AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Cell CycleEukaryotic CellsCell Cycle ProteinsYeastsCDC2 Protein KinaseCyclin-Dependent KinasesMitosisMolecular Sequence DataSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsCyclinsAmino Acid SequenceG1 PhaseSchizosaccharomycesCyclin BS PhaseBase SequencePhosphorylationDNA ReplicationCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Models, BiologicalProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesNuclear ProteinsCell Cycle CheckpointsFungal ProteinsMutationGenes, FungalCell DivisionSequence Homology, Amino AcidProtein BindingDNA-Binding ProteinsCell LineDNA, FungalTranscription, GeneticCell NucleusCloning, MolecularHeLa CellsG2 PhaseRNA, MessengerTranscription FactorsSchizosaccharomyces pombe ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiaryRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSequence AlignmentDNAApoptosisSignal TransductionDNA DamageEukaryotaMenstrual CyclePlasmidsSaccharomycetalesBinding SitesCell ProliferationCarrier ProteinsProtein BiosynthesisKineticsTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesEukaryotic Initiation Factor-2Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4EProtein KinasesRNA, FungalCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Retinoblastoma ProteinRecombinant ProteinsCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21Cell Line, TumorYeast, DriedEscherichia coliG2 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsGene Expression RegulationTime FactorsGenes, cdcProtein TransportGenome, FungalCells, CulturedPeptide Initiation FactorsMembrane ProteinsCytoplasmBacterial ProteinsGene DeletionTumor Suppressor Protein p53InterphaseG0 PhaseModels, MolecularBlotting, WesternConserved SequenceHistonesDNA PrimersMicroscopy, FluorescencePromoter Regions, GeneticTransfectionEvolution, MolecularEukaryotic Initiation Factor-4GFlow CytometryG1 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsProteinsProkaryotic CellsChromatinGene Expression
SaccharomycesFission yeastProteinsUnderstanding of eukaryotic replicationFungiOrganismUnicellularMitosisMitoticInitiationBaker'sOrganismsHaploidSingle-celledSpecies of yeastGenomeMorphologyCerevisiaeMolecularEukaryotesCyclin-DependeConserved from yeast to humansRegulateCytokinesisVegetativeGenesMorphogenesisProgressionHomologsSir2 and Sir3MoleculesRegulationBiologicalHumansMulti-subunitDegradationHistonesMammalian cellReproduceMechanismsPhosphataseNuclearCheckpointBacteriaStructuresBiochemistryUtilizeBiochemicalCdk1StochasticModelActinOriginsCandidaPhysiologyDistinctMetabolismFungalPathwaysOverexpressionDivergentOrganizationCircumventChromatinGeneBiolPhases of the cell cycle
Saccharomyces23
Fission yeast5
  • Stern, B. & Nurse, P. A quantitative model for the cdc2 control of S phase and mitosis in fission yeast. (nature.com)
  • Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
  • We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824. (pasteur.fr)
  • Modeling cell growth, diviions and morphology in fission yeast. (vt.edu)
  • The fission yeast homologue of Orc4p binds to replication origin DNA via multiple AT-hooks. (embl.de)
Proteins15
  • The eukaryotic cell cycle requires precise temporal coordination of the activities of hundreds of 'executor' proteins (EPs) involved in cell growth and division. (nih.gov)
  • Because many yeast proteins are similar in sequence and function to those found in other organisms, studies performed in yeast can help us to determine how a particular gene or protein functions in higher eukaryotes (including humans). (jove.com)
  • Interestingly, many proteins found in yeast share similar sequences with proteins from their fellow Eukaryotes. (jove.com)
  • In this project, they will use budding yeast as a model and the latest experimental high-throughput methods to map the structural changes of proteins and RNA during the cell cycle. (academichive.com)
  • The yeast cell wall is a complex structure comprising proteins, lipids, and at least two types of polysaccharides: mannan and glucan. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Forced association of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the yeast proteome perturb vesicle trafficking. (microbialcell.com)
  • Here we discuss three innovative applications of the yeast model system to reveal functions and investigate variants of proteins encoded by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (microbialcell.com)
  • Directed evolution and yeast display as described by Zahradník et al generates SARS-CoV-2 proteins with enhanced binding properties or activities. (microbialcell.com)
  • A new project in the lab is aimed at identifying proteins that are involved in yeast nuclear architecture, namely the proteins that determine nuclear structure and define sub-nuclear domains. (unt.edu)
  • these proteins include cell cycle proteins, signaling proteins, and protein-processing enzymes. (ensembl.org)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Proteins targeted to the peroxisome (in plants called glyoxisomes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and are targeted to the peroxisome post-translationally, possibly via multiple pathways. (tcdb.org)
  • The C-terminal domain shows strong sequence similarity to human, frog, and yeast Orc4 proteins, including conserved ATP-binding motifs. (embl.de)
  • We have classified these motifs into three types according to their sequence similarity and have found that they are prevalent in many eukaryotic nuclear proteins in single or multiple copies. (embl.de)
Understanding of eukaryotic replication1
  • These results unify our understanding of eukaryotic replication initiation, implicate defective CMG assembly in microcephalic dwarfism, and illustrate how in silico protein-protein interaction screening accelerates mechanistic discovery. (bvsalud.org)
Fungi8
  • Along with mushrooms and molds, S. cerevisiae belongs to the Kingdom Fungi due to the presence of a cell wall made out of chitin, a polysaccharide polymer that's found not only in Fungi, but also in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans. (jove.com)
  • Yeast, a unicellular eukaryotic organism , belongs to the kingdom Fungi. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The first microscopic observation of yeast was by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1680, although their classification as fungi was established later by Theodor Schwann in 1837. (microbiologynote.com)
  • At present, many taxonomists are in agreement with the arrangement proposed by Ainsworth in which the fungi are treated as a separate kingdom and the yeasts are included in the division Eumycota. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • While the definition of yeasts varies somewhat according to author, they are generally defined as fungi which, in a stage of their life cycle, occur as single cells, reproducing commonly by budding or less frequently by fission. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The distinction of yeasts from related mycelial fungal forms is highly subjective, resulting in a number of transitional forms between yeasts and the more typical higher fungi. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Then we take a closer look at bacteria, fungi and mammalian cells, how they work, and how they behave and reproduce. (surrey.ac.uk)
  • Overview of Fungal Infections Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that exist as yeast, molds, or both forms. (msdmanuals.com)
Organism5
  • S. cerevisiae is also a critical model organism in cell biology research, aiding in the understanding of eukaryotic cell and human biology. (microbiologynote.com)
  • In fact, even from an industrial viewpoint they are confusing, for yeast considered as a cultivated organism in one industry, for example- brewery yeast, may well be considered to be wild yeast by bakers. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Particularly in yeast, an organism where gluconeogenesis and glycolytic activity are intermittently coordinated, the multi-subunit GID E3 ligase complex specifically targets the surplus of gluconeogenic enzymes, including the conserved Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (Fbp1), for proteasomal degradation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using budding yeast as a model organism, our goal in this project is to systematically identify and characterize components of the main growth-regulatory pathways (TORC1, TORC2, PKA and AMPK) that have the strongest effects on cell cycle progression. (noorderlink.nl)
  • We chose budding yeast as a model organism because biochemical studies of chromatin structure could be combined with molecular genetics. (nih.gov)
Unicellular2
  • The transition of C. albicans from unicellular yeast form to filamentous form i.e ., pseudohyphae and hyphae is referred to as morphogenesis. (scirp.org)
  • Three main morphological forms of C. albicans are unicellular yeast, pseudohyphae and hyphae. (scirp.org)
Mitosis8
Mitotic4
  • This chapter provides an overview of our current knowledge of the molecules and mechanisms that regulate the mitotic cell cycle in these two yeasts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
  • Post-mitotic cell separation is one of the most prominent events in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells, but the molecular underpinning of this fundamental biological process is far from being concluded and fully characterized. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In budding yeast, the phosphatase Cdc14 is released from nucleolus to promote mitotic exit (ME). (rockefeller.edu)
Initiation7
  • His lab studies how the replisome interacts with DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint machinery, how initiation of replication is directed by nucleosomes, and how replication forks perform nucleosome inheritance, the process by which nucleosomes (the fundamental structural unit of chromosomal DNA) are passed down from parental to daughter DNA during replication. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Assembly of the CMG (CDC-45-MCM-2-7-GINS) helicase is the key regulated step during eukaryotic DNA replication initiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • CDC45-MCM2-7-GINS (CMG) helicase assembly is the central event in eukaryotic replication initiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells, associates with the origins of DNA replication to form part of the pre-replicative complex. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Although ORC appears to play an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication in the cells of all eukaryotes, its interactions with DNA have not been defined in species other than budding yeast. (embl.de)
Baker's1
  • For this reason, the growth and cell division cycle of all eukaryotic cells, from baker's yeast to mammalian cells, are tightly regulated by several conserved signaling pathways that interact with each other. (noorderlink.nl)
Organisms4
  • Yeast belong to the domain Eukaryota, which is comprised of organisms with membrane-bound nuclei, referred to as eukaryotes. (jove.com)
  • Studies in these two evolutionarily divergent organisms have identified common control mechanisms, which have provided paradigms for our understanding of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Generally organisms with plurinucleate cells or those producing black pig-ments or producing asexual spores borne on distinct aerial structures are excluded. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • It is one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology, much like Escherichia coli as the model bacterium. (ensembl.org)
Haploid8
  • Moreover, we demonstrate that Amn1 induces proteolysis of Ace2 through the ubiquitin proteasome system and in turn, down-regulates Ace2's downstream target genes involved in hydrolysis of the primary septum, thus leading to inhibition of cell separation and clumping of haploid yeast cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Haploid yeast cells expressing a SARS-CoV-2 protein fused to a high affinity GFP binding protein (GPB) are mated to the yeast GFP strain library. (microbialcell.com)
  • This species of yeast has 16 chromosomes, and a single cell either has one copy of each chromosome (haploid) or two copies of each chromosome (diploid) in the nucleus. (futurelearn.com)
  • When a haploid a-type and haploid (alpha)-type cell meet they recognise the pheromones produced by the other mating type. (futurelearn.com)
  • This diploid cell can either replicate asexually by budding, and remain as a diploid or undergo meiosis to form four haploid spores. (futurelearn.com)
  • When conditions become more favourable, the spores germinate into haploid cells that then start to reproduce. (futurelearn.com)
  • Individually they are uninucleate, naked haploid amoebae without cell-wall, showing typical amoeboid movement with the help of pseudopodia. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • The haploid spores after release, germinate to produce amoeboid cells which develop into flagellate male and female gametes. (biologydiscussion.com)
Single-celled1
  • A yeast cell is a single-celled, eukaryotic microorganism belonging to the fungus kingdom, characterized by its ability to ferment sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. (microbiologynote.com)
Species of yeast1
  • Because it's genome has been sequenced, its genetics are easily manipulated, and it is easy to maintain in the lab, this species of yeast has been an invaluable resource in the understanding of fundamental cellular processes such as cell division and cell death. (jove.com)
Genome4
  • From genome-scale data sets of budding yeast, we identify 126 EPs that are regulated by Cdk1 both through direct phosphorylation of the EP and through phosphorylation of the transcription factors that control expression of the EP, so that each of these EPs is regulated by a feed-forward loop (FFL) from Cdk1. (nih.gov)
  • Robust genetics, cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry complement deep and detailed genome annotation, a multitude of genome-scale strain collections for functional genomics, and substantial gene conservation with Metazoa to comprise a powerful model for modern biological research. (microbialcell.com)
  • Before a cell divides, it must first replicate the genome so that each daughter cell gets a copy of the DNA instruction manual. (futurelearn.com)
  • In eukaryotes the DNA genome is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus and so the process of asexual replication in yeast looks a bit more complicated than binary fission in prokaryotes. (futurelearn.com)
Morphology4
  • Transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction mechanisms are the focus of our group, especially understanding how extracellular stimuli control cell growth and division, cell morphology, and gene expression at the biochemical level. (berkeley.edu)
  • C. albicans has the ability to respond to environmental conditions and accordingly changing its cell morphology. (scirp.org)
  • S. P. Saville, A. L. Lazzell, C. Monteagudo and J. L. Lopez-Ribot, "Engineered Control of Cell Morphology in Vivo Reveals Distinct Roles for Yeast and Filamentous Forms of C. albicans during Infection," Eukaryotic Cell, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2003, pp. 1053-1060. (scirp.org)
  • L. A. Merson-Davies and F. C. Odds, "A Morphology Index for Characterization of Cell Shape in C. albicans," Journal of General Microbiology, Vol. 135, No. 11, 1989, pp. 3143-3152. (scirp.org)
Cerevisiae10
  • Previous studies performed in S. cerevisiae that have contributed to our understanding of important cellular processes such as the cell cycle, aging, and cell death are also discussed. (jove.com)
  • On the other hand, S. cerevisiae undergoes cell division through a process called budding. (jove.com)
  • Finally, we show that AMN1368D from YL1C is a dominant allele in most strains of S. cerevisiae and evolutionarily conserved in both genic structure and phenotypic effect in two closely related yeast species, K. lactis and C. glabrata. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The term "yeast" is frequently synonymous with S. cerevisiae, though this does not reflect the full phylogenetic diversity of yeast species. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Commercial exploitation of yeast began in the late 18th century, with strains like S. cerevisiae and S. pastorianus being identified for brewing. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (nature.com)
  • S. cerevisiae cells are round to ovoid, 5--10 μm in diameter. (ensembl.org)
  • S. cerevisiae is currently the only yeast cell known to have Berkeley bodies present, which are involved in particular secretory pathways. (ensembl.org)
  • In contrast, here we focus on reverse-engineering the network of relationships among transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in S. cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have developed a technique to reverse-engineer networks of the time-dependent activities of transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in S. cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular9
  • The Draviam lab aims to understand the molecular principles that govern cell division and the consequence of its failure when cells transition between states during differentiation. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • John Diffley is known for his elegant use of genetics, biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology to elaborate the events that occur at origins of eukaryotic DNA replication throughout the cell cycle. (royalsociety.org)
  • The results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a critical biochemical step in the licensing of eukaryotic replication origins. (nature.com)
  • Cell physiology, molecular biology and modeling. (vt.edu)
  • Our programs span genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, metabolism and structural biology and utilize budding yeast and mice as model experimental systems. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • Current research on this unique model is focused on understanding global (whole body) and cell-specific molecular and metabolic changes that enhance energy expenditure and contribute to the lean phenotype. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • Our research seeks to understand the mechanisms of pathogenesis in different neural cell populations and their molecular basis. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • Eukaryotic cells can rapidly adjust their transcriptional profile in response to molecular needs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
Eukaryotes3
  • By investigating the function of a given protein in yeast, researchers gain insight into the protein's function in higher eukaryotes, such as us, humans. (jove.com)
  • In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In most eukaryotes, two classes of histones have been described: (1) replicative or canonical histones, expressed only during the S phase of the cell cycle, which are assembled onto chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent (RD) manner, and (2) variant histones, which differ in their primary amino acid sequences, are expressed throughout the cell cycle, and can be deposited in a replication-independent (RI) fashion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclin-Depende2
Conserved from yeast to humans1
  • We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
Regulate3
  • We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Swr1 is required for the deposition of histone H2AZ at specific chromosome locations in vivo, and Swr1 and H2AZ commonly regulate a subset of yeast genes. (sdbonline.org)
Cytokinesis4
  • This form of asexual reproduction involves the formation of a newly synthesized bud from the mother cell, which grows in size throughout the cell cycle until cytokinesis. (jove.com)
  • By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
  • The cells separate into two identical daughter cells (cytokinesis). (futurelearn.com)
Vegetative3
  • Reproduction in yeast manifests through both vegetative and sexual methods. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Vegetative reproduction is primarily via budding or fission, while sexual reproduction encompasses haplobiontic, diplobiontic, and haplodiplobiontic life cycles. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Vegetative reproduction by fission is characteristic In this article we will discuss about the yeast:- 1. (biologydiscussion.com)
Genes7
  • We identify highly conserved genes important for eukaryotic cell organization including those required for the cytoskeleton, compartmentation, cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation and RNA splicing. (pasteur.fr)
  • These genes may have originated with the appearance of eukaryotic life. (pasteur.fr)
  • We are studying yeast and mammalian cell lines with mutations in key MMR genes to identify key conserved genetic networks for MMR. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
  • The reduced expression of most of these genes in htz1Delta cells was reversed by the deletion of SIR2 (sir2Delta) suggesting that H2A.Z antagonizes telomeric silencing. (sdbonline.org)
  • Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
  • in the second, we are addressing the role of a sequence-specific DNA-binding histone acetylase, Spt10p, in the cell cycle-dependent regulation of the histone genes. (nih.gov)
Morphogenesis2
  • It is concluded that the Salmonella SigD protein deprived of its phosphatase activity is able to disrupt yeast morphogenesis by interfering with Cdc42 function, opening the possibility that the SigD N-terminal region might directly modulate small GTPases from the host during infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • NRG1 Represses Yeast-Hypha Morphogenesis and Hypha-Specific Gene Expression in C. albicans," EMBO Journal, Vol. 20, No. 17, 2001, pp. 4742-4752. (scirp.org)
Progression5
  • This autonomous Cdc14 release oscillator functions at constant cyclin-Cdk levels by titrated introduction of undegradable Clb2, and at cell-cycle-average Clb2 levels given a block of cell cycle progression by actin depolymerization. (rockefeller.edu)
  • In particular we are interested in regulatory pathways that drive cell division and in surveillance mechanisms, also known as checkpoint pathways, that stop cell cycle progression when cellular components malfunction or become damaged. (unt.edu)
  • At the same time, many of the processes that drive cell cycle progression are conserved throughout evolution. (unt.edu)
  • In the course of my postdoctoral work I came to appreciate the beauty and sophistication of the intricate regulatory mechanisms that drive cell cycle progression in general, and chromosome segregation in particular, and I decided to continue this line of research in my own lab. (unt.edu)
  • Nim1-related kinases coordinate cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton in yeast. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Homologs1
  • Cdc42 and/or Rac homologs are found in fruit flies, round-worms and budding yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
Sir2 and Sir32
  • Yeast heterochromatin regulators Sir2 and Sir3 act directly at euchromatic DNA replication origins. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In htz1Delta cells, Sir2 and Sir3 spread into flanking euchromatic regions, producing changes in histone H4 acetylation and H3 4-methylation indicative of ectopic heterochromatin formation. (sdbonline.org)
Molecules5
  • Cell cycle molecules and mechanisms of the budding and fission yeasts. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These include RNAs that are central players in cell growth, notably in protein synthesis, and molecules that function in RNA processing, protein secretion and in various regulatory capacities. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • Validation of a high throughput screening assay to identify small molecules that target the eukaryotic replicative helicase. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Regulation12
  • Thus, the regulation of CDC6 is tightly correlated to the activity of Cdk2 and since Cdk2-activity is oscillating once per cell cycle, the accumulation and degradation of CDC6 also oscillates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nevertheless, it has been suggested that regulation of CDC6 is one of several redundant mechanisms that prevent re-replication of the DNA in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell cycle regulation. (vt.edu)
  • Why do we need stochastic models for cell cycle regulation? (vt.edu)
  • A model of yeast cell cycle regulation based on multisite posphorylation. (vt.edu)
  • Its mechanism and regulation of its frequency by Clb2-Cdk, suggest the hypothesis that intrinsically autonomous Cdc14 release cycles are locked at once per cell cycle through entrainment by the cyclin-Cdk oscillator. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Main focus: Cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
  • My lab works on cell cycle regulation in budding yeast. (unt.edu)
  • Proper regulation of Pol III transcription is critical for balanced growth and its deregulation is a key event in cell transformation and tumorigenesis. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • The MSB group, part of the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), aims at generating a systems-level understanding of cellular metabolism (Prof. Matthias Heinemann), growth regulation by signaling pathways (Prof. Andreas Milias-Argeitis) and the regulation of cell division mechanisms (Dr Julia Kamenz). (noorderlink.nl)
  • We validate our approach in two ways: by demonstrating that it accurately models expression data and by demonstrating that our reconstructed model is similar to previously-published models of transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our regression-based approach allows us to build a general model of transcriptional regulation of the yeast cell cycle that includes additional factors and couplings not reported in previously-published models. (biomedcentral.com)
Biological1
  • While they know many of the cell biological changes and biochemical control mechanisms, it turns out that there is still so much that they do not understand. (academichive.com)
Humans3
  • Research from O'Donnell's lab has provided an overview of how the replication machine, or replisome, functions in Escherichia coli , yeast, and humans. (rockefeller.edu)
  • His recent work centers around humans and budding yeast, and understanding the dynamic behavior of the eukaryotic replisome components. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Other yeasts, such as Candida albicans, are opportunistic pathogens in humans. (microbiologynote.com)
Multi-subunit1
  • In yeast, a multi-subunit "pre-loading complex" (pre-LC) accompanies GINS to chromatin-bound MCM2-7, leading to CMG formation. (bvsalud.org)
Degradation2
Histones3
  • Eukaryotic replisomes must deal with histones, which organize the DNA in eukaryotic cells. (rockefeller.edu)
  • To counteract constraints imposed by nucleosome structure, cells deploy two major classes of multiprotein enzymes, which covalently modify the nucleosome core histones or catalyze nucleosome mobility in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent fashion. (sdbonline.org)
  • Much of the current understanding of these processes is derived from analyses of nucleosomal histones that represent the major histone species within cells. (sdbonline.org)
Mammalian cell1
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
Reproduce4
  • Yeast cells vary in size and shape, reproduce mainly asexually through budding, and are found in diverse environments, particularly those rich in sugars. (microbiologynote.com)
  • However, among the yeasts, the cell shapes and the means by which they reproduce are quite varied. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Bacteria and archaea reproduce asexually by splitting one cell into two equal halves in a process called binary fission (Figure 1). (futurelearn.com)
  • Yeasts consist of solitary cells that reproduce by budding. (msdmanuals.com)
Mechanisms3
  • Finally, the video describes some of the many ways in which yeast cells are put to work in modern scientific research, including protein purification and the study of DNA repair mechanisms and other cellular processes related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (jove.com)
  • While the contribution of these mechanisms to cell and tissue identity is widely accepted, their role in physiological and pathological contexts within tissues is just beginning to be appreciated. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • In mammalian cells the inactivation of these surveillance mechanisms can lead to cancer. (unt.edu)
Phosphatase1
  • The authors have previously reported that the Salmonella typhimurium SigD protein, a phosphatidylinositol phosphatase involved in invasion of the host cell, inhibits yeast growth, presumably by depleting an essential pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bis phosphate, and also that a catalytically inactive version, SigD R468A , was able to arrest growth by a different mechanism that involved disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Nuclear2
  • Yeasts possess rather rigid, thick cell walls, have a well-organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane (eukaryotic), and have no motile stages. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Requirement of Cdc42 for Salmonella typhimurium -induced cytoskeletal reorganization and nuclear responses in cultured cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Checkpoint3
  • Irreversible transitions, bistability and checkpoint controls in the eukaryotic cell cycle: a systems-level understanding. (vt.edu)
  • Second, growth inhibition by SigD R468A was mediated by a cell cycle arrest in G2 dependent on the Swe1 morphogenetic checkpoint, but SigD-induced growth inhibition was cell cycle independent. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Yeast Stn1 promotes MCM to circumvent Rad53 control of the S phase checkpoint. (yeastgenome.org)
Bacteria3
  • Distinctly larger than most bacteria, yeast is non-motile, lacking flagella or other locomotive structures. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Overview of Bacteria Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. (msdmanuals.com)
Structures1
  • For this, we will make us limited-digestion mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) to determine the cell cycle-dependent changes in protein structures and in vivo structural probing to determine RNA changes. (academichive.com)
Biochemistry2
  • I then sought a eukaryotic experimental system that would allow me to combine genetics and biochemistry, and the obvious choice was budding yeast. (unt.edu)
  • We start with an overview of cell biology and biochemistry. (surrey.ac.uk)
Utilize1
  • We will utilize this information to predict (and test) synthetic sick or lethal interactions in defined MMR- deficient mouse and human cancer cell lines. (elsevierpure.com)
Biochemical2
  • The budding yeast is a wonderful system for studying these questions because it lends itself to genetic, biochemical and cytological manipulations. (unt.edu)
  • Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
Cdk12
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Identification of Clb5-specific Cdk1 substrates in budding yeast. (nature.com)
Stochastic2
  • The timing of key events in the eukaryotic cell cycle is remarkably stochastic. (lu.se)
  • Experiments have shown that START in budding yeast proceeds in two distinct steps, both of which are stochastic. (lu.se)
Model5
  • We therefore generalized earlier work and studied a model in which the cycle has two parts, the durations of both of which are assumed to be random and independent. (lu.se)
  • Recently, the yeast model has demonstrated its utility in a perhaps unexpected area, that of eukaryotic virology. (microbialcell.com)
  • published in Microbial Cell [1] , are establishing the utility of the yeast model to address these critical questions. (microbialcell.com)
  • A mathematical model for the reciprocal differentiation of T helper 17 cells and induced regulatory T cells. (vt.edu)
  • Recent mouse model studies have identified two populations of cells, namely the granule neuron progenitors in the external germinal layer and the multipluripotent neural stem cells likely from the dorsal brain stem [ 4 ], as the cellular origin of medulloblastoma. (oncotarget.com)
Actin2
  • In all systems, these GTPases are best known for their effects on the polymerization and distribution of actin in the cell cortex [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The amino-terminal non-catalytic region of Salmonella typhimurium SigD affects actin organization in yeast and mammalian cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Origins2
  • These findings suggest that chromatinized origins in yeast are essential for the local retention of MCM, which may facilitate subsequent assembly of the replisome. (bvsalud.org)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
Candida1
  • S. Nadeem, A. Shafiq, S. Hakim, Y. Anjum and S. U. Kazm, "Effect of Growth Media, pH and Temperature on Yeast to Hyphal Transition in Candida albicans ," Open Journal of Medical Microbiology , Vol. 3 No. 3, 2013, pp. 185-192. (scirp.org)
Physiology1
Distinct3
  • During the process of differentiation, quiescence and senescence are two cell dormancy states with distinct cell fates and transcriptomic statuses. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • The structure of a yeast cell includes a distinct cell wall, granular cytoplasm, a prominent vacuole , and a nucleus. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Our results indicate that Cac2 and Hir1 have distinct localization patterns during different stages of the Tetrahymena life cycle and suggest that Cac2 might be dispensable for chromatin assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism2
  • The vacuole within a yeast cell, which can vary in size based on the cell's activity, plays a significant role in cell metabolism and storage. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The relationship between volutin content and cell metabolism is intricate, indicating a close link between these internal components and the cell's overall functioning. (microbiologynote.com)
Fungal2
  • Distinguished as eukaryotic microorganisms, yeasts encompass over 1,500 recognized species, forming about 1% of all described fungal species. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Patients with prolonged neutropenia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or chemotherapy and patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics and high doses of corticosteroids are predisposed to fungal infections. (msdmanuals.com)
Pathways2
  • Our results provide an evolutionary perspective on H3.3's conserved role in maintaining the transcriptional landscape of cells and on the emergence of specialized chromatin assembly pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, we still do not fully understand how the pathways that control cell growth are coupled to the cell cycle machinery that controls DNA replication and division. (noorderlink.nl)
Overexpression5
  • It has been shown that overexpression of CDC6 does not induce re-replication in cognate cells, probably due to inhibition through CDK that resets the cell cycle clock to G1. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, CDC6 overexpression in primary cells may promote DNA hyper-replication and induce a senescence response similar to that caused by oncogene activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Esp1 overexpression drives ME in Cdc20-depleted cells arrested in metaphase. (rockefeller.edu)
  • In a screen for suppressors of SigD R468A -induced growth arrest by overexpression of a yeast cDNA library, the Cdc42 GTPase was isolated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We demonstrate that miR-31 inhibits MCM2 expression via its 3'-untranslated region, that knockdown of MCM2 in DAOY cells leads to a degree of growth inhibition comparable to that by miR-31 restoration, and that overexpression of miR-31 reduces the chromatin loading of MCM2 at the point of G1/S transition. (oncotarget.com)
Divergent1
  • This broad distribution across widely divergent eukaryotic species suggests that Cdc42 and Rac GTPases have an ancient origin, perhaps even predating that of their cousin Ras. (biomedcentral.com)
Organization1
  • First, expression of SigD R468A caused accumulation of large unbudded cells and loss of septin organization, while SigD expression caused none of these effects. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Circumvent1
Chromatin1
  • These advances establish a third mechanism of chromatin reconfiguration, raising fundamental questions about the stability of nucleosomes in nonreplicative phases of the cell cycle and the cellular machinery responsible for incorporating histone variants into nucleosomes (Mizuguchi, 2004). (sdbonline.org)
Gene3
  • This diagram displays Gene Ontology terms (green) and subunits (blue) that are shared between the given macromolecular complex (black) and other yeast complexes (yellow). (yeastgenome.org)
  • The condensation of eukaryotic DNA in arrays of nucleosomes has a profound effect on gene function. (sdbonline.org)
  • Global gene expression profiling of mouse medulloblastomas and bioinformatics analyses of microRNA targets suggest that minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) is a likely target gene of miR-31 in suppressing cell growth. (oncotarget.com)
Biol1
Phases of the cell cycle1
  • By mathematical modelling, we show that such FFLs can activate EPs at different phases of the cell cycle depending of the effective signs (+ or -) of the regulatory steps of the FFL. (nih.gov)