ALPHA-BUNGAROTOXINNAChRPeptideToxinsNanomolar affinityBungarusNicotinic receptorReceptorsAtropinePostsynapticProteinLinkerFluorescentFunctionNicotinicAntagonistSnakeNicotineReceptorNeuronal125IPresynapticallyNeuromuscular junctionNAchRsEpitopeNeurotoxinProteinsNeuronsAlphaTreatmentFoundShownSpecific
ALPHA-BUNGAROTOXIN5
- The solution structure of the complex between alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and a 13-residue library-derived peptide (MRYYESSLKSYPD) has been solved using two-dimensional proton-NMR spectroscopy. (rcsb.org)
- An autoradiographic analysis of [3H]alpha-bungarotoxin distribution in the rat brain after intraventricular injection. (rupress.org)
- Purified alpha-bungarotoxin was isolated by chromatography and made radioactive with tritium ([3H]acetamidino-alpha-bungarotoxin). (rupress.org)
- Infusions of [3H]alpha-bungarotoxin alone or preceded by tubocurarine or atropine were given into the third ventricle. (rupress.org)
- Injections of alpha-bungarotoxin (radioinert) in buffer, or of [3H]parathyroid hormone in buffer, served as controls. (rupress.org)
NAChR2
- α-Bungarotoxin irreversibly blocks the binding of acetylcholine (ACh) to postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR) on both muscle and neurons. (wikipedia.org)
- Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that relaxation induced by nicotine (100 μM) was blocked by preferential α 7 -nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and α-bungarotoxin) and nonspecific nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by dihydro-β-erythroidine (a preferential α 4 -nAChR antagonist). (aspetjournals.org)
Peptide4
- Chemical synthesis of α-bungarotoxin requires hydrazide-based coupling of three peptide fragments in successive steps. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
- The blocking effect of fluorescent α-bungarotoxin could be displaced by incubation with a 20-mer peptide mimicking the α-bungarotoxin binding site. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
- METHODS: We have prepared a multivalent reactive N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-based copolymer (PHPMA) bearing an α-bungarotoxin-binding peptide (BTXbp). (ox.ac.uk)
- In this study, we followed endocytic trafficking of surface channels in real time by live-cell imaging of channel subunits tagged with an extracellular minimal α-bungarotoxin-binding peptide labeled with a fluorescent dye. (elsevierpure.com)
Toxins3
- Bungarotoxins are toxins found in the venom of snakes and kraits. (wikipedia.org)
- The four characterized toxins are: α-Bungarotoxin β-Bungarotoxin (not a three-finger toxin) γ-Bungarotoxin (Q9YGJ0) k-Bungarotoxin Research involving bungarotoxins has been significant in improving our understanding of neurotransmission. (wikipedia.org)
- Like most large toxins, chemical synthesis of α-bungarotoxin is challenging, explaining why all previous reports use purified or recombinant α-bungarotoxin. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
Nanomolar affinity1
- Using automated patch-clamp recordings, we demonstrate that fluorescent synthetic α-bungarotoxin has the expected nanomolar affinity for the nicotinic receptor. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
Bungarus3
- Bungarotoxins are a group of closely related neurotoxic proteins of the three-finger toxin superfamily found in the venom of kraits including Bungarus multicinctus (the many-banded krait). (wikipedia.org)
- Into our body, Bungarotoxins are exogenous neurotoxic reptilian proteins from the elapid venom of the banded or Formosan krait (Bungarus multicinctus, an elapid snake). (wellnessadvantage.com)
- α-bungarotoxin is a large, 74 amino acid toxin containing five disulphide bridges, initially identified in the venom of Bungarus multicinctus snake. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
Nicotinic receptor2
- Next, we determined the efficacy of the fluorescent-tagged α-bungarotoxin to block acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated currents in response to muscle nicotinic receptor activation in TE671 cells. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
- Purification and characterization of a bungarotoxin polypeptide which blocks nicotinic receptor function in primary culture of adrenal chromaffin cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Receptors4
- In actuality, venom contains several distinct bungarotoxins, each varying in which receptors they act on and how powerful they are. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly, κ-bungarotoxin acts to block postsynaptic nAchRs, but its effect is primarily on neuronal receptors rather than muscular nicotinic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- We thus demonstrate that synthetic fluorescent-tagged α-bungarotoxin preserves excellent properties for binding onto muscle nicotinic receptors. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
- α-bungarotoxin and strychnine are antagonists of α7* and α9* receptors and α7* and α9* highly permeable to calcium. (frontiersin.org)
Atropine1
- Binding was prevented by native dendrotoxin but not by beta-bungarotoxin or atropine. (strath.ac.uk)
Postsynaptic1
- This did not appear to arise by a postsynaptic action since a-bungarotoxin binding and/or ACh sensitivity were unaffected. (ucl.ac.uk)
Protein2
- The α-bungarotoxin protein (BTX) has a nanomolar binding affinity for BTXbp, allowing non-covalent linkage of BTX fusion proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
- c ) The 5.8 Å density map and superimposed 2.7 Å structure of the Torpedo receptor (PDB entry 6uwz ) obtained from detergent-solubilized protein complexed with α -bungarotoxin. (iucr.org)
Linker1
- Multi-component polymeric system for tumour cell-specific gene delivery using a universal bungarotoxin linker. (ox.ac.uk)
Fluorescent1
- Herein, we describe a procedure for the chemical synthesis of a fluorescent-tagged α-bungarotoxin. (univ-grenoble-alpes.fr)
Function1
- Bungarotoxins function by modulating acetylcholine neurotransmission in both muscles and neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Nicotinic17
- α-Bungarotoxin irreversibly blocks the binding of acetylcholine (ACh) to postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR) on both muscle and neurons. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly, κ-bungarotoxin acts to block postsynaptic nAchRs, but its effect is primarily on neuronal receptors rather than muscular nicotinic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- The α7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is abundantly expressed in hippocampus and is implicated in modulating neurotransmitter release and in binding α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT). (jneurosci.org)
- In the vertebrate brain, two categories of nicotinic receptors are distinguishable based on high-affinity binding of the agonist nicotine or high-affinity binding of the antagonist α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT). (jneurosci.org)
- The snake neurotoxin α-bungarotoxin (α-Bgtx) is a competitive antagonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and is widely used to study their function and cell-surface expression. (ucl.ac.uk)
- To identify high-affinity interactions between long-chain α-neurotoxins and nicotinic receptors, we determined the crystal structure of the complex between α-btx (α-bungarotoxin) and a pentameric ligand-binding domain constructed from the human α7 AChR (acetylcholine receptor) and AChBP (acetylcholine-binding protein). (nih.gov)
- This indicated that two types of α-bungarotoxin-resistant nAChRs (named nAChR1 and nAChR2) mediated the nicotinic response. (aspetjournals.org)
- Labeled a -bungarotoxin conjugates can be used to facilitate identification of nicotinic AChRs and to localize neuromuscular junctions. (umass.edu)
- 9. Fast synaptic transmission mediated by alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in lamina X neurones of neonatal rat spinal cord. (nih.gov)
- 13. Synaptic potentials mediated via alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat hippocampal interneurons. (nih.gov)
- In the past year we have used alpha-bungarotoxin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate to identify the synoptic sites of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors aggregation on cultured skeletal muscle cells by neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells and by substances secreted by those cells. (nih.gov)
- An endogenous prototoxin with a structure similar to a-bungarotoxin in snake venom (Figure), Lynx1 binds nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) to promote their desensitization. (harvard.edu)
- Human β-amyloid (Aβ) was measured by ELISA, synaptophysin by Western blot and α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were analyzed by [(125)I]α-bungarotoxin autoradiography. (nih.gov)
- The protein encoded by this gene forms a homo-oligomeric channel, displays marked permeability to calcium ions and is a major component of brain nicotinic receptors that are blocked by, and highly sensitive to, alpha-bungarotoxin. (nih.gov)
- Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a norditerpenoid alkaloid isolated from Delphinium seeds, is one of the most potent non-proteinacious ligands that is selective for alpha bungarotoxin-sensitive neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). (ox.ac.uk)
- The radioligand binding displayed nicotinic pharmacology, consistent with an interaction with alpha bungarotoxin-sensitive nAChR. (ox.ac.uk)
- Lukas RJ, Morimoto H, Hanley MR, Bennett EL (1981) Radiolabeled alpha-bungarotoxin derivatives: kinetic interaction railleryh nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (upb.ro)
Antagonist2
- In parallel, we analyzed the production and localization of several epidermal cornified envelope proteins in mouse skin and in human EpiDerm™ organotypic constructs stimulated with a nAChR agonist (nicotine) and/or a nAChR selective antagonist (α-bungarotoxin). (duke.edu)
- KEY FINDINGS: We determined that psychological stress in mice impairs barrier permeability function and recovery, an effect that is reversed by application of the α7 selective nAChR antagonist, α-bungarotoxin (Bung). (duke.edu)
Snake1
- The snake alpha-toxins, alpha bungarotoxin and alpha cobratoxin, displaced [3H]MLA with high affinity (Ki = 1.8 +/- 0.5 and 5.5 +/- 0.9 nM, respectively), whereas nicotine was less potent (Ki = 6.1 +/- 1.1 microM). (ox.ac.uk)
Nicotine1
- Under 0.5 μM α-bungarotoxin treatment, pressure ejection application of nicotine or acetylcholine onto the cell body induced an inward current exhibiting a biphasic current-voltage relationship. (aspetjournals.org)
Receptor1
- Tetramethylrhodamine a-bungarotoxin can be used to visualize this receptor. (umass.edu)
Neuronal1
- Radioligand assays indicated that synthetic SLURP-1 did not compete with [I]-α-bungarotoxin (α-Bgt) binding to human neuronal α7 and Torpedo californica muscle-type nAChRs, nor to mollusk acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBP). (pasteur.fr)
125I2
- 29.6% (mean value) of the total 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx) binding sites in the TE671 extracts was not inhibited by d-tubocurarine (dTC). (nih.gov)
- The distribution of [3H]MLA binding sites in crudely dissected rat brain regions was identical to that of [125I] alpha bungarotoxin binding sites, with a high binding site density in hippocampus and hypothalamus, but low density in striatum and cerebellum. (ox.ac.uk)
Presynaptically2
- Conversely, β- and γ-bungarotoxins act presynaptically to cause excessive acetylcholine release and subsequent depletion, resulting in paralysis. (wikipedia.org)
- beta- and gamma-bungarotoxins act presynaptically causing acetylcholine release and depletion. (bvsalud.org)
Neuromuscular junction1
- Neuromuscular deficit was measured by assessing changes in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology using a-Bungarotoxin stain from a tibialis anterior muscle sample collected from the fatigue mouse model. (nih.gov)
NAchRs1
- The regulation of α-bungarotoxin-resistant nAChRs was studied on dissociated adult dorsal unpaired median neurons isolated from the terminal abdominal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana , using whole-cell, patch-clamp technique. (aspetjournals.org)
Epitope2
- DNA constructs and cell lines SHH The HPGDSSGDSS sequence in the second extracellular loop of human DAT was replaced by YPYDVPDASL (HA epitope) or AAWRYYESSLEPYPDSSTS [bungarotoxin-binding site (BBS), underscored] to make DAT-HA or DAT-BBS, respectively. (mingsheng88.org)
- The bungarotoxin binding site (BBS) epitope (S1-S2) allows for selective labeling of surface Q1 subunits, YFP signal represents total Q1 expression. (1library.net)
Neurotoxin1
- β-bungarotoxin (12.9%), a presynaptic neurotoxin, was also identified. (medscape.com)
Proteins1
- The α-bungarotoxin protein (BTX) has a nanomolar binding affinity for BTXbp, allowing non-covalent linkage of BTX fusion proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
Neurons1
- Bungarotoxins function by modulating acetylcholine neurotransmission in both muscles and neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Alpha3
- The injection of either d-tubocurarine (350 micrograms/kg) or alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-Butx) (1 mg/kg) resulted in a flaccid paralysis. (nih.gov)
- The channel is blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin. (nih.gov)
- A good signal to noise ratio and rapid binding kinetics provide advantages over the use of radiolabelled alpha bungarotoxin for rapid and accurate equilibrium binding assays. (ox.ac.uk)
Treatment1
- understanding the mechanism by which bungarotoxins work can improve treatment options in such situations. (wikipedia.org)
Found1
- Bungarotoxins are toxins found in the venom of snakes and kraits. (wikipedia.org)
Shown1
- b -Bungarotoxin has been shown to contain several components, the major protein being designated as b 1 - or b -bungarotoxin. (drugfuture.com)