Note to the Reader Please cite this work as: Williams RW, Gu J, Qi S, Lu L (2001) The genetic structure of recombinant inbred mice: High-resolution consensus maps for complex trait analysis. (nervenet.org)
Adult4
Research from his lab has shown that adult and adolescent mice given equal amounts of cocaine display significant differences in locomotor stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
Alcohol consumption and preference, as well as food and water consumption, total caloric intake, and weight were assessed in adult female and male Clock Δ19/Δ19 mutant mice or wild-type (WT) litter-mates, housed under a 12-hour:12-hour light:dark (L:D) cycle or a shortened 10-hour:10-hour L:D cycle. (mdpi.com)
The study evaluated the minimal time that adult rats and mice must remain in 100% carbon dioxide for death to be irreversible on removal. (bvsalud.org)
Adult rats (14 stocks and strains) and mice (more than 40 stocks and strains) were euthanized using a 50% volume per minute displacement rate of carbon dioxide for 2 min. (bvsalud.org)
Genes2
CSS-6 mice are a valuable resource for testing the ability of candidate genes to modulate lung carcinogenesis. (jax.org)
Xlr genes are the mouse orthologues of the human FAM9 gene family and are implicated in the regulation of dendritic branching, dendritic spine number and morphology. (researchsquare.com)
Correlates2
The present study further ana- lyzed behavioral correlates of two novel breeding lines of rats, Carioca high-and low-conditioned freez- ing (CHF and CLF), based on defensive freezing responses to contextual cues previously associated with electric footshock. (bvsalud.org)
Insulin resistance in older PTG heterozygous mice correlates with a significant increase in muscle triglyceride content, with a corresponding attenuation of insulin receptor signaling. (jci.org)
Heterozygous3
We generated mice that possess a heterozygous deletion of the PTG gene. (jci.org)
Although young PTG heterozygous mice initially demonstrate normal glucose tolerance, progressive glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance develop with aging. (jci.org)
A minimum of four (4) mutant mice, heterozygous for the selected mutation on a mixed 129S5;B6 background. (taconic.com)
Ethanol2
Many drugs used to treat alcoholism in humans have been shown to lead to reduced ethanol consumption in mice used in this model. (wikipedia.org)
The use of animals selectively bred to prefer or to avoid alcohol has been highly instrumental in advancing the understanding of the neurobiological basis of ethanol preference. (aspetjournals.org)
Rats3
However, relatively little information is available on humane aspects of anesthesia and euthanasia in neonatal mice and rats. (bvsalud.org)
The study demonstrates that CO may be a potential alternative for preweanling mice and rats at PND6 or older but is not appropriate for neonates at PND5 or younger. (bvsalud.org)
The current study was designed based on existing literature regarding minimal exposure times for preweanling rats and mice euthanized with carbon dioxide. (bvsalud.org)
Mutation1
Epistatic interactions govern chemically-induced lung tumor susceptibility and Kras mutation site in murine C57BL/6J-ChrA/J chromosome substitution strains. (jax.org)
Chromosomes2
Genomes of individuals strains typically incorporate 45-55 recombinations between parental chromosomes. (nervenet.org)
The C57BL/6J-Chr#(A/J) strains, constructed by selectively breeding sensitive A/J and resistant C57BL/6J (B6) mice, each contain one pair of A/J chromosomes within an otherwise B6 genome. (jax.org)
Genetic2
In this study, we disrupted circadian rhythms in female and male mice using both environmental (i.e., shifting diurnal cycles) and genetic (i.e. (mdpi.com)
We used upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) knock-out mice as a genetic model of constitutively activated BAT and positive cardiometabolic traits, and we found a reduction of depression-like and anxiety-like behaviours associated with USF1 deficiency. (researchsquare.com)
Drinking1
Rhodes was one of the developers of the Drinking in the Dark model in mice. (wikipedia.org)
Exposure1
CSS6 mice developed dozens of lung tumors after chronic urethane exposure, however, indicating that these epistatic interactions could be overcome by repeated carcinogen administration. (jax.org)
Sensitive2
The mouse is sensitive, but no overly sensitive where 1 tug and you are off the screen. (keyceo.com)
We employed murine chromosome substitution strains to study how resistance alleles affected sensitive alleles during chemically-induced lung carcinogenesis. (jax.org)
Interactions2
RI strains can therefore be exploited to expose gene-environment interactions. (nervenet.org)
Pas1, the major locus responsible for this differential strain response to urethane carcinogenesis, resides on Chr 6, but C57BL/6J-Chr6(A/J) mice (hereafter CSS-6) developed few tumors following a single urethane injection, which demonstrates epistatic interactions with other B6 alleles. (jax.org)
Model3
In this model, a specific mouse strain is found to voluntarily drink to the levels of intoxication. (wikipedia.org)
We therefore performed the first comprehensive transcriptome-proteome comparison in a RTT mouse model to elucidate RTT pathophysiology, identify potential therapeutic targets, and further our understanding of MeCP2 function. (biomedcentral.com)
For most lines, the mouse ES cells used in generating the model are of the 129S5 strain. (taconic.com)
Study2
In this study we have increased the density of microsatellite markers 2- to 5-fold in each of several major RI sets that share C57BL/6 as a parental strain (AXB, BXA, BXD, BXH, and CXB). (nervenet.org)
This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of carbon monoxide (CO) as an alternative euthanasia agent for mouse and rat pups on postnatal days (PND) 0 to 12. (bvsalud.org)
Lines3
Lines are stored primarily as cryopreserved sperm on a mixed 129S5 x C57BL/6J- Tyr c-Brd background. (taconic.com)
Lines are recovered using cryopreserved sperm and C57BL/6NTac oocyte donors. (taconic.com)
Some lines are stored as cryopreserved embryos and when revitalized will result in a 129/S5 x C57BL/6J- Tyr c-Brd background. (taconic.com)
Cells1
Insulin produces the dephosphorylation of only a small subset of proteins at discrete locations, whereas PP1 is ubiquitously expressed and is found in virtually all cellular compartments, suggesting that mechanisms exist for the targeted regulation of PP1 in insulin-responsive cells that selectively permit activation of the enzyme only at these sites. (jci.org)
Effects1
As long as you are careful with the plug and socket themselves then it should be fine, 3 times a day is actually not a lot, I mean when trying to fix my computer the mouse was put in and removed constantly and it's suffered no ill effects. (keyceo.com)
Resource1
Recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice are an important resource used to map and analyze complex traits. (nervenet.org)
Responsible1
Recently, RI strains have also been used to map QTLs that that are responsible for biometric variation in the architecture of the mouse CNS (Belknap et al. (nervenet.org)
Activity1
These mice have reduced glycogen stores in adipose tissue, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, corresponding with decreased glycogen synthase activity and glycogen synthesis rate. (jci.org)
SENCAR2
SENCAR (SENsitive to CARcinogenesis) mice are used in research as an animal model for tumor production. (nih.gov)
Los ratones SENCAR (SENsibles a la CARcinogénesis) se utilizan en investigación como modelo animal para la producción de tumores. (bvsalud.org)
Behavior2
As a career project, Rhodes tries to understand the evolution of behavior by selectively breeding for hyperactivity in mice. (wikipedia.org)
To complement human genetic studies several groups have used mouse models of anxiety-like behavior for identification of genes and biological pathways that regulate anxiety. (biomedcentral.com)
Blockade2
Pharmacologic blockade of mGluR2 escalated alcohol self-administration in Wistar rats, the parental strain of P and nonpreferring rats. (nih.gov)
Delaying TNF blockade in these mice reduced biochemical but not physical irAEs while preserving antitumor efficacy. (bmj.com)
Knockout3
We examined ASD-related behaviors in mice with conditional Pten knockout in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing or somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons, two common subtypes of GABAergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Since deletion of Pten is embryonically lethal, mice with brain-region-specific Pten knockout or Pten haploinsufficiency have been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
We used the Cre/loxp recombination system to generate mice with Pten knockout in PV-neurons or Sst-neurons, and conducted a battery of behavioral tests to examine autism-related behavioral phenotypes in these mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods2
Methods We previously described a mouse model to assess both antitumor activity and irAEs induced by various effective combination immunotherapies. (bmj.com)
We specifically deleted Pten in PV-neurons by crossing PV-Cre mice with Pten flox mice to generate PV-Cre +/+ / Pten fl/+ mice (See Methods for details). (biomedcentral.com)
Sequences2
MG-U74A represents all sequences (~6,000) in the Mouse UniGene database (Build 74) that have been functionally characterized, as well as ~6,000 EST clusters. (nih.gov)
Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments. (lookformedical.com)
Exposures1
Mouse reference populations provide an opportunity to model environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions in human disease and to inform human health risk assessment. (nih.gov)
Consumption1
Many drugs used to treat alcoholism in humans have been shown to lead to reduced ethanol consumption in mice used in this model. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
In this review, we discuss translational approaches that aim to bridge results from unbiased genome-wide screens using mouse models to anxiety disorders in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Found3
In this model, a specific mouse strain is found to voluntarily drink to the levels of intoxication. (wikipedia.org)
We found that mice with deletion of Pten in either PV-neurons or Sst-neurons displayed social deficits, repetitive behaviors and impaired motor coordination/learning. (biomedcentral.com)
We also examined anxiety behaviors and found that mice with Pten deletion in Sst-neurons displayed anxiety-like behaviors, while mice with Pten deletion in PV-neurons exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
Male1
In this study we use RNAseq to explore allele specific expression (ASE) in adipose tissue of male and female F1 mice, produced from reciprocal crosses of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains. (biomedcentral.com)
Response2
Anxiety is an evolutionarily conserved response and can be reliably measured in mice (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
However, concomitant anti-TNF impaired antitumor response in a proportion of anti-CD40-treated C57BL/6 FoxP3 DTR mice. (bmj.com)
Development1
Using the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains of FoxP3-GFP-DTR (FoxP3 DTR ) mice, transient depletion of T regulatory cells (Tregs) prior to immunotherapy with additional immunomodulatory antibodies, lowered immune self-tolerance, resulting in the development of a spectrum of physical and biochemical irAEs similar to that reported clinically. (bmj.com)
Models3
The advantage of mouse models is that the environmental factors can be controlled for, or specifically administered. (biomedcentral.com)
This review will describe several mouse populations for toxicity assessment, including older models such as the Mouse Diversity Panel (MDP), and newer models that include the Collaborative Cross (CC) and Diversity Outbred (DO) models. (nih.gov)
This review will outline the features of the MDP, CC, and DO mouse models and will discuss published case studies investigating the use of these mouse population resources in each step of the risk assessment paradigm. (nih.gov)