.com)
  • Slow internal protein dynamics from water 1 H magnetic relaxation dispersion. (lu.se)
  • Rat brain cerebellum stained with mouse anti-calbindin (green, 1:1,000) and rabbit anti-calretinin (R-1800-50, red, 1:5,000) by Immunohistochemistry . (biosensis.com)
  • In this study we demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of calretinin and calbindin D28K in skin club cells of Danio rerio exposed to different wavelengths by immunohistochemistry analysis. (unime.it)
  • Exposure to white-blue light and blue light causes the expression and colocalization of calbindin-D28K and calretinin. (unime.it)
  • These results demonstrate that calbindin and calretinin could be involved in the pathophysiology of skin injury due to exposure to short-wavelength visible light spectrums. (unime.it)
  • S100G mediates the transport of calcium across the enterocytes from the apical side, where entry is regulated by the calcium channel TRPV6, to the basolateral side, where calcium pumps such as PMCA1 utilize intracellular adenosine triphosphate to pump calcium into the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. (lookformedical.com)
  • 1998). We have analysed the functional activity of glutamate and GABA receptors in such cells by measuring changes in intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i). (nih.gov)
  • The ratio of fluorescence emission at 410 nM to that at 490 nM is used as an index of free intracellular calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Part of cellular calcium is sequestered in intracellular organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in muscle cells and in mitochondria. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Calcium plays an important role in intracellular and extracellular metabolism controlling such processes as nerve conduction, muscle contraction, coagulation, electrolyte and enzyme regulation, and hormone release. (medscape.com)
  • Intracellular calcium is less than extracellular calcium by a factor of 100,000. (medscape.com)
  • Expression of S100G, like that of calbindin 1, is stimulated by the active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol although the precise mechanisms are still controversial. (wikipedia.org)
  • The similarity between TRPV5 -/- /calbindin-D 28K -/- and TRPV5 -/- mice was supported further by an equivalent increase in renal calbindin-D 9K expression and in intestinal Ca 2+ hyperabsorption as a result of upregulation of calbindin-D 9K and TRPV6 expression in the duodenum. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Elevated serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 levels accompanied the enhanced expression of the Ca 2+ transporters. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Intestinal Ca 2+ absorption and expression of calbindin-D 9K and TRPV6, as well as serum parameters of the calbindin-D 28K -/- mice, did not differ from those of wild-type mice. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • We isolated X1 neoblasts cells enriched in high piwi-1 expression (Neoblast Population), and profiled ∼7,614 individual cells via scRNA-seq. (stowers.org)
  • We designated these classes Nb1 to Nb12 and ordered them based on high (Nb1) to low (Nb12) piwi-1 expression levels. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of each cluster's gene signatures was validated using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) co-stained with piwi-1 and largely confirmed the cell clusters revealed by scRNA-seq. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Calbindin-32 (SMED30018274) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
  • Expression of Calbindin-32 (SMED30018274) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for Calbindin-32 (SMED30018274) in cells (dots) of each of the 10 clusters of sub-leathally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
  • 2012. Influence of dietary calcium and phosphorus imbalance on intestinal NaPi-IIb and calbindin mRNA expression and tibia parameters of broilers. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Calbindin-D28K expression induced by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in substantia nigra neurons dependent on PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. (genscript.com)
  • Reiswig, J.D., Frazer, G.S. and Inpanbutr, N. (1995) Calbindin-D9k expression in the pregnant cow uterus and placenta. (scirp.org)
  • Alonso J.R. (1995) Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin expression in mitotic cells of rat primary cortical cultures. (uv.es)
  • Western blot analysis of calbindin expression in cow cerebellum homogenate. (biosensis.com)
  • Right: Western blot analysis of calbindin expression (antibody dilution: 1:2,000) in rat cerebellum (2), pig hippocampus (3), and cow cerebellum (4). (biosensis.com)
  • In this process, cytosolic Ca 2+ remains at low nontoxic concentrations because the Ca 2+ influx is buffered rapidly by calbindin-D 28K . (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • The bone minerals calcium, phosphate and magnesium are all maintained at higher concentrations in utero to achieve adequate bone accretion. (frontiersin.org)
  • This discovery provided new insight as to why fetal PTH levels were so low, yet fetal calcium levels were maintained higher than and independent of maternal calcium concentrations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Once the baby is born, loss of placental delivery of minerals causes a sudden drop in serum concentrations of these bone minerals which triggers a rise in regulating factors such as PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH) 2 D, calcitriol] and FGF23 to maintain postnatal homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fetal blood calcium concentrations are maintained ~0.3-0.5 mmol/L higher than in maternal circulation, with the placenta transporting 100-150 mg/kg/day of calcium during the third trimester ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, it is obvious that changes in total serum calcium concentration cannot be used for the assessment of the effect on bound calcium concentration unless the changes in albumin and globulin concentrations also are determined. (abdominalkey.com)
  • 2017. Influence of dietary calcium concentrations and the calcium-to-non-phytate phosphorus ratio on growth performance, bone characteristics, and digestibility in broilers. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by media containing free Ca 2+ concentrations that exceed 1 mM, but they manage to maintain a free Ca 2+ concentration in the cytoplasm that is four orders of magnitude lower. (schoolbag.info)
  • At low exposure levels (below 100 mg/kg/day), ingestion of stable strontium poses no harm to organisms with access to adequate calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D (ATSDR 2001e). (cdc.gov)
  • At higher exposure levels, especially under conditions of inadequate calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, stable strontium will interfere with normal bone development, causing `strontium rickets' of variable severity. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption. (lookformedical.com)
  • Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients that are linked to a large array of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sufficient dietary supply of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) is essential for all vertebrates to ensure various biological processes including bone formation, blood clotting, cell proliferation and energy metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP) levels in broiler fed diet containing 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -glycoside on growth performance, bone characteristics and mineral digestibility using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). (tci-thaijo.org)
  • 2013. Calcium and phosphorus digestibility: Metabolic limits1. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • 2018. Non-phytate phosphorus requirement for male broilers subjected to two calcium supply regimens from 8 to 21 days of age under thermoneutral environment conditions. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • NECAB2 was mainly present in excitatory synaptic boutons in the dorsal horn of all three species, and often in calbindin-D28k(+) neuronal somata. (scilifelab.se)
  • Rodent ependymal cells expressed calbindin-D28k. (scilifelab.se)
  • It has been reported that calbindin-D28k binds to and increases the activity of inositol Monophosphatase (IMPase). (diamond.ac.uk)
  • Its role in calcium metabolism and bone health is undisputed but its role in immune function and long-term health is debated. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • 1. Fetal and neonatal mineral metabolism differs significantly from that in later life. (frontiersin.org)
  • The calcium ion is essential to any physiologic phenomena, including preservation of the integrity of cellular membranes, neuromuscular activity, regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretory activities, blood coagulation, activation of the complement system, and bone metabolism. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Calcium metabolism, in turn, is tightly regulated by a series of hormones that affect not only the entry of calcium into the extracellular space from bone and the GI tract but also control its excretion from the kidneys. (medscape.com)
  • Calmodulin and calbindin in pancreatic islet cells. (ac.be)
  • Calbindin 1 or simply calbindin was first shown to be present in the intestine in birds and then found in the mammalian kidney. (wikipedia.org)
  • S100G, formerly calbindin 3 and calbindin-D9k, is present in mammalian enterocytes (epithelial cells of the intestine). (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, significant discoveries including new embryological molecular genetic transcription factors, the role of active placental mineral transport, and hormone regulation factors have changed the understanding of calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the fetus and the newborn. (frontiersin.org)
  • Care, A.D. (1997) Fetal calcium homeostasis. (scirp.org)
  • It has pleotropic actions that extend beyond calcium and phosphate homeostasis, regulation of parathyroid hormone, and the prevention of osteomalacia, rickets, falls, and fractures. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Upon binding of both Calcium ions to the structure, the two ion-binding loops in the structure move approximately 1.00 A together, while the pairs of helices in the structure move approximately 0.45 A together. (molmovdb.org)
  • PTH up-regulates the enzyme responsible for 1-alpha hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D , converting vitamin D to its active form ( 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D ). This actived form of vitamin D affects the absorption of calcium (as Ca 2+ ions) by the intestine via calbindin . (bionity.com)
  • Changes in calcium ions usually are accompanied by changes in total calcium in the ECF. (medscape.com)
  • Alonso J.R. (1995) Calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the rat accessory olfactory bulb. (uv.es)
  • Left and middle: Detection of calbindin immunoreactivity in rat brain cerebellum (Left) and cortex (Middle) sections by Immunohistochemistry . (biosensis.com)
  • For addressing the in vivo role of TRPV5 and calbindin-D 28K in the maintenance of the Ca 2+ balance, single- and double-knockout mice of TRPV5 and calbindin-D 28K (TRPV5 -/- , calbindin-D 28K -/- , and TRPV5 -/- /calbindin-D 28K -/- ) were characterized. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Calbindin D(9k) knockout mice are indistinguishable from wild-type mice in phenotype and serum calcium level. (qiagen.com)
  • Urine appears to be the major route of excretion, with a urine:fecal ratio of approximately 3:1 in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Ca 2+ excretion in TRPV5 -/- /calbindin-D 28K -/- mice was not significantly different from TRPV5 -/- mice, whereas calbindin-D 28K -/- mice did not show hypercalciuria. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Hypercalcemia can result when too much calcium enters the extracellular fluid or when there is insufficient calcium excretion from the kidneys. (medscape.com)
  • Slightly more calcium than phosphate is released from the breakdown of bone, and the intestinal absorption of phosphate (mediated by an increase in activated vitamin D) is not as dependent on vitamin D as is that of calcium. (bionity.com)
  • It enhances active reabsorption of calcium from distal tubules [3] and the thick ascending limb. (bionity.com)
  • These results underline the gatekeeper function of TRPV5 being the rate-limiting step in active Ca 2+ reabsorption, unlike calbindin-D 28K , which possibly is compensated by calbindin-D 9K . (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Passive and active transport of bone-minerals occurs across the placenta to achieve higher fetal concentration of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium compared to maternal levels. (frontiersin.org)
  • Experiment 1, growth performance and bone characteristics were studied using 270 male Ross 308 broilers. (tci-thaijo.org)
  • Plasma calcium is maintained despite its large movements across the gut, bone, kidney, and cells. (medscape.com)
  • Calcium plays a critical role in several body functions such as, coagulation pathways, bone health, nerve conduction, and other functions. (dssurgery.com)
  • The sequence of calbindin is 263 residues in length and has only one chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • the presence of calbindin increases the amount of calcium crossing the cell without raising the free concentration. (wikipedia.org)
  • S100G may also stimulate the basolateral calcium-pumping ATPases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, Ca 2+ that is bound to calbindin-D 28K is shuttled toward the basolateral Ca 2+ extrusion systems. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • Because the proportion of bound calcium varies little within individuals, in the absence of severe acidosis or alkalosis , the amount of albumin is the major factor determining the amount of calcium that is bound. (medscape.com)
  • In 2018 the X-ray crystal structure of human calbindin was published (PDB entry 6FIE). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chem Phys 148 , 215101:1-21 (2018). (lu.se)
  • Chem Phys 148 , 215102:1-12 (2018). (lu.se)
  • Chem Phys 148 , 215103:1-19 (2018). (lu.se)
  • Chem Phys 148 , 215104:1-15 (2018). (lu.se)
  • It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca 2+ ) in the blood , whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland ) acts to decrease calcium concentration. (bionity.com)
  • Increased calcium concentration in the blood acts (via feedback inhibition ) to decrease PTH secretion by the parathyroid glands. (bionity.com)
  • Thus, serum water is forced across the membrane, and the ultrafiltrate is analyzed for calcium concentration and then corrected for total serum solids. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Serum-ionized calcium concentration in normal subjects ranges from 4.0 to 4.9 mg/dL, or 47% of total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • The samples have to be handled anaerobically because changes in pH alter the concentration of ionized calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • The normal concentration of cytosolic calcium is 100 nM/L, which is 10,000-fold lower than the concentration of extracellular calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
  • thus calcium concentration is higher in fetus than in maternal blood. (scirp.org)
  • this is closely related to the extracellular concentration of calcium. (medscape.com)
  • Cytosolic calcium can be measured by loading the tested cells with a fluorescent probe such as indo-1-acetoxymethyl ester and exciting the cells at 350 nM. (abdominalkey.com)
  • In certain types of cells, a Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, energized by a Na + -gradient, helps drive cytosolic calcium into the extracellular space. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Scientific Background Buffers cytosolic calcium. (biosensis.com)
  • Calbindin is a vitamin D-responsive gene in many tissues, in particular the chick intestine, where it has a clear function in mediating calcium absorption. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is encoded in humans by the CALB2 gene and was formerly known as calbindin-D29k. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electron microscope study of the Calbindin gene organisation. (ac.be)
  • Indeed, a profound holistic effect on well-being has been linked to a number of nonclassic actions of the vitamin (Figure 1 ) [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It enhances the absorption of calcium in the intestine by increasing the production of activated vitamin D . Vitamin D activation occurs in the kidney. (bionity.com)
  • It results from excessive PTH suppression from the use of vitamin D preparations or from excessive calcium exposure in the form of calcium-containing phosphate binders or high-calcium dialysis solutions. (medquizzes.net)
  • However, despite the presence of abundant sunlight, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency is high even among those who live within 1,000 km of the equator, such as the populations of India, Sri Lanka, and Far Eastern, Middle Eastern, and Persian Gulf countries [1-4]. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Vitamin K 'pairs up' with vitamin D in the body, much like magnesium pairs up with calcium. (peachvitamins.com)
  • The result is that vitamin K and magnesium can both help keep calcium in the bones and out of the blood vessels and other soft tissues. (peachvitamins.com)
  • Wooding, F.B.P., Morgan, G., Jones, G.V. and Care, A.D. (1996) Calcium transport and the localization of calbidin- D9K in the ruminant placenta during the second half of pregnancy. (scirp.org)
  • Sweiry, J.H. and Yudi-levich, D.L. (1984) Asymmetric calcium influx and efflux at maternal and fetal sides of the guinea-pig placenta: Kinetics and specificity. (scirp.org)
  • Urine analysis indicated that TRPV5 -/- / calbindin-D 28K -/- mice exhibit on both diets hypercalciuria compared with wild-type mice. (researchwithrutgers.com)
  • 4. A thorough understanding of the topic is essential to correct diagnosis and treatment of disorders of calcium and phosphate in the newborn. (frontiersin.org)
  • Absorption of strontium from the gastrointestinal tract shares a common mechanism with absorption of calcium. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcium absorption is higher in physiologic states in which there is an increased demand for calcium, such as pregnancy and lactation, suggesting that strontium absorption may also be higher as well. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcium is measured to evaluate function and adequacy of a physiologic processes. (dssurgery.com)
  • They were found to exist in two distinct sizes with a molecular weight of approximately 9 kDa and 28 kDa, and they were renamed calbindins. (wikipedia.org)
  • CALCIUM: The Molecular Basis of Calcium Action in Biology and Medicine. (ac.be)
  • Calbindin (red) is predominantly expressed in the dendrites and perikarya of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer of cerebellum (left), and selectively expressed in certain type of interneurons (calbindin-postive interneuron) in the cortex (middle). (biosensis.com)
  • Calbindin antibody prominently labels the dendrites and perikarya of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer of cerebellum. (biosensis.com)
  • 2001). Some T3, the active form of thyroid hormone, is secreted directly by the thyroid along with T4, but most T3 is produced from T4 by one of two deiodinases (Types I and II 1 ) in the peripheral tissue (Schneider et al. (nationalacademies.org)
  • This article will guide clinicians through an updated review of calcium and phosphate physiology, then review specific conditions pertinent to successful neonatal care. (frontiersin.org)
  • Journal of Physiology, 371, 1-16. (scirp.org)
  • Alternatively, the Ionized calcium can be calculated by the following formula: Corrected calcium mg/dL = (0.8 * (Normal Albumin - Pt's Albumin)) + Serum Ca ) or use the calculator at the bottom of this post. (dssurgery.com)
  • The low Albumin level accounts for the low calcium level. (dssurgery.com)
  • The placental transfer of maternal calcium to the fetus represents a vital mechanism for fetal development and breast-milk production, yet little meaningful information is currently available regarding the biochemical mechanisms involved in this process. (scirp.org)
  • Weatherley, A.J., Ross, R., Pickard, D.W. and Care, A.D. (1983) The transfer of calcium during perfusion of the placenta in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized sheep. (scirp.org)
  • Small angle X-ray scattering indicates that the crystal structure better predicts the properties of calbindin in solution compared with the structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) promotes both survival and neuritogenesis in PC12 cells through activation of nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) pathway: involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), calcium, and c-REL. (genscript.com)
  • Nuclear magnetic relaxation induced by exchange-mediated orientational randomization: Longitudinal relaxation dispersion for a dipole-coupled spin-1/2 pair. (lu.se)
  • Calbindin acts as a calcium buffer and calcium sensor and can hold four Ca2+ in the EF-hands of loops EF1, EF3, EF4 and EF5. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is achieved by the activation of calcium-sensing receptors located on parathyroid cells. (bionity.com)
  • Chem Phys 145 , 034202:1-18 (2016). (lu.se)
  • Chem Phys 144 , 084202:1-16 (2016). (lu.se)
  • Studies of calcium transfer across the placenta have been reviewed because of the physiological and nutritional importance of this mineral during pregnancy, especially in order to better understand its contribution to development of the fetal skeleton. (scirp.org)