AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth Care
Muscle ContractionMuscle, SkeletalMuscle Fibers, SkeletalIsometric ContractionMusclesGlucoseMuscle ProteinsTroponin CTroponinMyosinsMuscle FatigueTropomyosinRabbitsCalciumElectric StimulationMuscle, SmoothRegional Blood FlowBlood GlucoseGlucose Transporter Type 4InsulinDeoxyglucoseMuscle, Smooth, VascularGlycogenGlucose Transporter Type 1Muscle DevelopmentMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsMuscle Fibers, Fast-TwitchMuscle Fibers, Slow-TwitchMitochondria, MuscleBiological TransportGlucose Tolerance TestTime FactorsMyocardial ContractionKineticsRats, WistarMuscle RelaxationRats, Sprague-DawleyLactic AcidUterine ContractionHindlimbMuscle DenervationElectromyographyCells, CulturedSatellite Cells, Skeletal MuscleMyofibrilsAMP-Activated Protein KinasesMuscle CellsMyocardiumPhosphorylationEnergy MetabolismGlucose IntoleranceSignal TransductionPhysical ExertionMuscular AtrophyDose-Response Relationship, DrugAdenosine TriphosphateGlycolysisMuscular DiseasesInsulin ResistanceRNA, MessengerOxygen ConsumptionAminoimidazole CarboxamideHypoglycemic AgentsModels, BiologicalMyocytes, Smooth MuscleDogsMice, Inbred C57BLGlucose Transporter Type 3Muscle SpindlesGlucose Clamp TechniqueMyoblastsLactatesActinsQuadriceps MuscleExercise3-O-MethylglucoseMuscle, StriatedSarcomeresGuinea PigsSarcoplasmic ReticulumTracheaRibonucleotidesVasoconstrictionLiverAdipose TissueFatty Acids, NonesterifiedAdipocytesPhysical Conditioning, AnimalGlucose Transporter Type 2DiaphragmMyosin Heavy ChainsMolecular Sequence DataPhosphocreatineSarcolemmaHexokinaseGlucose OxidaseMuscle WeaknessPotassium ChlorideDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Enzyme Inhibitors
MetabolismMyoblastsTissueHomeostasisVivoVitroRegulatesInsulinMyosinHypertrophyComprisesTissuesOxidationCellularConstructsRegulationAminoReducesExtrinsicResistanceAccelerateTherapeuticBundlesProteinMechanismsBCAAsCellsChronicContractileElderlyEndomysiumMiceOccurHumanPopulationsConcentrationsMouseFiberBloodExerciseFunctionalMassCellEffectsIncludeEffectMovementDiseasesProductionLength
Metabolism2
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanistic effects of 3HIB on skeletal muscle insulin signaling, metabolism, and related gene expression in vitro. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
  • This type of diabetes is associated with older age, obesity, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity, and race/ethnicity. (gotomydoctor.com)
Myoblasts1
  • Muscle fibers are formed from the fusion of developmental myoblasts in a process known as myogenesis resulting in long multinucleated cells. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue14
  • Protein synthesis is the mechanism by which certain key structures in the body, including muscle tissue, skin, enzymes, some hormones, neurotransmitters, and immune factors (to name but a few) are formed from amino acids. (huel.com)
  • BCAAs are present in high concentrations in muscle tissue, which helps explain their popularity with bodybuilders and strength athletes. (huel.com)
  • When the level of leucine is high enough, the 'switch' is turned 'on' and muscle tissue can be repaired. (huel.com)
  • More importantly, the bioprinted constructs with neural cell integration facilitate rapid innervation and mature into organized muscle tissue that restores normal muscle weight and function in a rodent model of muscle defect injury. (nature.com)
  • These approaches have achieved bioengineered skeletal muscle tissue fabrication with cellular alignment in vitro, and some showed a degree of therapeutic potential in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Skeletal muscle is a target tissue for anabolic steroids. (frontiersin.org)
  • The muscle cells of skeletal muscles are much longer than in the other types of muscle tissue, and are often known as muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The muscle tissue of a skeletal muscle is striated - having a striped appearance due to the arrangement of the sarcomeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • both of these types of muscle tissue are classified as involuntary, or, under the control of the autonomic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each individual fiber, and each muscle is surrounded by a type of connective tissue layer of fascia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apart from the contractile part of a muscle consisting of its fibers, a muscle contains a non-contractile part of dense fibrous connective tissue that makes up the tendon at each end. (wikipedia.org)
  • Connective tissue is present in all muscles as deep fascia. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was reported in the journal Nature Medicine in 2015 that valine catabolite 3-hydroxyisobuterate (3HIB) promoted the accumulation of fat within muscle tissue by directly stimulating fatty uptake in the muscle. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
  • In closing of the article, Abassi said, "What the researchers found was that 3HIB acted as a shuttle in muscle cells, allowing blood vessels in skeletal muscle tissue to move fat into skeletal muscle. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
Homeostasis3
Vivo4
  • In this study, we investigate the effects of neural cell integration into the bioprinted skeletal muscle construct to accelerate functional muscle regeneration in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Studies targeted at establishing such effects at cellular level and their correlations with in vivo models, will broaden our understanding of the roles played by androgens on skeletal muscle function in elderly. (frontiersin.org)
  • The improvement of glucose intolerance, HOMA-index, and in vivo glucose uptake is evident in addition to the weight loss effect and attenuation of hepatic steatosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, the valine catabolite 3-hydroxyisobuterate (3HIB) was shown to promote insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by increasing lipid content in vivo. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
Vitro2
  • Myoblast fusion into functionally-distinct myotubes to form in vitro skeletal muscle constructs under differentiation serum-free conditions still remains a challenge. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Neural input into this bioprinted skeletal muscle construct shows the improvement of myofiber formation, long-term survival, and neuromuscular junction formation in vitro. (nature.com)
Regulates2
  • mTOR is a very important enzyme as it regulates all metabolic processes in most animal tissues, including muscle [7] , and poor functioning of it is linked to diabetes, obesity, depression and certain cancers [8-10] . (huel.com)
  • Type I diabetes, that is called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes develops when the body's immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells, the only cells in the body that produce the hormone insulin that regulates blood glucose. (gotomydoctor.com)
Insulin7
Myosin2
  • We also examined the possible role of GlcNAc6 micropatterns with various widths in the behavior of C2C12 cells in early and late stages of myogenesis through mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The myofibrils are composed of actin and myosin filaments called myofilaments, repeated in units called sarcomeres, which are the basic functional, contractile units of the muscle fiber necessary for muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
Hypertrophy1
  • High levels are associated with muscle hypertrophy, whereas low levels are epidemiologically associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, which negatively impact muscle functions. (frontiersin.org)
Comprises2
  • In healthy young adults, the skeletal muscle mass comprises approximately 60% of total body mass. (frontiersin.org)
  • Skeletal muscle comprises about 35% of the body of humans by weight. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues2
  • Also, a vascularization strategy using co-culture with endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts improved the survival of the bioengineered skeletal muscle tissues 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
  • The lab is also pursuing the role of physical activity/exercise as a time cue for skeletal muscle and other tissues. (ufl.edu)
Oxidation2
  • Muscles are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used, particularly by fast twitch fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • After 5 d of HFAT, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration supported by octanoylcarnitine and pyruvate, as well as uncoupled respiration, was decreased at rest, and rates of whole-body fat oxidation were higher during exercise compared with HPRO. (edu.au)
Cellular2
  • The spontaneous contraction of myotubes was investigated via the regulation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), which is involved in stimulating glucose uptake during cellular contraction. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA): A Unique Cohort Study About the Cellular Biology of Aging and Age-related Loss of Mobility. (ufl.edu)
Constructs5
  • We previously showed that bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs were able to form multi-layered bundles with aligned myofibers. (nature.com)
  • These results suggest that the 3D bioprinted human neural-skeletal muscle constructs can be rapidly integrated with the host neural network, resulting in accelerated muscle function restoration. (nature.com)
  • These constructs (mm 3 -cm 3 scale) consisted of tens to hundreds of long parallel myofiber bundles, containing densely packed, highly viable, and aligned muscle cells. (nature.com)
  • We also demonstrated the feasibility of using these 3D bioprinted human skeletal muscle constructs to treat critical-sized muscle defect injuries with structural and functional restoration in a rodent model 2 . (nature.com)
  • While host nerve integration and formation of NMJs were evident within the implanted skeletal muscle constructs, we observed that the constructs did not support the full restoration of defected muscles at 8-week post-implantation, which is likely due to the delayed integration of host nerve. (nature.com)
Regulation1
  • The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on current findings regarding the nutritional regulation of MPS and highlight nutrition based strategies that may serve to maximize skeletal muscle protein anabolism with resistance exercise. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino4
  • Under different physiological conditions, subsets of 654 different proteins as well as lipids, amino acids, metabolites and small RNAs are found in the secretome of skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Provision of dietary amino acids increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS), an effect that is enhanced by prior resistance exercise. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consuming dietary amino acids after resistance exercise stimulates an increase in MPS and is necessary to shift net protein balance (defined as MPS minus muscle protein breakdown (MPB)) from negative (net protein loss) to positive (net protein gain) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MPB assists in maintenance of intracellular amino acid levels, and likely plays a role in maintaining muscle protein quality by removing damaged proteins and allowing their constituent amino acids to be used for the synthesis of new functional muscle proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduces1
  • Oral administration of PRExt (200 mg/kg b.w.) gradually reduces blood glucose in db/db mice to the level similar to that in C57J/B6 mice after 30 days. (hindawi.com)
Extrinsic2
  • Indeed, most of the intrinsic as well as extrinsic (systemic) muscle changes that occur with age are believed to be involved in the development of sarcopenia ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are subdivisions of muscle groups in the hand, foot, tongue, and extraocular muscles of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
Resistance1
  • As a fundamentally necessary process in the enhancement of muscle mass, strategies to enhance rates of MPS would be beneficial in the development of interventions aimed at increasing skeletal muscle mass particularly when combined with chronic resistance exercise. (biomedcentral.com)
Accelerate1
  • Testosterone concentrations decline as age increase, suggesting that low plasma testosterone levels can cause or accelerate muscle- and age-related diseases, as sarcopenia. (frontiersin.org)
Therapeutic3
  • A bioengineered skeletal muscle construct that mimics structural and functional characteristics of native skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic option to treat extensive muscle defect injuries. (nature.com)
  • Currently, there is increasing interest on the anabolic properties of testosterone for therapeutic use in muscle diseases including sarcopenia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally we are working in mouse and human models to determine the potential for time of day lifestyle interventions as a therapeutic approach to enhance molecular clock function and attenuate conditions of muscle weakness and wasting seen with aging and chronic diseases. (ufl.edu)
Bundles1
  • A skeletal muscle contains multiple fascicles - bundles of muscle fibers. (wikipedia.org)
Protein5
  • Protein is a macronutrient - nutrients that are required in larger amounts - and plays numerous key roles in the body, one of which is in maintaining, repairing and building muscle. (huel.com)
  • Here we're more interested in mTOR's role in regulating protein synthesis for muscle growth and recovery after exercise. (huel.com)
  • In healthy individuals, feeding-induced changes in MPS are ~3-5 times greater over the course of any given day than measurable changes in MPB, demonstrating that MPS is highly responsive, regulated, and represents the primary driver of changes in muscle net protein balance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As such, it would follow that for chronic elevations in net muscle protein balance to result in gains in muscle mass, changes in MPS are highly relevant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consequently, we propose that nutritional interventions that enhance MPS may be of great scientific and clinical interest as a strategy to promote positive muscle protein balance and eventual muscle protein accrual. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms2
  • However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this muscle syndrome and its relationship with plasma level of androgens are not completely understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our research goals are to define the transcriptional networks and downstream mechanisms that link the molecular clock with proper skeletal muscle function and phenotype. (ufl.edu)
BCAAs1
  • BCAAs have other key roles - for example, isoleucine is involved in increasing glucose uptake into cells, and this process doesn't involve the other BCAAs, so it may help to promote energy during exercise [1] . (huel.com)
Cells6
  • However, considerable numbers of resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells are also present in skeletal muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • By comparison, the mononuclear cells in muscles are much smaller. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the mononuclear cells in muscles are endothelial cells (which are about 50-70 μm long, 10-30 μm wide and 0.1-10 μm thick), macrophages (21 μm in diameter) and neutrophils (12-15 μm in diameter). (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in terms of nuclei present in skeletal muscle, myocyte nuclei may be only half of the nuclei present, while nuclei from resident and infiltrating mononuclear cells make up the other half. (wikipedia.org)
  • Considerable research on skeletal muscle is focused on the muscle fiber cells, the myocytes, as discussed in detail in the first sections, below. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, recently, interest has also focused on the different types of mononuclear cells of skeletal muscle, as well as on the endocrine functions of muscle, described subsequently, below. (wikipedia.org)
Chronic1
  • Further, these interventions may be of interest to athletes concerned with enhancing the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to chronic exercise training. (biomedcentral.com)
Contractile1
  • Skeletal muscles are substantially composed of multinucleated contractile muscle fibers (myocytes). (wikipedia.org)
Elderly1
  • We contend that nutritional strategies that serve to maximally stimulate MPS may be useful in the development of nutrition and exercise based interventions aimed at enhancing skeletal muscle mass which may be of interest to elderly populations and to athletes. (biomedcentral.com)
Endomysium1
  • This strategy has been applied to develop a three-dimensional (3D) human muscle model with endothelium specificity and endomysium for the study of fibrosis 22 . (nature.com)
Mice1
  • Apparent Absence of BMAL1-Dependent Skeletal Muscle-Kidney Cross Talk in Mice. (ufl.edu)
Occur2
  • Such lack of clarity can be attributed to difficulty in isolating the individual events responsible for alterations in skeletal muscle, most of which occur simultaneously, among the multiple age-associated changes and co-morbidities associated with advanced age. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most muscles occur in bilaterally-placed pairs to serve both sides of the body. (wikipedia.org)
Human1
  • Front and back views of the major skeletal muscles of the human body There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body, making up around 40% of body weight in healthy young adults. (wikipedia.org)
Populations2
  • Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is becoming more prevalent as the lifespan continues to increase in most populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • In Western populations, men have on average around 61% more skeletal muscle than women. (wikipedia.org)
Concentrations1
  • Testosterone elicits significant muscular effects and abnormalities of plasma concentrations can cause muscle disease ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Mouse1
  • Using genetic mouse models, we found that mutations of two different molecular clock genes, Clock and Bmal1, dramatically disrupt skeletal muscle structure and function. (ufl.edu)
Fiber1
  • Narrow patterns demonstrated enhanced glucose uptake rate and generated a fast-twitch muscle fiber type, whereas the slow-twitch muscle fiber type was dominant on wider patterns. (elsevierpure.com)
Blood1
  • Up to now, many kinds of antidiabetic medicines have been developed for the patients and most of them are chemical or biochemical agents aiming at controlling or/and lowering blood glucose to a normal level. (gotomydoctor.com)
Exercise2
  • We have also shown that time of exercise can significantly alter the clock mechanism in skeletal muscle independent of lighting and the central clock in the brain. (ufl.edu)
  • Muscle Bmal1 is necessary for normal transcriptomic and metabolomic adaptation to endurance exercise training. (ufl.edu)
Functional1
  • 20% of the original mass invariably results in functional impairment with limited regeneration capacity, which requires reconstructive surgical procedures such as autologous muscle flap transfers 1 . (nature.com)
Mass4
  • If mTOR is inactive for long periods, this will result in muscle wasting, and this is part of the reason for the loss of muscle mass and tiredness in people with advanced wasting diseases - cancer cachexia, for example. (huel.com)
  • Androgens are the main physiologic anabolic steroid hormones and normal testosterone levels are necessary for a range of developmental and biological processes, including maintenance of muscle mass. (frontiersin.org)
  • This age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength generation, the primary function of skeletal muscle mass, is known as sarcopenia ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The term sarcopenia was first proposed in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe a multifactorial syndrome that occurs with age and results in loss of skeletal muscle mass and function ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cell1
  • Aims: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) remodeling poses a critical feature in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
Effects1
  • However, most evidence linked testosterone and skeletal muscle effects are observational. (frontiersin.org)
Include2
  • Signs and symptoms may include fatigue - especially during physical activity - muscle wasting, and a compromised immune system. (huel.com)
  • The functions of skeletal muscle include producing movement, maintaining body posture, controlling body temperature, and stabilizing joints. (wikipedia.org)
Effect1
  • Finally, paeonol inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and provides antioxidant effect [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Movement1
Diseases1
  • Clinical studies of androgen supplementation in age-related diseases and muscle wasting are a focus of emerging interest ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
Production1
Length1