ActivatesIntracellular calcium concentrationInhibitorProtein kinasesPLA2Arachidonic acidCytosolic calciumEnzymeHydrolysisCPLA2SignalingEnzymesPhosphoinositideMoleculeInhibitionExtracellularReceptorsRegulationInhibitorsConcentrationMechanismSignal transductionReceptorPhosphatePathwayImprovesPrimarilyMobilizationCellsChannelsDeltaActivityGlutamateApoptosisLevelsChannel
Activates1
- Extracellular adenosine triphosphate activates phospholipase C and mobilizes intracellular calcium in primary cultures of sheep anterior pituitary cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Intracellular calcium concentration1
Inhibitor4
- Antiapoptosis action of Li + was prevented in the presence of U-73122, a selective phospholipase C inhibitor, and was not observed in PLCγ1-null fibroblasts. (ewha.ac.kr)
- 3-[3-Amino-4-(indan-2-yloxy)-5-(1-methyl-1 H -indazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-propionic acid (AK106-001616) is a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of the cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) enzyme. (aspetjournals.org)
- The effects of mediator modifying drugs, as well as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril), a calcium channel blocking agent (TMB8) and capsaicin were tested. (cdc.gov)
- Pyrilamine, Acivicin, NDGA, and BPB (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) moderately reduced WGE-induced constriction. (cdc.gov)
Protein kinases1
- ROS may induce intracellular calcium increase and subsequent contraction of PASMCs via direct or indirect interactions with protein kinases, phospholipases, sarcoplasmic calcium channels, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-dependent potassium channels and L-type calcium channels, whose relevance may vary under different experimental conditions. (ersjournals.com)
PLA22
- The 2.0 angstroms crystal structure of a complex containing bee-venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and a phosphonate transition-state analogue was solved by multiple isomorphous replacement. (rcsb.org)
- Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is required for memory retrieval, and its inhibition in the hippocampus has been reported to impair memory acquisition in rats. (springer.com)
Arachidonic acid2
- Phospholipase A2 - cleaves the sn-2 acyl chain, releasing arachidonic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α), the key enzyme of the arachidonic acid cascade, is considered to be an interesting target for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. (bvsalud.org)
Cytosolic calcium1
- Treatments with pertussis-toxin, inhibition of phospholipase C and protein kinase C inhibitors and chelation of free cytosolic calcium did not change the bradykinin-induced inhibition of phosphotyrosine kinase. (nih.gov)
Enzyme4
- Comparison of the bee-venom enzyme with other phospholipase structures provides compelling evidence for a common catalytic mechanism. (rcsb.org)
- A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. (wikipedia.org)
- Phospholipase A2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees, blennies and viper snakes. (wikipedia.org)
- These effects include increased enzyme content, destabilization of lysosomal and zymogen granules, sustained increase in calcium overload, and activation of pancreatic stellate cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Hydrolysis2
- Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes promote intracellular calcium release through the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols and is implicated in cardiovascular disease. (purdue.edu)
- Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) is a member of the phospholipase A2 family that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipid at the sn-2 position to liberate free fatty acid and lysophospholipid. (auburn.edu)
CPLA22
- The contents of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in hippocampal neurons and tissue were increased after treatment with Aβ1-42 oligomers. (nin.nl)
- The activation of calcium-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is involved in inflammatory signaling and is elevated within the plaques of AD brains. (bvsalud.org)
Signaling8
- Phospholipase C delta-4 overexpression upregulates ErbB1/2 expression, Erk signaling pathway, and proliferation in MCF-7 cells. (nih.gov)
- Acids trigger the release of bound calcium from cellular stores and the consequent increase in free cytosolic Ca2+, an essential step in calcium signaling to regulate intracellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
- The microtubule protein tubulin regulates adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase Cβ 1 (PLCβ 1 ) signaling via transactivation of the G-protein subunits Gαs, Gαi1, and Gαq. (jneurosci.org)
- Calcium plays a key role as a second messenger system in astrocytes, both in regulation of many subcellular processes and in long distance intercellular signaling. (jneurosci.org)
- Chen HM, De Long CJ, Bame M, Rajapakse I, Herron TJ, McInnis MG, O'Shea KS (2014) Transcripts involved in calcium signaling and telencephalic neuronal fate are altered in induced pluripotent stem cells from bipolar disorder patients. (springer.com)
- A native of San Jose, Calif., Sieng is studying aberrant changes in calcium signaling within the cardiovascular system. (purdue.edu)
- This review discusses the similarities and differences between the morphology of astrocytes and astrocytoma cells, and the role that dysregulation in glutamate and calcium signaling plays in the aberrant morphology of astrocytoma cells. (mdpi.com)
- For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
Enzymes4
- This gene encodes a member of the delta class of phospholipase C enzymes. (nih.gov)
- Phospholipase C enzymes play a critical role in many cellular processes by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into two intracellular second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. (nih.gov)
- In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)
- High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
Phosphoinositide1
- A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by its association with HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS. (curehunter.com)
Molecule1
- Phospholipase A2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyzes the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition3
- Moreover, inhibition of Ca(2+)-activated secretion by PtdIns(4,5)P2-specific antibodies and phospholipase C implies that 5-phosphorylated inositides play a novel, necessary role in the regulated secretory pathway. (nih.gov)
- The inhibition could be mimicked by the L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine (1 μ m ) as well as by protein kinase C (PKC) activators phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (10 μ m ) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (500 n m ), and blocked by the PKC inactivator (±)-1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (200 μ m ), suggesting a mechanism involving PKC modulation of L-type calcium channels. (jneurosci.org)
- In hypothalamic neurons, modulators such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and adenosine depress glutamatergic transmission by either a pertussis toxin (PTx)-sensitive G-protein-coupled pathway or by inhibition of voltage-activated calcium channels (VACCs). (jneurosci.org)
Extracellular2
- These results demonstrate P2-purinoceptors in sheep anterior pituitary cells which are coupled to phospholipase C activation and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and raise the possibility of a regulatory role for extracellular ATP in the anterior pituitary. (ox.ac.uk)
- Another ATP-driven pump helps keep extracellular calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) 10,000 times more concentrated than within the cytoplasm. (benbest.com)
Receptors1
- Postsynaptic membranes contain several types of glutamate receptors, notably NMDA & AMPA receptors, which allow calcium ion entry. (benbest.com)
Regulation1
- The goal of my research is to understand how PLCepsilon and Rap1A interact with one another to regulate the concentration of calcium in cells using biochemical and structural approaches, and a greater understanding of this interaction will provide needed details into the mechanism underlying their role in calcium regulation and may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat cardiovascular disease," Sieng explained. (purdue.edu)
Inhibitors1
- Preincubation of cardiomyocytes with phospholipase C, cytosolic phospholipase A2, and/or Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II inhibitors before PC or MC application prevents cell death, increases lag period and reduces maximal [Ca 2+ ] i Both PC and MC dramatically increase the frequency Of Ca 2+ sparks and Ca 2+ waves in cardiomyocytes and promote the formation of sustained microdomains with elevated calcium concentration. (utmb.edu)
Concentration1
Mechanism1
- In contrast, mGluRs modulated serotonin (5HT)-evoked calcium rises through a different mechanism. (jneurosci.org)
Signal transduction1
- Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (bvsalud.org)
Receptor5
- Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs). (nin.nl)
- En cada sistema de transducción de señales, media una señal de activación/inhibición procedente de una molécula biológica activa (hormona, neurotransmisor) merced al acoplamiento de un receptor/enzima a un segundo sistema mensajero o a un canal iónico. (bvsalud.org)
- Como ejemplos de sistema de transducción de señal tenemos el sistema del ACIDO GAMMA-AMINOBUTÍRICO-receptor postsináptico-canal iónico de calcio, la vía de activación del receptor mediado por las células T, y el receptor que media la activación de fosfolipasas. (bvsalud.org)
- Los relacionados con la despolarización de la membrana o la liberación intracelular de calcio incluyen el receptor que media la activación de funciones citotóxicas en los granulocitos y la potenciación sináptica de la activación de proteincinasa. (bvsalud.org)
- Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphate2
- Phospholipase C - cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. (wikipedia.org)
- Phospholipase D - cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phosphatidic acid and an alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
Pathway1
- Activated PI3-K seemed to increase [Ca 2+ ] i via the phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) pathway. (ewha.ac.kr)
Improves1
- Long-term treatment improves the quality of life and survival rate in patients who are proven responders to calcium channel blockers (CCBs). (medscape.com)
Primarily1
- Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase. (wikipedia.org)
Mobilization1
Cells2
- Phospholipase C delta 4 (PLCδ4) is a nuclear protein involved in cell proliferation and senescence in mesenchymal stromal stem cells. (nih.gov)
- The type III mGluR agonist l -2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate consistently inhibited 5HT-evoked calcium rises, whereas in a smaller number of cells quisqualate and L-CCG-I showed both inhibitory and additive effects. (jneurosci.org)
Channels2
- Mibefradil is a tetralol derivative originally developed as an antagonist of T-type voltage-gated calcium (Ca 2+ ) channels to treat hypertension when used at nanomolar dosage. (nyu.edu)
- Postsynaptic membranes contain two voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type & T-type) as well as a sodium/calcium exchanger, but the NMDA channel is particularly adept at allowing large amounts of calcium ion to enter the cell. (benbest.com)
Delta1
- It is structurally related to PHOSPHOLIPASE C DELTA with the addition of C-terminal extension of 400 residues. (curehunter.com)
Activity2
- We discuss possible mechanisms Of Ca 2+ microdomain formation, where the vicious circle of Ca 2+ -dependent phospholipase activity arises. (utmb.edu)
- This effect was found to depend on the Ca 2+ increase mediated by the phospholipase C-β (PLC-β) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways, as well as by the reverse activity of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger. (molvis.org)
Glutamate1
- We studied modulation of glutamate-evoked calcium rises in primary astrocyte cultures using fura-2 ratiometric digital calcium imaging. (jneurosci.org)
Apoptosis1
- Countering NADH production, calcium action on the mitochondrial permeability transition pores increases inner membrane permeability thereby reducing proton potential, causing the matrix to swell and ultimately releasing cytochrome c (an initiator of apoptosis). (benbest.com)
Levels1
- Additionally, it can be influenced by environmental factors, such as changes in calcium levels and cellular stress. (creativebiomart.net)
Channel1
- Catheterization is also performed to determine pulmonary vasoreactivity, which can be prognostic and figures in the initiation and titration of high-dose calcium channel blocker (CCB) therapy. (medscape.com)