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BuchneraAphidsSymbiosisGenomeGenome, BacterialGenome, ViralGenome, PlantGenome SizeGenome, HumanEvolution, MolecularPhylogenySequence Analysis, DNAGenome, MitochondrialAnthranilate Synthase
Prokaryotic genomesGenesPisumAphidsAphidSymbiontsAphidicola strSequencesLiving organismBacteriumPhylogenySpeciesBacteriaEukaryoticMicrobial genomeCompletely sequencedGenomicSequenceReductionEscherichiaEvolution2016Biosynthesis2002SubspAnnotationStrainsGenusChromosomeAdaptationProteinsProteinHostSynthesisRegulatoryStrainBLASTDistancesSmallData
Prokaryotic genomes1
  • Congruent evolution of different classes of non-coding DNA in prokaryotic genomes. (harvard.edu)
Genes11
  • Our analysis showed that mRNA abundances, gene organization (operon) and gene essentiality are correlated in Buchnera (i.e., the most expressed genes are essential genes organized in operons) whereas no link between mRNA abundances and gene strand bias was found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, bacterial genomes carry, on average, from 78% (for genomes containing the polymerase PolC) to 58% (for the other genomes) of their genes on the leading strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, unlike most other Gram-negative bacteria, Buchnera lacks the genes to produce lipopolysaccharides for its outer membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers analyzed the intergenic distances in 50 completely sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes using the COG database (primary source) to limit the study to pairs of robustly predicted genes. (harvard.edu)
  • A relatively obvious approach to phylogenetic analysis of whole genomes is to extract as many genes as possible from the genome sequences, create a multiple sequence alignment from each of the genes and to concatenate all alignments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The symbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola lacks key genes in the biosynthesis of five essential amino acids (EAAs), and yet its animal hosts (aphids) depend on the symbiosis for the synthesis of these EAAs (isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine). (gre.ac.uk)
  • To find the homologs, the tool analyses the similarity results between the genes of each organism and the set of 206 genes from 7 genomes (Escherichia coli K12, Bacillus subtilis 168, Candidatus Blochmania floridanus, Buchnera aphidicola APS, Buchnera aphidicola Bp, Buchnera aphidicola Sg and Mycoplasma genitalium G37). (cns.fr)
  • E. coli has numerous representatives of genes present in the oldest living ancestor genome as deduced by these methods. (cns.fr)
  • The minimal set of genes obtained is a function of which and how many genomes are chosen for the analysis. (cns.fr)
  • In some cases, genes may be transferred from the endosymbiont to the host's genome, further cementing the relationship. (plantpropagation.org)
  • Researchers examining the genes of different species of aphids and of their individual gut bacteria found that the emergence of new species of aphids during evolution was mirrored by speciation events in the insects' Buchnera symbionts. (berkeley.edu)
Pisum3
  • Buchnera aphidicola, a member of the Pseudomonadota and the only species in the genus Buchnera, is the primary endosymbiont of aphids, and has been studied in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we used an in vitro culture-assisted protocol to sequence the genome of a facultative strain of Fukatsuia from pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ). (uga.edu)
  • The International Aphid Genomics Consortium (2009) Genome sequence of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. (uga.edu)
Aphids7
  • We have explored the possible conservation of relationships between mRNA abundances and chromosomal organization in the highly reduced genome of Buchnera aphidicola , the primary endosymbiont of the aphids, and a close relative to Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effect of Buchnera genome evolution on gene expression levels has also been analysed in order to assess the constraints imposed by the obligate symbiosis with aphids, underlining the importance of some gene sets for the survival of the two partners. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aphids have developed a bilobed bacteriome containing sixty to eighty bacteriocyte cells in which the life cycle of Buchnera associated with aphids is confined to. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other phloem-feeding aphids, M. persicae rely on the endosymbiotic bacterium, Buchnera aphidicola (Buchnera Mp), for biosynthesis of essential amino acids and other nutrients that are not sufficiently abundant in their phloem sap diet. (usda.gov)
  • Aphids and their endosymbiotic bacteria, Buchnera, rely on each other for survival. (plantpropagation.org)
  • The aphids provide Buchnera with shelter and nutrients, while Buchnera synthesizes essential amino acids that the aphids cannot obtain from their diet. (plantpropagation.org)
  • Aphids have been shown to rely on bacteria to provide essential amino acids the aphids cannot make themselves, and cannot readily obtain from their diet, while the bacteria - a group called Buchnera - get room and, in the form of sap-derived sugars, board. (berkeley.edu)
Aphid9
  • Despite an important reduction in its genome size and an apparent decay of its capacity for regulating transcription, this work reveals a significant correlation between mRNA abundances and chromosomal organization of the aphid-symbiont Buchnera . (biomedcentral.com)
  • A mature aphid may carry an estimated 5.6 × 106 Buchnera cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Buchnera also increases the transmission of plant viruses by producing symbionin, a protein that binds to the viral coat and protects it inside the aphid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The likely precursors for the missing proximal reactions in isoleucine and methionine synthesis were identified, and they differed from predictions based on genome annotations: synthesis of 2-oxobutanoate, the aphid-derived precursor of isoleucine synthesis, was stimulated by homoserine and not threonine via threonine dehydratase, and production of the homocysteine precursor of methionine was driven by cystathionine, not cysteine, via reversal of the transsulfuration pathway. (gre.ac.uk)
  • 45. Feng H, Edwards N, Anderson CMH, Althaus M, Duncan RP, Hsu Y-C, Luetje CW, Price DRG, Wilson ACC * & Thwaites DT* (2019) Trading amino acids at the aphid/ Buchnera symbiotic interface. (miami.edu)
  • mTOR Complex 1 Implicated in Aphid/Buchnera Host/Symbiont Integration. (miami.edu)
  • 41. Lu HL, Chang CC, & Wilson ACC (2016) Amino acid transporters implicated in endocytosis of Buchnera during symbiont transmission in the pea aphid. (miami.edu)
  • We also compared the pea aphid Fukatsuia with a strain from the aphid Cinara confinis (Lachninae) where it is reported to have transitioned to co-obligate status to support decaying Buchnera function. (uga.edu)
  • Burke GR, McLaughlin HJ, Simon J-C, Moran NA (2010) Dynamics of a recurrent mutation in Buchnera symbionts affecting thermal tolerance of pea aphid hosts. (uga.edu)
Symbionts3
  • The Verminephrobacter genomes carry signs of bottleneck-induced genetic drift, such as accelerated evolutionary rates, low codon usage bias, and extensive genome shuffling, which are characteristic of vertically transmitted intracellular symbionts. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the Verminephrobacter genomes lack AT bias, size reduction, and pseudogenization, which are also common genomic hallmarks of vertically transmitted, intracellular symbionts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, we suggest the earthworm- Verminephrobacter association as a new experimental system for investigating host-microbe interactions, and especially for understanding genome evolution of vertically transmitted symbionts in the presence of genetic mixing. (frontiersin.org)
Aphidicola str2
Sequences2
  • The two Mexican genome sequences along with the CLas genome sequences available in GenBank were studied. (uibk.ac.at)
  • Assignment of Homology to Genome Sequences using a Library of Hidden Markov Models that Represent all Proteins of Known Structure. (cam.ac.uk)
Living organism1
  • This has resulted not only in one of the smallest known genomes of any living organism, but also one of the most genetically stable. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterium1
  • Buchnera was named after Paul Buchner [de] by Paul Baumann and his graduate student, and the first molecular characterization of a symbiotic bacterium was carried out by Baumann, using Buchnera. (wikipedia.org)
Phylogeny2
  • Here, we extend the recently described Genome BLAST Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) strategy to compute phylogenetic trees from all completely sequenced plastid genomes currently available and from a selection of mitochondrial genomes representing the major eukaryotic lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome based phylogeny and taxonomy of the "Enterobacteriales": proposal for Enterobacterales ord. (namesforlife.com)
Species3
  • The exponentially increasing number of sequenced genomes necessitates fast, accurate, universally applicable and automated approaches for the delineation of prokaryotic species. (nature.com)
  • Further analyses of the genomes of 72 arthropods species show that the loss of arginine synthesis is common in arthropods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N. equitans might represent an ancient species, and hence possesses a small genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria4
  • While these observations were made on free-living bacteria, very few data exist on symbiotic bacteria characterized by reduced genomes, shaped by their adaptation to the host metabolic requirements and by their high evolution rate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacteria Buchnera sp. (harvard.edu)
  • To determine whether the endosymbiotic bacteria of M. persicae could play a role in tobacco adaptation, the Buchnera Mp genomes from two tobacco-adapted and two non-tobacco M. persicae lineages are sequenced. (usda.gov)
  • These examples, he says, bolster the relatively recent concept of the hologenome, a term referring to the genomes of the host and its microbes together, encompassing perhaps thousands of different types of bacteria on the skin, in the gut and even in reproductive organs. (berkeley.edu)
Eukaryotic1
  • These results increase STK38 our understanding of insect symbiont evolution, while also identifying early genome alterations occurring upon integration of microorganisms with eukaryotic hosts. (a-inhibitor.com)
Microbial genome1
  • A small microbial genome: the end of a long symbiotic relationship? (wikipedia.org)
Completely sequenced2
  • Phylogenetic methods which do not rely on multiple sequence alignments are important tools in inferring trees directly from completely sequenced genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nowadays, an increasing number of completely sequenced genomes are available and a growing field of phylogenetic research deals with the question of how to infer reliable phylogenies from this large amount of data to overcome the limitations of single-gene phylogenies. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic2
  • Celecoxib structure A comparative genomic evaluation involving the genome of phage eiAU and that of phage SSL 2009a unveiled that genome regions encoding many putative structural and replica tion proteins are shared by both phages. (hivprotease-signal.com)
  • Overall the two genomes are very similar with no clear genomic signatures consistent with such a transition, which suggests co-obligate status in C. confinis was a recent event. (uga.edu)
Sequence3
  • The whole genome sequence of CLas strain GDCZ from the historical HLB endemic region in China will serve as a useful resource for further analyses of CLas evolution and HLB epidemiology in China and world. (uibk.ac.at)
  • The predicted gene products with sequence similarity amongst the eiAU and SSL 2009a phage genomes include things like the putative small tail proteins tail tape mea certain, major tail proteins, major capsid proteins, head morphogenesis, phage terminase tiny subunit, and the phage terminase large subunit. (hivprotease-signal.com)
  • Interestingly, other struc tural proteins which includes the host specificity proteins, the tail assembly proteins, and specifically the tail fiber baseplate protein which has become suggested for exclusion in any sequence based mostly phage taxonomy scheme are certainly not shared in between the 2 genomes. (hivprotease-signal.com)
Reduction1
Escherichia1
  • Buchnera is believed to have had a free-living, Gram-negative ancestor similar to a modern Enterobacterales, such as Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
Evolution5
  • Nanoarchaeum equitans , the only known hyperthermophilic archaeon exhibiting parasitic life style, has raised some new questions about the evolution of the Archaea and provided a model of choice to study the genome landmarks correlated with thermo-parasitic adaptation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This mini-review summarizes the collective findings on symbiont diversity, transmission, function, and genome evolution in the earthworm- Verminephrobacter symbiosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genome Biology and Evolution. (uga.edu)
  • Strand MR and Burke GR (2013) Polydnavirus-wasp associations: evolution, genome organization, and function. (uga.edu)
  • In his recent paper, Shapira elaborates on a 2008 proposal by Tel Aviv University researchers that evolution can act on the hologenome, rather than on the genomes of the host and its microbiota separately. (berkeley.edu)
20161
  • Burke GR (2016) Analysis of Genetic Variation Across the Encapsidated Genome of Microplitis demolitor Bracovirus in Parasitoid Wasps. (uga.edu)
Biosynthesis1
  • We sequenced the genome of a parasitoid wasp, C. chilonis , and revealed the features of trait loss in amino acid biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
20021
  • As with many endosymbionts, Abbot and Moran 2002 find Buchnera in Pemphigus obesinymphae to be undergoing relatively high genetic drift (i.e., relative to all organisms). (wikipedia.org)
Subsp1
Annotation1
  • We tested the hypothesis, derived from genome annotation, that the missing Buchnera reactions are mediated by host enzymes, with the exchange of metabolic intermediates between the partners. (gre.ac.uk)
Strains1
  • Thus, whole genome information of CLas strains from Chaoshan area become the most important resource to understand the population diversity and evaluation of CLas in China. (uibk.ac.at)
Genus2
Chromosome1
  • To address this question, here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia chilonis and reconstruct its amino acid biosynthetic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Adaptation1
  • The present study reveals that the genome and proteome composition of N. equitans are marked with the signatures of dual adaptation - one to high temperature and the other to obligatory parasitism. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins3
  • The degree of organization has been shown to increase with genome size, overall GC composition and the presence of nucleoid-binding proteins [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sizes of various Buchnera genomes are in the range of 600 to 650 kb and encode on the order of 500 to 560 proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • eggNOG pipeline is the clustering of the 9.6 million proteins from 2031 genomes. (cns.fr)
Protein1
  • The following tables give some information about the replicons of the genome such as: Length, GC%, Ribosomal RNAs, tRNAs types, Annotations Status, Average CDS length, Repeated regions, Average intergenic length, Protein coding density, number of contigs/scaffolds etc. (cns.fr)
Host5
  • In this context, we have analyzed the genome and proteome composition of N. equitans and compared the same with those of other mesophiles, hyperthermophiles and obligatory host-associated organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The specialized host cells bearing Buchnera were separated into a Buchnera fraction and a Buchnera-free host cell fraction (HF). (gre.ac.uk)
  • The bioinformatic examination on the genomes of these 3 E. ictaluri specific bacteriophages corroborate pre viously published data that signifies that these bacterio phages are lytic, and lack any mechanism for lysogenic conversion of their host. (hivprotease-signal.com)
  • We propose that the opportunity for genetic mixing during part of the host-symbiont life cycle is the key to evade drift-induced genome erosion. (frontiersin.org)
  • Beck MH, Zhang S, Bitra K, Burke GR, Strand MR (2011) The encapsidated genome of Microplitis demolitor bracovirus integrates into the host Pseudoplusia includens . (uga.edu)
Synthesis1
  • Addition of HF to isolated Buchnera preparations significantly increased the production of leucine and phenylalanine, and recombinant enzymes mediating the final reactions in branched-chain amino acid and phenylalanine synthesis rescued the production of these EAAs by Buchnera preparations without HF. (gre.ac.uk)
Regulatory1
  • Buchnera has lost regulatory factors, allowing continuous overproduction of tryptophan and other amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
Strain1
  • The genome of strain GDCZ comprised of 1,230,507 bp with an average G+C content of 36.4%, along with a circular CLasMV1 phage: CLasMV1_GDCZ (8,869 bp). (uibk.ac.at)
BLAST1
  • A comparison of phage eiAU to Enterobacteria phage SSL 2009a was carried out due to the substantial variety of considerable BLAST hits concerning ORFs within the E. ictaluri phage genomes and those respective ORFs within the genome of phage SSL 2009a, which are on normal 34. (hivprotease-signal.com)
Distances2
  • Our results indicate that, at this taxonomic level, plastid genomes are much more valuable for inferring phylogenies than are mitochondrial genomes, and that distances based on breakpoints are of little use. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distances based on the proportion of "matched" HSP length to average genome length were best for tree estimation. (biomedcentral.com)
Small1
  • CGView is a C ircular G enome View ing tool for visualizing and interacting with small genomes. (cns.fr)
Data1
  • You can zoom in and out to see differents features of your genome, reorganise the order of the tracks ans toggle the visibility of them and/or the different type of data displayed. (cns.fr)