Effect of calcitriolConcentrationsParathyroid hormoneCYP24A1Calcium2023PhosphateCalcidiol2018CholecalciferolPhosphorusMetaboliteLiverKidneysNmolHormoneFGF23BoneSerum levelDiabetes mellitusKidneyEnhancesBindsInappropriatelyRicketsMagnesiumVitamin D is usuallyDosesAlkalineLevelsTopicallyAngiogenesisIntracellularHyperparathyroidismDeficiencyMaternalGenomicOsteomalaciaUrineCalcificationChronicPhysiologicalApoptosisLevelSignificantlyMiceSignificanceIrradiationReceptorActiveImmuneNutrientsEnzymeFoundSynthesisMethods
Effect of calcitriol2
- Inhibition of calcitriol metabolism by 24-hydroxylase promotes growth inhibition effect of calcitriol. (jcancer.org)
- This is the first study to indicate the importance and beneficial effect of calcitriol therapy on survival in PD patients with COVID-19 infection. (bvsalud.org)
Concentrations7
- Another meta-analysis of nested case-control studies found a step-wise inverse association beyond a threshold of 27 ng/mL, but with flattening of effects above 35 ng/mL, in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal.5 Unexpectedly, the meta-analysis conducted by Ordonez-Mena et al12 showed increased breast cancer risk with higher 25(OH)D concentrations. (vitamindwiki.com)
- SGLT2i may alter renal tubular phosphate reabsorption and are associated with increased serum concentrations of phosphate, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), parathyroid hormone (PTH), decreased 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, as well as increased bone turnover. (lww.com)
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were available for 116 patients included in prospective trials in our clinic. (karger.com)
- Once the baby is born, loss of placental delivery of minerals causes a sudden drop in serum concentrations of these bone minerals which triggers a rise in regulating factors such as PTH, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH) 2 D, calcitriol] and FGF23 to maintain postnatal homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
- In mice fed normal diets and given injections of 1,25(OH)2D3, liver and plasma concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased and decreased in unison. (nih.gov)
- Treatment with 25(OH)D can normalize 1,25(OH) 2 D concentrations in patients with vitamin D deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Cholecalciferol treatment resulted in stable calcium concentrations and a substantial increase in calcitriol. (medscape.com)
Parathyroid hormone4
- Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D) is tightly controlled by plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium, serum phosphate, and fibroblast-like growth factor 23 (FGF-23). (medscape.com)
- Pi is regulated by parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Changes in the transport of Pi are the primary factor responsible for the regulation of Pi homeostasis and the calcification process. (revistanefrologia.com)
- Methods Ninety-five patients with CKD Stages 3-4, parathyroid hormone (PTH) above 6.8 pmol/L and calcidiol below 75 nmol/L were randomized to receive either cholecalciferol 8000 IU/day or placebo for 12 weeks. (medscape.com)
- A plasma concentration of calcidiol [25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D)] below 75 nmol/L is associated with an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) in healthy subjects. (medscape.com)
CYP24A13
- Both forms undergo hydroxylation in the liver by mitochondrial and microsomal 24-hydroxylase (encoded by CYP24A1) to yield 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) or cal- cidiol. (vitamindwiki.com)
- Calcitriol is mainly catabolized by 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) to 1α,24,25(OH) 2 D 3 which loses its bioactivity ( 1 ). (jcancer.org)
- Similarly, incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 increased levels of Cyp24a1/CYP24A1 and Cyp7a1/CYP7A1 mRNA in mouse and human hepatocytes, and reduced levels of Shp mRNA in mouse hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
Calcium7
- After Vitamin D Supplementation there Is an Increase in Serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D but no evidence of a Threshold Response in Calcium Absorption. (creighton.edu)
- Calcitriol induces a number of non-genomic responses including rapid intestinal absorption of calcium, release of calcium from intracellular stores, opening of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels, and the activation of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
- From this, the body develops the hormone "calcitriol", which supplies the bones with calcium and modulates the immune system. (sundtsupplements.com)
- In premenopausal and postmenopausal women, serum levels of 25-OHD, phosphorus and calcium were stable across the age span. (who.int)
- Chez les femmes préménopausées et postménopausées, la concentration sérique en 25-OHD, en phosphore et en calcium était stable dans la fourchette d'âge. (who.int)
- 24-Hour urinary calcium excretion is used to seperate the patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and typical primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
- Pregnancy is characterized by physiologic changes in mineral metabolism, to allow calcium accretion in the fetal skeleton [ 1-3] . (who.int)
20232
- 37(3): 119-130, 2023 03. (bvsalud.org)
- 15(9)2023 Apr 24. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphate3
- However, phosphate retention and FGF-23 also contribute to the decreased synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D. (medscape.com)
- Laboratory evaluation was notable for persistent hypophosphatemia due to urinary phosphate wasting, low to low-normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, elevated alkaline phosphatase and elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). (biomedcentral.com)
- Defective phosphate transport and hypophosphatemia in this case result in appropriately increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels, thus leading to hypercalciuria. (msdmanuals.com)
Calcidiol3
- Collectively, the two forms together are referred to simply as 25-hydroxyvitamin D, also known as calcifediol or calcidiol. (creighton.edu)
- The first hydroxylation occurs in the liver and converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D, calcidiol). (peertechzpublications.org)
- When it is ingested this way, your liver first converts it into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcidiol) before your kidneys convert it into 1,25-dihydroxyVitamin D (calcitriol). (crazybulk.fr)
20182
- 2018. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-eluting nanofibrous dressings induce endogenous antimicrobial peptide expression. . (oregonstate.edu)
- 2018;33(3):466-471. (medscape.com)
Cholecalciferol3
- The 2 main sources of vitamin D in humans are vitamin D 3 ( cholecalciferol ), produced by the skin after ultraviolet (UV) radiation (290-320nm)-dependent conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol, and dietary intake of either vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) or vitamin D 3 . (medscape.com)
- Conclusion Treatment with high daily doses of cholecalciferol in patients with CKD Stages 3-4 halts the progression of SHPT and does not cause hypercalcaemia or other side effects. (medscape.com)
- The primary aim of this study was to determine if treatment with high-dose cholecalciferol (8000 IU/day as oral drops) for 12 weeks in CKD Stages 3-4 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) resulted in differences in change in PTH levels as compared with placebo. (medscape.com)
Phosphorus2
- She was prescribed phosphorus supplementation, restarted on calcitriol therapy and advised to discontinue bisphosphonate therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
- One month postoperatively, phosphorus and calcitriol supplementation were discontinued with subsequent normalization of the serum phosphorus (4.4 mg/dL) and FGF23 (94 RU/mL) levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolite5
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D is a metabolite of vitamin D that is present in food, is the predominant form of circulating vitamin D, and is the form that healthcare professionals measure to determine an individual's vitamin D status. (creighton.edu)
- In the skin, 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to vitamin D 3 , which is hydroxylated to 25(OH)D 3 by 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 (1α, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, calcitriol), the hormonally active metabolite, by 1α-hydroxylase in the kidney ( 1 ). (jcancer.org)
- This approach loses sight of the fact that many factors will mediate how 25-hydroxyvitamin D is converted to the active secosteroid hormone calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and the most potent metabolite of vitamin D. In addition, many pathogenic influences will alter the course of intracellular transport of calcitriol and nuclear binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR). (wakeup-world.com)
- Finally, XLH patients demonstrate a normal or low serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, suggestive of inadequate formation of this vitamin D metabolite. (medscape.com)
- Next, the kidneys hydroxylate this metabolite to 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D, calcitriol), the biologically active form of vitamin D. Many cells in other organ systems in the human body have vitamin D receptors, and some of these also convert 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D [6]. (peertechzpublications.org)
Liver3
- Following synthesis in the skin or dietary intake, both forms of vitamin D are transported to the liver, and are hydroxylated to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, respectively. (creighton.edu)
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is also found in certain foods, particularly animal products such as meat, liver, and eggs. (creighton.edu)
- Vitamin D influences these levels after its dihydroxylation into calcitriol (at the 25 position in the liver and the 1 position in the kidney). (medscape.com)
Kidneys2
- The 25(OH)D is then transported in the circulation by the vitamin D-binding protein and further metabolized in kidneys to produce 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) (by 101-hydroxylase that is encoded by CYP27B1) or calcitriol. (vitamindwiki.com)
- In granulomatous disease such as lymphoproliferative disorders, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, 1α-hydroxylase enzyme activity was found in macrophages as the extrarenal source of 1,25(OH) 2 D. When 1α-hydroxylase is activated, it converts 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH) 2 D, just as what occurs under physiologic conditions in the kidneys. (medscape.com)
Nmol1
- In a systematic review of 18 studies conducted in Western countries during the first trimester, white Caucasian pregnant women were found to have a mean 25(OH)D level between 29 and 73 nmol/l [9 ]. (who.int)
Hormone2
- As a steroid hormone that regulates mineral homeostasis and bone metabolism, 1α, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) also has broad spectrum anti-tumor activities as supported by numerous epidemiological and experimental studies. (jcancer.org)
- Another important novel finding was made in 2000, when bone-derived hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) was found to cause autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets (ADHR), which provided the underlying mechanism for the previously unknown "phosphaturic factor" causing hypophosphataemia ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
FGF232
- Hypophosphatemia with elevated FGF23 and low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level in the setting of multiple atraumatic fractures necessitates careful evaluation for biochemical evidence of tumor-induced osteomalacia. (biomedcentral.com)
- Eight months postoperatively, at her initial endocrinology visit, repeat biochemical evaluation was remarkable for normal iPTH level, persistent hypophosphatemia, low-normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevated plasma FGF23 (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Bone2
Serum level1
- It has been estimated that ≥20 ng/mL is the serum level of 25(OH)D that covers the vitamin D needs of 97.5% of the population [11,12]. (peertechzpublications.org)
Diabetes mellitus1
- After univariate Cox regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (DM) and calcitriol therapy were found to be potential predictors of mortality. (bvsalud.org)
Kidney5
- Ultimately, 25-hydroxyvitamin D is further hydroxylated in the kidney to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D [3]. (creighton.edu)
- Decreased levels of 1,25(OH) 2 D can result from chronic kidney disease , various heritable disorders, tumor-induced osteomalacia, the use of HIV protease inhibitors, or severe vitamin D deficiency . (medscape.com)
- Chronic kidney disease: Low 1,25(OH) 2 D levels have been shown to present even in early stages of kidney failure. (medscape.com)
- The decrease of 1,25(OH) 2 D level is more prominent when kidney failure progresses. (medscape.com)
- [ 3 ] Impaired production of the enzyme 1α-hydroxylase in kidney failure was thought to be the main mechanism. (medscape.com)
Enhances1
- Calcitriol enhances the cytotoxic effects of gamma irradiation and certain antioxidants and naturally derived compounds. (jcancer.org)
Binds2
- In genomic pathways, calcitriol binds to intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR), which subsequently heterodimerizes with another nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor (RXR). (jcancer.org)
- These functions are activated when calcitriol binds to the site of the VDR nuclear receptor. (wakeup-world.com)
Inappropriately2
- Hypophosphatemia and inappropriately low to normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level in patients with atraumatic fractures is concerning for TIO [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Even the serum concentration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is inappropriately normal or low in XLH patients. (medscape.com)
Rickets2
- Increased 1,25(OH) 2 D levels can result from extrarenal 1α-hydroxylation or hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets. (medscape.com)
- Calcitriol levels may be normal in patients with rickets, suggesting that it is not the only active form of the vitamin. (medscape.com)
Magnesium1
- The present review aimed to discuss the negative effects of certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies, such as vitamin D, magnesium, and omega‑3 fatty acids, on the central nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
Vitamin D is usually1
- 25-Hydroxy vitamin D is usually normal among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
Doses1
- Several trials have demonstrated that safe and feasible to administer high doses of calcitriol through intermittent regimen. (jcancer.org)
Alkaline1
- Furthermore, 23 formalin- set and paraffin-embedded pterygium biopsy examples and 24 conjunctiva specimens had been treated for the immunohistochemical demo of VDR using the streptavidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase technique. (bibf1120.com)
Levels11
- Low levels of plasma 25(OH)D 3 are associated with higher cancer incidence and mortality in men in colorectal, breast, lung and prostate cancers ( 7 - 10 ). (jcancer.org)
- The biologically active form of vitamin D is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D). Measuring serum levels of 1,25(OH) 2 D should be considered upon suspicion of deficiency or excess of 1,25(OH) 2 D. (medscape.com)
- In a study by Levin et al (2007), 13% of patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 80 mL/min and more than 60% of patients with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min had low serum levels of 1,25(OH) 2 D. (medscape.com)
- A positive correlation between serum levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D was observed during seasonal changes. (medscape.com)
- Vitamin D influences these levels after its dihydroxylation into calcitriol. (medscape.com)
- Some medical research has determined that low levels of 25 (OH) D are a consequence of chronic inflammation, rather than its cause. (wakeup-world.com)
- hypophosphatemia would normally cause elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels. (msdmanuals.com)
- these women also have high serum levels of anti-angiogenic soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), which is known to be located on the chromosome13 and 3 (15). (ac.ir)
- Indeed, it is in anticipation to such requirements that maternal calcitriol levels increase during pregnancy. (who.int)
- While the total calcitriol levels double in the first trimester, free calcitriol levels do not increase until the third trimester, and remain so into lactation [2, 4] . (who.int)
- The changes in calcitriol levels led to the description of pregnancy as a state of absorptive hypercalciuria [1 , 2 ]. (who.int)
Topically2
- When calcipotriene was applied topically to mice for up to 24 months at dosages of 3, 10 and 30 µg/kg/day (corresponding to 9, 30 and 90 µg/m2/day), no significant changes in tumor incidence were observed when compared to control. (globalrph.com)
- The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D have been described following chronic oral administration to mice or supplementation of cell cultures with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), the active form of vitamin D. In this study, topically applied 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , enhanced the suppressive capacity of CD4 + CD25 + cells from the draining lymph nodes. (aai.org)
Angiogenesis2
- Calcitriol elicits anti-tumor effects mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, angiogenesis and the inhibition of cell invasiveness by a number of mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
- The broad spectrum anti-tumor effects of calcitriol and analogs are mostly based on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (jcancer.org)
Intracellular1
- On the other hand, non-genomic actions may indirectly affect gene transcription via the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways that target transcription factors ( 3 ). (jcancer.org)
Hyperparathyroidism3
- Serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D ( calcitriol ) concentration are significantly lower in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia than primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
- Low serum vitamin D (25-hydroxy vitamin D) may be found if vitamin D deficiency is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
- [3] Causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism should be rules out for making the diagnosis of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
Deficiency1
- Severe vitamin D deficiency: 25(OH)D is the main substrate of 1,25(OH) 2 D. Vitamin D deficiency can affect the production of 1,25(OH) 2 D owing to the lack of substrate. (medscape.com)
Maternal3
- Many researchers suggest an impaired response of the maternal immune system or abnormal development of maternal immune tolerance to the development of the allogenic fetus [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Worldwide, 25 percent of maternal deaths are related to preeclampsia (4). (ac.ir)
- Maternal 25(OH)D and chemistries will be assessed at study entry, during the third trimester and at delivery. (who.int)
Genomic2
- Calcitriol acts through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms ( 2 ). (jcancer.org)
- In addition, calcitriol has rapid effects that are independent of gene transcription regulation, which are defined as non-genomic effects and not mediated directly through steroid receptor-ligand-DNA interaction. (jcancer.org)
Osteomalacia1
- In tumor-induced osteomalacia, tumor-secreted FGF-23 inhibits enzyme 1α-hydroxylase and subsequently results in decreased 1,25(OH) 2 D synthesis. (medscape.com)
Urine1
- Blood, urine and food samples were obtained for later analysis, while questionnaire and 3-day diet information was recorded. (nutritionstudies.org)
Calcification1
- Finally, a genetic absence of the receptor for calcitriol results in deficient calcification. (medscape.com)
Chronic1
- 16,20-24 For a long period many authors have got labelled pterygium being a chronic degenerative development disorder, but, following breakthrough of p53 overexpression in the epithelium,15,25-28 it really is regarded as an UV-related tumor now. (bibf1120.com)
Physiological1
- Vitamin D in its active form - calcitriol is of great importance for many physiological functions. (wakeup-world.com)
Apoptosis1
- Trophoblast hypoxia could explain the death of cells, mainly in the mechanism of apoptosis [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Level3
- Research indicates that the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria can lead to a high level of 1.25 (OH) 2D and 25 (OH) D low. (wakeup-world.com)
- Findings have shown that low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level is a possible risk factor for incidence of preeclampsia during pregnancy. (ac.ir)
- 25(OH)D level will be compared between the 2 arms, using Chi-Square. (who.int)
Significantly2
- Nevertheless, the use of calcitriol in therapy significantly reduced mortality in this patient group, as shown by the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. (bvsalud.org)
- Following the sensitization of recipient mice with OVA, the proportion of CD4 + Foxp3 + cells of donor origin significantly increased in recipients of CD4 + CD25 + cells from the SDLN of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated mice, indicating that these regulatory T cells can expand in vivo with antigenic stimulation. (aai.org)
Mice4
- these changes were not observed in Shp(-/-) mice given 1,25(OH)2D3 and fed Western diets. (nih.gov)
- In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of livers from mice showed that injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased recruitment of Vdr and rodent retinoid X receptor to the Shp promoter. (nih.gov)
- CD4 + cells from the skin-draining lymph nodes (SDLN) of either 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated or UVB-irradiated mice had reduced capacity to proliferate to Ags presented in vitro, and could suppress Ag-specific immune responses upon adoptive transfer into naive mice. (aai.org)
- Furthermore, purified CD4 + CD25 + cells from the SDLN of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated or UVB-irradiated mice compared with equal numbers of CD4 + CD25 + cells from control mice had increased capacity to suppress immune responses in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems. (aai.org)
Significance1
- After a follow-up period of 30 months from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluated the significance of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) therapy, primary disease, biochemical and hematologic analyzes, and previously performed glycan analysis by lectin-based microarray as predictors of mortality in this patient group. (bvsalud.org)
Irradiation2
- The effects of topical 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 were compared with those of UVB irradiation, which is the environmental factor required for 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 production in skin. (aai.org)
- These studies suggest that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 may be an important mediator by which UVB-irradiation exerts some of its immunomodulatory effects. (aai.org)
Receptor1
- b) 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (but not tamoxifen), genistein (but not genistin), daidzein, and probably other nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents could up-regulate expression of p27 via receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RPTKs), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoinosite-dependent kinase (PDK), Akt/PKB and mTOR. (biomedcentral.com)
Active1
- The active form of vitamin D, calcitriol , is one of the most powerful hormones in the human body, endowed with the ability to activate over 2,000 genes (roughly 10% of the human genome). (lifeextension.com)
Immune2
- At present, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is not available as a dietary supplement in the United States.If it were available, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 could more rapidly and effectively optimize vitamin D status and support immune function. (creighton.edu)
- 2014. Regulation of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary immune cells. . (oregonstate.edu)
Nutrients1
- Still, your skin's ability to synthesize a portion of its daily requirement directly from sunlight 3 makes vitamin D unique among all other nutrients. (lifeextension.com)
Enzyme1
- The initial step in the metabolic activation process is the introduction of a hydroxyl group at the side chain at C-25 by the hepatic enzyme, CYP 27 (a vitamin D-25-hydroxylase). (medscape.com)
Found5
- Vitamin D2 (also called ergocalciferol) is found primarily in mushrooms, plants, and yeast [3]. (creighton.edu)
- 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the predominant circulating form of vitamin D found in the bloodstream, and is the form measured by medical professionals to determine a person's vitamin D status. (creighton.edu)
- [ 8 ] The prevalence rate of documented osteoporotic fractures was found to be 29% in patients with emphysema and 25% in patients with cystic fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was found in 52.9% of the women. (who.int)
- Elevated 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D ( calcitriol ) may be found in around half of patients. (wikidoc.org)
Synthesis1
- HIV protease inhibitors have been reported to markedly suppress the activities of 25- and 1α-hydroxylase and thus affect 1,25(OH) 2 D synthesis. (medscape.com)
Methods1
- Reference ranges of 1,25(OH) 2 D vary since different laboratories may use different methods for measuring 1,25(OH) 2 D and different units of measurement. (medscape.com)