AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureNamed GroupsHealth Care
Inhalation ExposureCadmiumAdministration, InhalationCadmium PoisoningAtmosphere Exposure ChambersCadmium ChlorideIsocyanatesAerosolsAir Pollutants, OccupationalCyanatesOccupational ExposureSkin AbsorptionPlutoniumSmoke Inhalation InjuryCadmium CompoundsBody BurdenBurns, InhalationRats, Inbred F344SiloxanesEnvironmental MonitoringAir PollutantsVolatilizationPaintHydrocarbons, BrominatedLungTolueneParticle SizeHydrocarbonsInhalationNo-Observed-Adverse-Effect LevelTrichloroethyleneCadmium RadioisotopesHazardous SubstancesMethylene ChlorideElementary Particlestert-Butyl AlcoholDustEthylene GlycolsTin CompoundsTrichloroethanesEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterMetallurgySootToxicity Tests, ChronicSolventsDose-Response Relationship, DrugToxicologyChloroformIndustryVehicle EmissionsXylenesEpoxy CompoundsProtective ClothingDichloroethylenesBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidMineral FibersEthyl EthersWeldingNose NeoplasmsEmergency RespondersOxocinsTime FactorsMetallothioneinNasal MucosaGasesBenzeneEthylene OxideFormaldehydeToxicity TestsOrgan SizeMetals, HeavyCarcinogensAutomobilesTeratogensNickelTissue DistributionRespiratory SystemButadienesNasal CavityBody WeightAluminum OxideAnesthetics, InhalationNanotubes, CarbonNaphthalenesRespirationModels, BiologicalLeadAnesthesia, InhalationMacrophages, AlveolarBreath TestsPowdersLung DiseasesPneumoniaNanoparticlesMice, Inbred StrainsMaternal-Fetal ExchangeAir Pollution, IndoorRespiratory Tract DiseasesMutagens
ArsenicIngestionCompoundsChronicChromiumToxicityZincConcentrationsAcuteEnvironmental exposuresOccupational exposuresParticlesChlorideMercuryPollutantsBlood cadmium levelsSymptomsHumansSulfideOccurInorganicEffects of cadmiumModel for cadmiumToxic by inhalationAssessmentKidneySources of cadmiumDustOxideKidneysCigaretteRespiratoryBrief exposuresUrine cadmiumUrinary cadmiumProstatic cancerRoute of exposureTobaccoCarcinogenSeleniumMetalsAbsorptionSoilCopperCobaltRenalConcentrationLungBurning of fossil fuelsSaltsRoutes of exposureBerylliumRiskEmissionsPathwaysPulmonaryReproductiveDoseContaminationSilica
Arsenic18
  • Confounding by concomitant exposure to other cancer determinants, including arsenic, was not controlled for. (inchem.org)
  • Arsenic may be also be found in water supplies worldwide, leading to exposure of shellfish, cod, and haddock. (kenrico.com)
  • Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, are natural metallic elements (with high atomic weight) but over the years, multiple and intense use of these metals in agriculture, medical, cosmetics and other industries have caused high concentrations of these in immediate human surroundings. (gettinghealthier.com)
  • The plant has produced gold and silver, operated as a lead smelter, refined arsenic, and began cadmium refining in 1926, which continued until June 1993. (colorado.gov)
  • The chemicals of concern are the metals cadmium, arsenic, lead and zinc. (colorado.gov)
  • The site contains a groundwater contaminant plume flowing off the plant site to the northeast, an unlined waste pile that contributes to groundwater contamination, and soil contaminated with arsenic, cadmium and lead both on and off the plant property. (colorado.gov)
  • The cancer study analyzed cancers with known association with arsenic, cadmium and lead exposure, as well as the number of all types of cancer combined that are reported to the Colorado Central Cancer Registry. (colorado.gov)
  • The off-plant soils remedy calls for removal and replacement of the top 12 inches of soil and 18 inches in vegetable garden soils where metals concentrations exceed 73 parts per million (ppm) cadmium, 500 ppm lead or 70 ppm arsenic. (colorado.gov)
  • In CD1 mice, in 49 ( IARC, 1990) for chromium and and the methylated arsenic species utero exposure via maternal con- nickel. (who.int)
  • Arsenic and arsenic of exposure to arsenic. (who.int)
  • It is difficult to assess mice, which cannot repair certain In rodents, multiple studies showed the relevance to humans of rodent types of oxidative DNA damage, but that in utero exposure to arsenic via studies that use multiple agents, one not in Ogg+/+ mic e (IARC, 2012 ). (who.int)
  • Natural and organic arsenic compounds are a lot safer, and exposure does not cause extreme diseases. (oumiss.com)
  • a) When the product has a guaranteed analysis of available phosphate (P2O5), for each percent of P2O5 guaranteed, the maximum allowed level of a metal, expressed in parts per million (ppm), must not exceed: 9 ppm arsenic, 7.5 ppm cadmium, 43 ppm lead, 0.7 ppm mercury, 175 ppm nickel. (buildasoil.com)
  • What do we know about cadmium and arsenic in soils? (buildasoil.com)
  • Cadmium and arsenic are naturally occurring elements widely distributed in the earth's crust. (buildasoil.com)
  • For adults, most exposure to arsenic occurs through the diet and inhalation. (buildasoil.com)
  • greater than 5 g/cm3 which are found naturally on the Chronic exposure to arsenic by drinking groundwater earth in very small amounts. (who.int)
  • A higher level of ambient nickel with allergic diseases of humans are arsenic, cadmium, was associated with increased respiratory symptoms lead, nickel, chromium and manganese ( 8,9 ). (who.int)
Ingestion15
  • In the general population, ingestion of cadmium-contaminated food is more likely to occur than inhalation of cadmium particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Today, acute cadmium ingestion is unlikely to be a clinically significant source of exposure in North America. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute high dose ingestion of cadmium has a clinical presentation that resembles food poisoning. (cdc.gov)
  • Airborne microbial contamination levels in the refuse handling areas indicated that exposure hazards existed by both the inhalation and ingestion routes. (cdc.gov)
  • Cadmium is absorbed via inhalation and ingestion. (cdc.gov)
  • For nonsmokers who are not exposed to cadmium in the workplace, ingestion through food is the largest source of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Ingestion is the most common route of exposure in children. (kenrico.com)
  • Atmospheric ingestion/inhalation. (atpscience.com)
  • In particular, there have been findings to suggest that because plants take up most of the Cadmium through their roots from the soils, that soils more depleted in other minerals like calcium and Zinc are more likely to produce plants with a higher yield of cadmium present in the final product for ingestion. (atpscience.com)
  • Chronic heavy metal exposure mainly occurs through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. (gettinghealthier.com)
  • Pesticide exposure can occur through direct contact with the skin, inhalation, or ingestion. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • Residents may be exposed to metals through ingestion of contaminated soil particles or by inhalation of re-suspended or airborne particles. (colorado.gov)
  • Total lifetime cancer risk and non-cancer risk assessment from exposure to these pollutants in drinking water (ingestion, inhalation and skin routes) were conducted for people living in these villages. (ac.ir)
  • With the possible exceptions of acute iron toxicity from intentional or unintentional ingestion and suspected lead toxicity , emergency physicians will rarely be alerted to the possibility of metal exposure. (medscape.com)
  • A high blood lead level in enter the human body via direct ingestion of soil via con- children with asthma has been identified as a risk factor taminated hands, inhalation of dust and eating polluted for increasing asthma severity, eosinophilia and elevated plants grown close to roads with heavy traffic or contam- immunoglobulin E levels ( 13 ). (who.int)
Compounds17
  • Among the important compounds of cadmium are cadmium oxide (used in batteries, as an intermediate and catalyst and in electroplating), cadmium sulfide (used as a pigment), cadmium sulfate (used as an intermediate and in electroplating) and cadmium stearate (used as a plastics stabilizer). (inchem.org)
  • Occupational exposure to cadmium and cadmium compounds occurs mainly in the form of airborne dust and fume. (inchem.org)
  • Chronic inhalation of CR (VI) compounds increases. (change.org)
  • Cadmium compounds are used in the metal plating and battery industry, and as stabilizing agents in many polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Cadmium is most often found combined with other elements, which produces compounds such as Cadmium chloride, Cadmium oxide, and Cadmium sulfite. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Cadmium and its compounds are stable. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • In water some of the compounds will be quite soluble (cadmium chloride) and others will be insoluble (cadmium oxide). (dcceew.gov.au)
  • The National Pollutant Inventory ( NPI ) holds data for all sources of cadmium and compounds emissions in Australia. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Cadmium and or cadmium compounds will enter the body if we breathe in contaminated air, eat contaminated foods, or drink contaminated water. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Workers in the industries that use or produce cadmium and or cadmium compounds are at risk of exposure. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Consumers can be exposed to cadmium and or cadmium compounds by exposure to air from production and processing facilities using cadmium and or cadmium compounds. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • The most significant route of exposure to cadmium and or cadmium compounds for most members of the general public is through food, since food materials tend to take up and retain cadmium. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Shipping name: Cadmium Compounds. (flinnsci.com)
  • Developing children and fetus (inside pregnant women) are more susceptible to the detrimental effects, as their bodies absorb more percentage of ingested compounds (compared to adults) and development of their brains can get effected by even brief exposures of these metals. (gettinghealthier.com)
  • Although original studies were not available, data for cadmium oxide and cadmium metal powder suggest that the slightly soluble or insoluble forms ofcadmium (like also cadmium hydroxide and cadmium carbonate) may present lower oral acute toxicity than the soluble cadmium compounds. (europa.eu)
  • Also in view of the risk reduction measures which need to be taken as a result of the carcinogenicity of cadmium metal and some of the cadmium compounds, acute dermal toxicity is not likely to pose an issue for human health. (europa.eu)
  • In addition, in a study of CD1 beryllium compounds, cadmium senic is now drinking-water, where mice with "whole-life" exposure to and cadmium compounds, chromi- it is found primarily as the inorgan- multiple levels of sodium arsenite in um(VI) compounds, and nickel and ic forms of arsenite and arsenate. (who.int)
Chronic14
  • describe the workup, including history and physical, of a patient who presents with chronic low-level exposure to cadmium. (cdc.gov)
  • The insidious development of cadmium-related renal disease and the secondary effects on bone that can accompany excessive chronic cadmium exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic cadmium exposure has been reported to cause mild anemia, anosmia, and yellowing of teeth. (cdc.gov)
  • Detailed questioning about occupations and hobbies is the key to including chronic cadmium poisoning in the differential diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • With chronic exposure, cadmium accumulates in the liver and kidneys where it is bound to metallothionein, an inducible metal binding protein. (cdc.gov)
  • The entire human respiratory tract, including the lungs, is at risk for cancer induction by chronic exposure to low levels of inhaled acetaldehyde. (toronto.ca)
  • Chronic exposure can lead to congestion of the respiratory system in addition to irritation of the eyes, nose and throat. (toronto.ca)
  • Millions of homes built before 1940 still contain lead (e.g., in painted surfaces), leading to chronic exposure from weathering, flaking, chalking, and dust. (kenrico.com)
  • Chronic (long-term) inhalation or oral exposure to cadmium leads to a build-up of cadmium in the kidneys that can cause kidney disease. (ajol.info)
  • Chronic exposure (low levels over an extended period of time) can result in kidney, bone, and lung disease. (change.org)
  • Besides, depending on chemical species, its dose, route and period (acute or chronic) of exposure, the effect of heavy metal poisoning is greatly influenced by personal characteristics of the exposed individuals such as age, gender, genetics, individual susceptibilities and nutritional status. (gettinghealthier.com)
  • Chronic lead exposure causes detrimental effects on central nervous system, cardiovascular system, kidneys, and cancer. (gettinghealthier.com)
  • Chronic inhalation exposure is associated with emphysema. (healthmatters.io)
  • Specific clinical manifestations vary according to the metal in question, the total dose absorbed, and whether the exposure was acute or chronic. (medscape.com)
Chromium3
Toxicity14
  • The kidney is a critical target and shows the earliest sign of cadmium toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • In the absence of toxicity data on ZnCdS, AEHA used the toxicity data on cadmium in a worst-case scenario. (nationalacademies.org)
  • There are few studies on the general toxicity, bioavailability, and toxicokinetics of ZnCdS, so it is necessary to consider the use of existing toxicity databases such as those on cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and cadmium and zinc and their salts. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Hazard class: Acute toxicity, inhalation (Category 1). (flinnsci.com)
  • Hazard class: Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure (Category 1). (flinnsci.com)
  • It also competes with melatonin and our ability to sleep, studies showed that supplementation of melatonin did help mitigate the effects of Cadmium Toxicity. (atpscience.com)
  • There are heavy metal testing options available in the health care system if you believe that you may have higher than usual exposure or show significant symptoms associated with cadmium toxicity. (atpscience.com)
  • Cadmium nitrate, also highly water soluble, is at present not classified for acute oral toxicity but a similar classification should be considered. (europa.eu)
  • Cadmium chloride and oxidehave a high acute toxicity by the inhalation route. (europa.eu)
  • Based on comparable toxicity and/or solubility / bioavailability, all other highly and slightly soluble cadmium forms, i.e. cadmium nitrate, hydroxide and carbonate should carry a comparable classification. (europa.eu)
  • Inhalation of these airborne particles or mere contact of the metal on daily basis can show effects of toxicity. (healthcareontime.com)
  • Cadmium toxicity and treatment: An update. (ac.ir)
  • The renal and skeletal systems are the main targets of Cadmium toxicity. (healthmatters.io)
  • Where heavy metal toxicity is suspected, time taken to perform a thorough dietary, occupational, and recreational history is time well spent, since identification and removal of the source of exposure is frequently the only therapy required. (medscape.com)
Zinc8
  • Cadmium is found at low concentrations in the Earth's crust, mainly as the sulfide in zinc-containing mineral deposits. (inchem.org)
  • Occupations in which the highest potential exposures occur include cadmium production and refining, nickel-cadmium battery manufacture, cadmium pigment manufacture and formulation, cadmium alloy production, mechanical plating, zinc smelting, soldering and polyvinylchloride compounding. (inchem.org)
  • 2) The relative deficiency of zinc and selenium created by cadmium exposure (depletion of chelating agents to detoxify) results in further upregulation of 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase creating a deficient test: DHT and E2 levels. (atpscience.com)
  • This research evaluates the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from cadmium, lead, and zinc in Bandar Abbas groundwater sources. (ac.ir)
  • The samples from 25 wells were analyzed for cadmium, lead and zinc. (ac.ir)
  • The highest hazard index (HI) based on human health risk assessment (HHRA) model for cadmium, lead, and zinc through oral, inhalation and dermal pathways were computed as 0.005, 1.63 and 0.043 which are in Dehno Paein, Tifakan Tal-e Gerdu and Faryab. (ac.ir)
  • Zinc deficiency is associated with an increase in Cadmium, as a result of the antagonistic relationship between the elements. (healthmatters.io)
  • Evaluation of cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc status in biological samples of smokers and nonsmokers hypertensive patients. (healthmatters.io)
Concentrations9
  • Urinary and blood cadmium concentrations are generally much lower in non-occupationally exposed people, for whom the most important sources of exposure are cigarette smoking and, especially in polluted areas, eating certain foods (e.g. rice). (inchem.org)
  • Acidification of cadmium-containing soils and sediments may increase the concentrations of cadmium in surface waters and crops. (inchem.org)
  • Its conclusion was that because of the brief exposure period and concentrations used, the dispersion tests should not have posed any adverse health effect for people in the test areas. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Age-dependent doses are generated by the external dose model, from estimated time profiles of environmental and food cadmium concentrations. (opasnet.org)
  • In November 2018, six different test samples consisting of 3 mL blood spiked with cadmium at two different concentrations (Cdlow, Cdhigh), three of each concentration, were prepared, and three samples of each concentration were sent to the participating expert and candidate laboratories for analysis. (hbm4eu.eu)
  • Cadmium blood and urine concentrations as measures of exposure: NHANES 1999-2010. (healthmatters.io)
  • Therefore, we investigated concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), antioxidants, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA) in fresh milk. (ac.ir)
  • exposure to HMs has been studied mainly by monitoring the concentrations in body fluids such as blood or urine, Heavy metals (HMs) are metals with specific densities or by studying their concentrations in ambient air. (who.int)
  • A recent in concentrations exceeding a certain threshold, they can study reported that the concentration of cadmium in the cause serious damage to various organs. (who.int)
Acute7
Environmental exposures3
  • Toxic elements come in contact with humans majorly due to occupational or environmental exposures. (healthcareontime.com)
  • Environmentally-induced Developmental Origins of Health and Disease project aims to characterize the impact of environmental exposures on childhood health with focus on two families of pollutants with a highly prevalent and controllable exposure in humans: atmospheric pollutants and specific high-volume non-persistent chemicals (Bisphenol A, other phenols and phthalates). (hbm4eu.eu)
  • Interactions between Nutrition and Environmental Exposures: Effects on Health Outcomes in Women and Children. (healthmatters.io)
Occupational exposures3
  • Although levels vary widely among the different industries, occupational exposures generally have decreased in the last two decades. (inchem.org)
  • Drinking water, air, and occupational exposures are also seen. (healthmatters.io)
  • Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and various occupational exposures are less common causes in nonsmokers. (msdmanuals.com)
Particles1
  • Inhalatory intake distinguishes between the intake of cadmium for particles in outdoor and indoor air and intake of cadmium from smoking, because of differing deposition patterns in the respiratory system. (opasnet.org)
Chloride3
  • Cadmium chloride is used in the dyeing and printing of fabrics, in electronics component manufacture and in photography. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • When administered orally , the water soluble cadmium chloride caused mortality at relatively low doses, with LD50s in mouse and rat ranging from 29 to 327 mg Cd/kg bw. (europa.eu)
  • R25, which is justified given its comparable solubility to cadmium chloride. (europa.eu)
Mercury11
  • Uncertainties exist regarding levels of exposure to methyl mercury from fish consumption and potential health effects resulting from this exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Past estimates of exposure to methyl mercury have been obtained from results of food consumption surveys and measures of methyl mercury in fish. (cdc.gov)
  • Blood mercury levels will be assessed in two subpopulations particularly vulnerable to the health effects from mercury exposure: children 1-5 years old and women of childbearing age. (cdc.gov)
  • Blood measures of total and inorganic mercury will be important for evaluation of exposure from exposure to mercury in interior latex paints. (cdc.gov)
  • Blood lead data from participants aged 6 years and older, and blood cadmium, manganese, total mercury, and selenium data from all examined participants 1 years and older are included in this dataset. (cdc.gov)
  • This method directly measures lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), total mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) content of whole blood specimens using mass spectrometry after a simple dilution sample preparation step. (cdc.gov)
  • Heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium are toxic to the human body. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • Exposure to such heavy metals as lead, mercury, and cadmium has been linked to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • Studies have also shown that mercury exposure can lead to the formation of Lewy bodies. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • Environmental contamination and health hazard of lead and cadmium around Chatian mercury mining deposit in western Hunan Province, China. (ac.ir)
  • Lead, mercury, and cadmium are prime examples of such "toxic metals. (medscape.com)
Pollutants2
  • As a result of a request from the City of Columbus, Ohio, potential for heat stress along with exposure to chemical contaminants and airborne microbial pollutants was investigated at the city refuse derived fuel powerplant (SIC-4931, SIC-4953). (cdc.gov)
  • Cadmium is considered a toxic heavy metal found in both industrial and agricultural pollutants. (atpscience.com)
Blood cadmium levels1
  • Inhalation of cigarette smoke is a predominant source of exposure in smokers whose blood cadmium levels have been observed to be about twice as high compared to nonsmokers. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms5
  • Similar symptoms are displayed with short term exposure including tearing of the eyes, and irritation of the mucus membranes of the respiratory tract. (toronto.ca)
  • Cadmium (Cd) can cause flu-like symptoms (chills, fever, and muscle pain and can damage the lungs. (change.org)
  • Manganese (Mn) Exposure to manganese dust or fumes can also lead to neurological conditions called 'manganism' that exhibit symptoms like those of Parkinson's disease that may include the following: trembling, stiffness, slow motor movement and potentially severe depression, anxiety, and hostility. (change.org)
  • With daily exposure, they accumulate in the body's tissues causing various symptoms. (drmattreddy.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: To compare, in the twin-island republic of Trinidad and Tobago, the prevalence of symptoms of asthma and rhinitis among children of primary school age who are exposed to household environmental tobacco smoke with the prevalence of these symptoms in their colleagues without this exposure. (who.int)
Humans7
  • In humans, single lethal oral doses of soluble cadmium salts have ranged from 30-40 mg. (cdc.gov)
  • Cadmium can produce lung, pituitary gland and kidney tumors in animals and has been associated with lung cancer in humans in occupational epidemiologic studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Cadmium has been shown to be a developmental toxicant in animals, resulting in fetal malformations and other effects, but no conclusive evidence exists in humans. (ajol.info)
  • The half-life of cadmium is 10 to 30 years in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cadmium exposure is not ideal, it's toxic to humans and animals, the body can tolerate it in small traces as we often find it in our diets, especially in nuts. (atpscience.com)
  • No information was located regarding effects in humans after dermal exposure to cadmium. (europa.eu)
  • however, "aluminium production" has been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (for further explanation, please see Effects on Humans, Effects from Occupational Exposure, Cancer). (pleasefireme.com)
Sulfide1
  • Cadmium sulfide is used in the electronics industry for photocells and light emitting diodes. (dcceew.gov.au)
Occur7
  • eating or drinking in the work place or in hobby areas where exposure to cadmium could occur. (cdc.gov)
  • It is unlikely that this sort of exposure would occur except in cases of unusual industrial accidents. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Lung scarring can occur from a single high exposure or repeated low exposures. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • High exposure may also cause nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhoea High exposures are unlikely to occur except in cases of unusual industrial accidents. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Exposure to heavy metals can occur through various sources, such as contaminated air, water, and food. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • Coughing or shortness of breath may occur in cases of excessive inhalation. (pleasefireme.com)
  • Exposure to metals may occur through the diet, from medications, from the environment, or in the course of work or play. (medscape.com)
Inorganic1
  • Children are more susceptible to inorganic lead exposure due to less developed bloodbrain barrier and high gastrointestinal uptake, subsequently leading to brain damage. (healthcareontime.com)
Effects of cadmium1
Model for cadmium2
  • The PBPK model for cadmium is based on the model of Kjellström and Nordberg (1978) and allows prediction of the invididual and population based exposure to cadmium from oral and inhalatory intake. (opasnet.org)
  • The purpose of the PBPK model for cadmium is to predict age-dependent internal doses of cadmium in different body compartments. (opasnet.org)
Toxic by inhalation1
Assessment7
  • Constraints that influence the assessment of both lung and prostatic cancer risk are that the number of long-term, highly exposed workers is small, the historical data on exposure to cadmium are limited, particularly for the non-US plants, and the ability to define and examine a gradient of cumulative exposure varies across studies. (inchem.org)
  • The strength and defensibility of the health assessment is greatly enhanced by the inclusion of information on the physical and chemical properties of the substance, its toxicokinetics and bioavailability, the type of toxic response that it elicits, the exposure concentration and duration necessary to produce the response, and the population at risk. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Mohammed A. Al Mutairi, Hatim A. Al Herbish, Rakan S. Al-Ajmi, Hatim Z. Alhazmi, Reham A. Al-Dhelaan & Abdullah M. Alowaifeer (2022) Analyzing pesticides and metal(loid)s in imported tobacco to Saudi Arabia and risk assessment of inhalation exposure to certain metals, Inhalation Toxicology. (unitedchem.com)
  • It is designed as an in-house model, part of the larger exposure assessment model for the cadmium study in the Northern Campine region. (opasnet.org)
  • Bhardwaj, H, Singh, C & Nayyar, S 2021a, Assessment of adverse effects of lead, nickel and cadmium on biochemical parameters, antioxidants status and metallothionein expression in buffaloes slaughtered at local abattoir. (ac.ir)
  • 2023). Health risk assessment of cadmium exposure by integration of an in silico physiologically based toxicokinetic model and in vitro tests. (dreamtechllc.com)
  • Inhalation bioaccessibility of inhaled triazole fungicides and health risk assessment during spraying. (dreamtechllc.com)
Kidney2
Sources of cadmium1
  • The main sources of cadmium in the air are the burning of fossil fuels such as coal or oil and the incineration of municipal waste. (ajol.info)
Dust6
  • Even when sandblasting was not occurring, the level of silica dust in the atmosphere far exceeded safe levels, meaning that time workers spent outside the hood on breaks led to exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • At material transfer points, where dust exposure can be a real problem, it is recommended that enclosures be built. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary sources of exposure for children are lead-laden paint chips and dust as a result of deteriorating lead-based paint. (cdc.gov)
  • intake dose of cadmium from soil and house dust. (opasnet.org)
  • Inhalation of aluminium oxide dust should be avoided, but there is no evidence of significant harm to the lungs associated with the inhalation of aluminium oxide dust. (pleasefireme.com)
  • Because the body absorbs silica through inhalation, high levels of exposure to this dust can also cause lung infections. (dust-doctors.com)
Oxide3
Kidneys4
  • Exposure can harm the lungs, stomach, and kidneys. (change.org)
  • STOT RE 1 H372 Causes damage to the lung, the kidneys, the reproductive system and the blood through prolonged or repeated exposure. (americanelements.com)
  • Cadmium exposure is toxic to the liver, lungs, bone, kidneys and in males the testis. (atpscience.com)
  • Cadmium accumulates in the liver and kidneys and has a long half-life (17-30 years). (healthmatters.io)
Cigarette4
  • Several sources of human exposure to Cd, including employment in primary metal industries, production of certain batteries, foods, soil and cigarette smoke, are known. (ajol.info)
  • Exposure to cadmium can come through foods, cigarette smoke, water or air. (buildasoil.com)
  • It depends on the temperature of the combustion, the length of cigarette and stub, the presence of a filter and the type of filter, as well as the strength and degree of inhalation. (h2g2.com)
  • Cigar smoke, compared to cigarette smoke, contains 20 times the amount of ammonia, ten times the amount of cadmium and 90 times the amount of nitrosamines. (h2g2.com)
Respiratory3
  • The complex picture of the respiratory injuries that inhalation of cadmium fumes can cause. (cdc.gov)
  • Its inhalation has been related to different respiratory diseases and toxic effects, among which alterations of the physiological redox state in individuals exposed to the metal, have been described. (ajol.info)
  • exposure to several HMs and their adverse effects on Among these, the metals most commonly associated the respiratory system. (who.int)
Brief exposures1
  • For example, young children are more susceptible to the effects of lead exposure because they absorb several times the percent ingested compared with adults and because their brains are more plastic and even brief exposures may influence developmental processes. (medscape.com)
Urine cadmium4
  • 0.05), and urine cadmium and age (R? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nearly 3 percent of all participants had elevated urine cadmium results. (colorado.gov)
  • Long-term residents who have lived for more than 30 years in the Globe area are approximately four times more likely to have an elevated urine cadmium test result. (colorado.gov)
  • The rate of having an elevated urine cadmium test result isn't higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. (colorado.gov)
Urinary cadmium1
Prostatic cancer2
  • In a large cohort of workers from 17 cadmium processing plants in the United Kingdom, decreased mortality from prostatic cancer was observed, while that from lung cancer was increased in the overall cohort and there were suggested trends with duration of employment and with intensity of exposure. (inchem.org)
  • A number of early studies reported an increased risk for prostatic cancer among cadmium workers, but the results of later studies were not consistent. (inchem.org)
Route of exposure4
  • Industrial exposure accounts for a common route of exposure for adults. (kenrico.com)
  • Route of exposure: Oral. (americanelements.com)
  • The route of exposure is also important. (medscape.com)
  • Although the number of subjects is small, these results suggest that the dominant route of exposure for case 1 was inhalation of dioxins volatilized during tiring of ceramic pieces in the unvented kilns in the basement of their home. (goshen.edu)
Tobacco7
Carcinogen2
  • Both International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) consider cadmium a human carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
  • EPA has classified cadmium as a Group B1, probable human carcinogen. (ajol.info)
Selenium1
  • Deficiency in these factors, as well as selenium, play a large role in intestinal exposure and absorption of Cadmium. (atpscience.com)
Metals6
  • Cadmium is one of the trace metals widely used in different types of industries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies show that exposure to heavy metals and pesticides can damage the cells in the brain that make dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a vital role in movement and coordination. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • In 2021, US Customs and Border Protection seized a shipment of children's toys from China , determining the items were "excessively" coated in unsafe levels of heavy metals, including lead and cadmium. (iisd.org)
  • Long-term exposure to large quantities of toxic gases and heavy metals emitted by brick kilns can affect directly or indirectly on farm lactating animals, which influencing human health through consumption of their dairy products. (ac.ir)
  • 1994). The importance of OELs is highlighted by the occupational exposure limits (OELs) for metals and fact that many organizations around the world develop other mining-related chemicals were surveyed, and them. (cdc.gov)
  • The fumes from welding can contain metals such as lead, manganese, and cadmium, which can have negative effects on a developing baby. (mumeemagic.com)
Absorption7
  • This is because these minerals actually bind up and compete for absorption of Cadmium. (atpscience.com)
  • Cadmium Exposure - Competing for absorption in the body. (atpscience.com)
  • In the body, the absorption of Cadmium is directly dependent on a few things, and inhibiting it can be quite simple if you know how and what pathways it affects the most. (atpscience.com)
  • Oral absorption calculations take into account the iron status of the person, as it is known that a low iron status leads to an increased absorption of cadmium. (opasnet.org)
  • Iron deficiency is associated with higher cadmium burden and absorption of cadmium may increase during very early stages of iron deficiency. (healthmatters.io)
  • Dietary cadmium inhibits GI absorption of calcium and interferes with calcium and vitamin D metabolism. (healthmatters.io)
  • Low dietary calcium stimulates synthesis of calcium- binding protein which enhances Cadmium absorption. (healthmatters.io)
Soil3
  • However, cadmium can be a source of soil and water pollution after extraction and discharge. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some of the highest traces have been found in peanuts interestingly enough because many farmers fortify the soil with cadmium and sulfur-based fertilizers. (atpscience.com)
  • Also, the more acidic the soil the higher the content of Cadmium found in the final product. (atpscience.com)
Copper2
  • Two small copper-cadmium alloy plants were studied in the United Kingdom. (inchem.org)
  • Cadmium metal is alloyed with copper in the production of automobile radiators. (dcceew.gov.au)
Cobalt3
  • Exposure to cobalt may cause cancer. (change.org)
  • Workers may be harmed from exposure to cobalt and cobalt-containing products. (change.org)
  • While it may be uncommon, I know a potter who was diagnosed with cobalt and cadmium in his system. (goshen.edu)
Renal1
Concentration1
Lung8
  • A case-control analysis of lung cancer did not show any association with exposure to cadmium. (inchem.org)
  • Excess mortality from lung cancer was reported among workers employed in a US cadmium recovery plant, and a dose-response relationship was demonstrated between estimated cumulative exposure to cadmium and lung cancer risk. (inchem.org)
  • The increase in lung cancer risk was stronger in the small proportion of workers with high cadmium exposure. (inchem.org)
  • Early and recent studies provide consistent evidence that the risk for lung cancer is increased among workers exposed to cadmium. (inchem.org)
  • An association between cadmium exposure and an increased risk of lung cancer has been reported from human studies, but these studies are inconclusive due to confounding factors. (ajol.info)
  • Animal studies have demonstrated an increase in lung cancer from long-term inhalation exposure to cadmium. (ajol.info)
  • High exposures can cause rapid lung damage, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a build up of fluid in the lungs. (dcceew.gov.au)
  • Cadmium fumes contain microscopic particulate matter that can cause lung inflammation, pulmonary edema, and even death. (dust-doctors.com)
Burning of fossil fuels1
  • The burning of fossil fuels and exposure to petrochemicals and pollution. (atpscience.com)
Salts1
  • Extraction salts consisted of CEN EN 15662, 4 g. of MgSO 4 , 1 g. (unitedchem.com)
Routes of exposure2
  • Less common routes of exposure are during a radiological procedure, from inappropriate dosing or monitoring during intravenous (parenteral) nutrition, from a broken thermometer, or from a suicide or homicide attempt. (kenrico.com)
  • Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eyes. (pleasefireme.com)
Beryllium1
  • The most prevalent (two studies) and CD1 mice (IARC, cifically including beryllium and source of human exposure to ar- 2012 ). (who.int)
Risk11
  • The risk for lead exposure is disproportionately higher for children who are poor, non-Hispanic black, living in large metropolitan areas, or living in older housing. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of dietary cadmium exposure in environmental cadmium exposure and its health risk among adults in Shanghai, China. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been suggested that there is no increased health risk among adult residents in Shanghai, China because of recent total cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To prevent health risk from cadmium contamination, a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for cadmium of 7 μg/kg body weight was established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2004 [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate dietary cadmium exposure and its health risk for future policymaking on cadmium contamination prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 5th percentile, 95th percentile and mean values for total inhalation risk arising from radionuclides (Ra 226 , Th 228 , Pb 210 and Nat-U) were found to be 3.83 × 10 −9 , 6.50 × 10 −8 and 2.08 × 10 −8 respectively. (tib.eu)
  • Pesticide exposure is also linked to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • While it is still impossible to completely avoid exposure to environmental toxins, some steps can be taken to reduce the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. (zeolitefordetox.com)
  • The highest risk from cadmium seems to be in village Dehno Paein and also this amount for lead occurs in Tifakan Tal-e Gerdu. (ac.ir)
  • Research published on PubMed suggests that both maternal and paternal exposure to welding fumes and metal dusts or fumes may increase the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational age. (mumeemagic.com)
  • Welding fume exposure during pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage, low fetal birth weight and preterm birth and birth defects. (mumeemagic.com)
Emissions1
  • Cadmium emissions to the environment are normally transported continually between the three main environmental compartments, air, water and soils, but a steady state flux is probably achieved and the general levels can reasonably well be established. (ajol.info)
Pathways2
  • It is therefore suited to link external exposure data to specific biomarker data and to interpret biomonitoring results in terms of exposure routes and pathways. (opasnet.org)
  • The cadmium PBPK model is based on the PBPK model published by Kjellström and Nordberg (1978, 1979), around which a model wrapper was implemented to enable the linkage to exposure doses from various pathways and to provide the required exposure metrics to enable comparison with biomonitoring data. (opasnet.org)
Pulmonary1
  • Depending on the extent of exposure, sustained fever and noncardiac pulmonary edema may develop. (cdc.gov)
Reproductive3
  • However, notably, the area in the body that is most affected by cadmium exposure is, in fact, the reproductive system. (atpscience.com)
  • Cadmium (found, for example, in batteries) is an endocrine disruptor that affects reproductive development. (iisd.org)
  • Hence, this chapter summarizes the biological plausibility of EDCs exposure and elucidates the mechanism of action underlying EDCs affecting the regulatory circuits of the mammalian HPG axis and reproductive function. (intechopen.com)
Dose1
  • critical effects, and dose-response estimation to de- the uncertainties and overall confidence in the OEL termine suitable exposure levels. (cdc.gov)
Contamination3
  • Cadmium contamination in food is regarded as the main environmental source of non-occupational exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cadmium contamination is a major environmental health problem, and is potentially harmful to the broader population through the food chain [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cadmium contamination is severe and prevalent in some areas of China. (biomedcentral.com)
Silica1
  • Health hazards existed from lead (7439921) and silica exposures for workers involved in handling ash. (cdc.gov)