Bubonic or septicemic infection. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pneumonic plague is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. (wikipedia.org)
Editorial Note: Plague is caused by infection with Yersinia pestis, a bacterium carried by rodents and transmitted by fleas commonly found in parts of Asia, Africa, and North and South America (1,2). (cdc.gov)
Through an exploration of its life cycle to typical diseases it causes, biochemical tests for its identification, and crucially, how we can prevent and treat infections caused by it - you'll gain a comprehensive understanding of Yersinia pestis. (aboutdarwin.com)
This regurgitation spreads Yersinia pestis into the new host - and thus begins infection. (aboutdarwin.com)
The most well-known disease caused by Yersinia pestis is the Bubonic plague. (aboutdarwin.com)
These compounds may have the potential to inhibit the beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III drug target and can help to combat Yersinia pestis-related infections. (bvsalud.org)
Yersinia infection can cause plague or yersiniosis, both of which are notifiable conditions. (bmj.com)
Infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is uncommon and causes similar symptoms to yersiniosis. (bmj.com)
A type of bacteria known as Yersinia pestis causes the bubonic plague, which is essentially an acute infection of the lymphatic system. (awesomeindia.in)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), bubonic plague is caused by Yersinia Pestis, a zoonotic bacteria usually found in small mammals and their fleas. (535548.com)
Bubonic plague is one of three types of bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis . (infogalactic.com)
There are three main forms of plague in humans: bubonic plague (the commonest form of plague in humans, characterized by fever, delirium, and the formation of buboes), septicemic plague (an especially dangerous form of plague in which the infecting organisms invade the bloodstream), and pneumonic plague (a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis). (samplius.com)
Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis,[3] but it may also cause septicaemic or pneumonic plagues. (vanast.info)
The gram-negative bacillus Yersinia pestis causes the zoonotic infection plague . (oregonstate.education)
Plague - This is a bacterial infection caused by the pathogen Yersinia pestis. (survivopedia.com)
Bubonic is a serious bacterial infection of the lymphatic system, caused by the bacteria called Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis). (indiatimes.com)
The Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death, is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis . (monkeypoxtracker.net)
Against the assumptions of historians and scientists for over a century and what continues to be inscribed in medical and history texts alike, the Black Death was not the same disease as that rat-based bubonic plague whose agent (Yersinia pestis) was first cultured at Hong Kong in 1894. (historycooperative.org)

Pneumonic plague can be caused in two ways: primary, which results from the inhalation of aerosolized plague bacteria, or secondary, when septicemic plague spreads into lung tissue from the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
The septicemic form occurs when the infection spreads through the bloodstream. (cdc.gov)
When the infection reaches the bloodstream, it causes skin to turn black and die, hence its menacing name. (coastalcourier.com)
"Septicaemic plague occurs when infection spreads through the bloodstream Septicaemic plague may result from flea bites and from direct contact with infective materials through cracks in the skin. (coastalcourier.com)
Septicemic plague can develop when the organism spreads through the bloodstream and affects numerous organs, including the spleen, liver, heart, and lungs. (merckvetmanual.com)
Unless it is treated immediately, the bacteria often spreads throughout the bloodstream and causes septicemic plague, a life-threatening infection of the blood. (awesomeindia.in)
If not treated on time, bubonic plague has a case fatality rate of 30 per cent to 60 per cent, while its septicaemic (circulation in bloodstream) and pneumonic kind can touch 100 per cent fatality. (535548.com)
Septicaemic plague (in bloodstream) can cause tissue death and subsequent blackening of fingers, toes and nose, according to health experts. (535548.com)
Septicemic plague occurs when Y. pestis is directly introduced into the bloodstream through a cut or wound and circulates through the body. (oregonstate.education)
If the growth is not curbed on time, the bacteria an spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream, causing sepsis, or septicemic plague. (indiatimes.com)
Septicemic plague occurs when the infection multiplies in the bloodstream rather than the lymphatic system. (doghealth.com)

Typically, the pneumonic form is caused by spread to the lungs from advanced bubonic plague. (coastalcourier.com)

The pneumonic plague is caused by inhalation of infectious droplets or from "untreated bubonic or septicemic plague" which are spread to the lungs of a person. (covid19clinicaltrial.com)
Pneumonic plague can develop from inhaling infectious droplets or may develop from untreated bubonic or septicemic plague. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

Direct person-to-person transmission does not occur except in the case of pneumonic plague, when respiratory droplets may transfer the infection from the patient to others in close contact. (who.int)
You can also get it by breathing in airborne droplets from people who have the plague infection in their lungs or from infected household pets. (blessedquietness.com)
It can develop from inadequately treated septicemic plague or from infectious respiratory droplets, such as those from a coughing pneumonic plague patient. (merckvetmanual.com)
Rarely, the infection is spread from person to person by inhaling droplets dispersed by coughing or sneezing. (msdmanuals.com)
This can occur through inhalation of aerosolized droplets from an infected individual or when the infection spreads to the lungs from elsewhere in the body in patients with bubonic or septicemic plague. (oregonstate.education)
It either occurs when the infection spreads to the lungs late in one of the other plague disease processes, or when one person or animal with pneumonic plague coughs, releasing infected droplets into the air that another person or animal breathes in. (doghealth.com)

Bubonic plague is not usually transmitted directly from person to person unless there is contact with pus from suppurating buboes. (gov.hk)
In bubonic plague, caused by flea or rodent bites from infected animals, people have a sudden high fever and exquisitely painful swollen glands (called buboes). (drgreene.com)
These infected lymph nodes are called buboes, the typical lesion of bubonic plague. (merckvetmanual.com)
The most famous of these strains was the bubonic plague, so-called because of the round, black buboes formed by the swelling of the victim's lymph nodes. (marxist.com)
2]Jul 6, 2020 · Bubonic plague, the disease's most common form, refers to telltale buboes-painfully swollen lymph nodes-that appear around the groin, armpit, or neck. (dogily.eu)
The best-known symptom of bubonic plague is one or more infected, enlarged, and painful lymph nodes, known as buboes . (infogalactic.com)
Buboes associated with the bubonic plague are commonly found in the armpits, upper femoral, groin and neck region. (infogalactic.com)
The symptoms of the Bubonic Plague include fever, chills, weakness, and the development of swollen and painful lymph nodes, or "buboes. (monkeypoxtracker.net)

in pneumonic plague the infection is in the lungs, in bubonic plague the lymph nodes, and in septicemic plague within the blood. (wikipedia.org)
As the name implies, this infection is characterized by a pneumonia when the virus concentrates in the lungs. (alpharubicon.com)
Acral necrosis of the nose, the lips, and the fingers and residual ecchymoses over both forearms in a patient recovering from bubonic plague that disseminated to the blood and the lungs. (medscape.com)
The pneumonic plague is another serious illness linked with this bacterium - it represents a progressed form of bubonic or septicemic plague that spreads to the lungs. (aboutdarwin.com)
When the infection involves the lungs, the disease is called pneumonic plague. (blessedquietness.com)
If the infection spreads to the lungs, it produces pneumonia that is highly contagious and often, fata. (blessedquietness.com)
Pneumonic plague may also occur if a person with bubonic or septicemic plague is untreated and the bacteria spread to the lungs. (cdc.gov)
Overview of Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection of the small air sacs of the lungs (alveoli) and the tissues around them. (msdmanuals.com)
Then we have the pneumonic plague, which is the infection in the lungs. (cdc.gov)
There are two main forms of a plague - bubonic and pneumonic (when plague advances to the lungs). (535548.com)
Pneumonic plague occurs when Y. pestis causes an infection of the lungs. (oregonstate.education)

The Y. pestis infection most commonly results in bubonic plague, but can also cause septicaemic or pneumonic plagues. (ulmerstudios.com)

There is no inter human transmission of bubonic plague. (coastalcourier.com)
According to WHO, human-to-human transmission of bubonic plague is rare. (535548.com)

A city in northern China - Bayannur in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region - on July 5, 2020, sounded an alert after a suspected case of bubonic plague was reported there. (535548.com)
The Chinese authorities stepped up the precautionary measure after one confirmed case of bubonic plague was reported in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. (indiatimes.com)

If left untreated or if one's immune system cannot fight off the bacterium, bubonic plague can progress into a more severe infection: septicemic plague. (aboutdarwin.com)
Bubonic plague is the most common primary manifestation, with a bubo usually occurring in the groin, axilla, or cervical nodes.The terms the plague or just plague (without the or a) refer to an infectious disease caused by a bacterium spread from rats to humans by means of flea bites. (dogily.eu)
Bubonic plague symptoms appear suddenly a few days after exposure to the bacterium. (infogalactic.com)
As mentioned earlier, Ebola is caused by a virus, while the Bubonic Plague is caused by a bacterium. (monkeypoxtracker.net)

If patients with pneumonic or septicemic plague are not given specific antibiotic therapy, the disease can progress rapidly to death. (cdc.gov)

Bubonic plague symptoms are sudden fever, chills and weakness, followed by swollen painful lymphnodes in the groin and armpits. (alpharubicon.com)
Signs of septicemic plague include severe fever, extreme exhaustion, abdominal pain, and bleeding into skin/unsecured tissues, which can result in anything from bruises to blood-tinged spit. (aboutdarwin.com)
Patients with bubonic plague typically experience a sudden onset of illness characterised by headache, chills, fever, malaise and painful swelling of the affected regional lymph nodes. (gov.hk)
The first symptoms of bubonic plague include the sudden onset of fever with painful swelling of the lymph nodes, called bubos in the areas closest to the flea bite (typically, in the groin, armpit, or neck). (blessedquietness.com)
Cats with bubonic plague usually have fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, and an enlarged lymph node that may be abscessed and draining. (merckvetmanual.com)
Symptoms of septicemic plague include fever, abdominal pain, shock, and possible "bleeding into the skin and other organs. (covid19clinicaltrial.com)
Some of the common symptoms associated with the bubonic plague include vomiting, fever, organ failure, bleeding, and open sores. (awesomeindia.in)
According to WHO, symptoms of bubonic plague include a sudden onset of fever, chills, head and body aches, weakness, vomiting and nausea. (535548.com)
The bubonic plague was the most commonly seen form during the Black Death, with a mortality rate of 30-75% and symptoms including fever of 38 - 41 °C (101-105 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. (dogily.eu)
The modern bubonic plague has a mortality rate of thirty to seventy-five percent and symptoms including fever of 38-41 °C (101-105 °F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. (blogspot.com)
The incubation period for septicemic plague is 1 to 3 days, after which patients develop fever, chills, extreme weakness, abdominal pain, and shock. (oregonstate.education)
Other bubonic plague signs and symptoms may include: sudden onset of fever and chills, headache, fatigue or malaise, muscle aches. (globalvillagespace.com)
Bubonic plague symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, and swollen lymph nodes near the site where the bacteria entered the body. (survivopedia.com)
You might have fever, chills, headache, and a dry cough, which sometimes leads to a serious lung infection. (medicinenet.com)

Travelers to India and other plague-endemic countries are at low risk for infection with Y. pestis. (cdc.gov)
International travelers to a plague-endemic area (areas reported to have an ongoing plague problem) are generally at low risk for infection for Y. pestis. (blessedquietness.com)
Advanced stages of the bubonic form of plague will also lead to direct spread of Y. pestis in the blood. (coastalcourier.com)
when the flea attempts to feed on an uninfected host , Y. pestis from the foregut is regurgitated into the wound, causing infection . (infogalactic.com)
In bubonic plague, Y. pestis is transferred by the bite of infected fleas. (oregonstate.education)

Septicemic plague is the rarest of the three plagues that struck Europe in 1348, the other forms are bubonic and pneumonic plague . (wikipedia.org)
The septicemic plague was the least common of the three plagues that occurred from 1348 to 1350. (wikipedia.org)

Plague in human is a serious disease with a case-fatality ratio of 30% - 60% for the bubonic type, and is always fatal for the pneumonic type when left untreated. (gov.hk)
If left untreated, about half of those with bubonic plague will die. (blessedquietness.com)
Septicemic plague is similar to the Bubonic plague and can arise from it if left untreated. (survivopedia.com)
As per the statistics of the World Health Organisation (WHO), if left untreated bubonic plague can cause death in up to 60 per cent of cases. (indiatimes.com)
If left untreated, the disease can progress to the more severe forms of septicemic and pneumonic plague, which can lead to organ failure and death. (monkeypoxtracker.net)

The pneumonic form may occur following an initial bubonic or septicemic plague infection. (wikipedia.org)
It can be a complication of pneumonic or bubonic plague or it can occur by itself. (cdc.gov)
In the United States, more than 90% of infections occur in rural or semirural areas of southwestern states such as Arizona, California, Colorado, and New Mexico, particularly among campers. (msdmanuals.com)
Septicemic plague symptoms can occur on their own or can be developed from untreated symptoms stemming from the bubonic plague. (covid19clinicaltrial.com)
The greatest number of human plague infections occur in Africa, especially the African island of Madagascar. (augustahealth.com)
Presently, human plague infections continue to occur in rural areas in the western United States, but significantly more cases occur in parts of Africa and Asia. (globalvillagespace.com)
In Septicemic plague, bleeding can occur in the organs as well as the skin. (survivopedia.com)
This can occur from transmission through flea bites or from direct contact with the infection through cracks in the skin. (doghealth.com)
Subsequently, if the introduced pathogens successfully penetrate the host's immune defenses, infection can occur. (insecta-inspecta.com)

A bubo on the upper thigh of a person infected with bubonic plague. (infogalactic.com)
A herdsman in the Chinese region of Inner Mongolia was confirmed to be infected with bubonic plague, health officials said, a reminder of how even as the world battles a pandemic caused by a novel virus, old threats remain. (globalvillagespace.com)

The incubation period of septicemic plague is poorly defined but likely occurs within days of exposure, while the incubation period of pneumonic plague is usually just 1 to 3 days. (cdc.gov)
In mammalian hosts, plague occurs in one of 3 forms: bubonic, septicemic, or pneumonic. (merckvetmanual.com)
Septicemic plague occurs when plague bacteria multiply in the blood. (cdc.gov)
Bubonic plague occurs when the infection is transmitted through a flea bite. (doghealth.com)

Plague is a serious bacterial infection that's transmitted primarily by fleas. (augustahealth.com)
Tularemia - This is another bacterial infection that can be transmitted by ticks, as well as through contaminated air and water. (survivopedia.com)
Two confirmed cases of the plague were reported last week by the Chinese authorities and now a squirrel in Colorado, the United States has also tested positive of this rare but serious bacterial infection. (indiatimes.com)
Your cat can give you this bacterial infection with a scratch, bite, or if she licks an open wound. (medicinenet.com)

Humans have no natural immunity to modern bubonic plague, whereas populations of Western Europe adapted rapidly to the pathogen of the Black Death for at least the first hundred years. (historycooperative.org)

Other forms of human plague are bubonic and pneumonic. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

People exposed to a patient with any form of plague may require antibiotics to prevent infection. (drgreene.com)
Almost 50% of bubonic plague leads to sepsis and death if not treated immediately with antibiotics. (bvsalud.org)
however, antibiotics may be required in invasive infection. (bmj.com)
Moreover, effective antibiotics for the bubonic plague have been developed, which will facilitate treatment and minimize the mortality rate. (awesomeindia.in)
Pneumonic plague needs to be treated with antibiotics within a day after signs and symptoms first appear, or the infection is likely to be fatal. (augustahealth.com)
Bubonic and septicemic forms of plague are quite treatable with a variety of antibiotics, but successful treatment hinges on early diagnosis. (doghealth.com)
This difference in causative agents means that the two diseases are treated differently, with Ebola requiring antiviral medications and the Bubonic Plague requiring antibiotics. (monkeypoxtracker.net)

The mortality rate of pneumonic and septicemic plague is quite high. (bvsalud.org)
The World Health Organization (WHO) claims that the bubonic plague can have a mortality rate of up to 60 percent without proper and timely treatment. (awesomeindia.in)
Septicemic plague is the least common of the three forms, with a mortality rate close to one hundred percent. (blogspot.com)
The average mortality rate for bubonic plague is about 55% if untreated and about 10% with antibiotic treatment. (oregonstate.education)
Septicemic plague can quickly lead to death, with a mortality rate near 100% when it is untreated. (oregonstate.education)

The risk of being bitten by infected fleas is high when plague infection kills large numbers of rodents. (blessedquietness.com)
It is an infection primarily of rodents and their fleas, but without proper treatment it can cause devastating infections in humans and other animals. (drgreene.com)
Bubonic plague , which attacks the lymph nodes and is spread via infected rodents and their fleas, is the least deadly form. (healthyresearch.com)

Figure 20.6 illustrates these various modes of transmission and infection between animals and humans. (oregonstate.education)

Selvin: You're thinking of (usually viral) respiratory infections. (stackexchange.com)
Pneumonic plague progresses rapidly and may cause respiratory failure and shock within two days of infection. (augustahealth.com)
CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)

And while some forms of infection can be treated, the most contagious form is fatal 50% of the time, even with the best medical care. (alpharubicon.com)
This form of infection is almost always fatal. (alpharubicon.com)
Finally, septicaemic plague - caused by the infection of the blood - was much less common, but always fatal. (marxist.com)
How fatal is bubonic plague? (535548.com)
China has diagnosed a case of the fatal Bubonic Plague in Inner Mongolia. (globalvillagespace.com)
Untreated septicemic plague is nearly always fatal. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

Bubonic plague causes swollen lymph nodes. (merckvetmanual.com)

[4] In the bubonic form of plague, the bacteria enter through the skin through a flea bite and travel via the lymphatic vessels to a lymph node , causing it to swell. (infogalactic.com)

Recently, news reports have hit about two more infections with pandemic potential. (healthyresearch.com)
Bubonic Plague Aka Black Death in China: Should the World be Afraid of the Next Pandemic? (awesomeindia.in)
The bubonic plague is the infamous infection that triggered the 'Black Death' pandemic in medieval Europe, killing off nearly one-third of the erstwhile European population. (awesomeindia.in)
Hence, scientists are confident that there is almost no chance of a global pandemic of the bubonic plague. (awesomeindia.in)
In the middle ages, a bubonic plague pandemic, also known as the 'black death', had wiped out more than half of Europe's population. (535548.com)
While it seems that the flu is the most popular purveyors of pandemic in the current rash of realistic apocalypse-in-progress novels, that old standby, the Black Death (Bubonic Plague) still makes its occasional appearance. (blogspot.com)
As the world battles against the coronavirus pandemic, reports of a herder testing positive for bubonic plague in the Chinese region of inner Mongolia has added to healthcare fears across the globe. (globalvillagespace.com)

Bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic are the three types of plague described. (bvsalud.org)

Bacteria can enter the circulatory and lymphatic systems through acute infections or breaches of the skin barrier or mucosa. (oregonstate.education)

Germs from dogs can cause a variety of illnesses, from minor skin infections to serious illnesses. (cdc.gov)
It turns out that the bubonic plague was often the first step of a progressive series of illnesses. (hawkmoonsoap.com)
Because of its bite-based mode of transmission, the bubonic plague is often the first of a progressive series of illnesses. (infogalactic.com)

Both male and female fleas can transmit the infection. (medscape.com)
The rat fleas may then bite people and transmit infection. (msdmanuals.com)
As he notes, "the bubonic and septicaemic forms of plague need a vector organism (most likely an insect) to transmit the infection from one mammal to another. (blogspot.com)
Fleas can even transmit tapeworm infections in pets. (insecta-inspecta.com)

and septicemic plague may result in fulminant gram-negative shock without localized signs of infection (2,6). (cdc.gov)

The bubonic form is most common and results from the bite of an infective flea. (cdc.gov)
Septicemic plague can cause the blood to form small blood clot s through the body. (wikipedia.org)
Bubonic plague is one form that infection can take. (alpharubicon.com)
Another form a plague infection takes is septicemic . (alpharubicon.com)
The most common form of plague is bubonic plague which affects the body's lymph nodes. (blessedquietness.com)
"Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague and is caused by the bite of an infected flea. (coastalcourier.com)
Bubonic plague is the most common form seen in children. (drgreene.com)
And then the third form is the septicemic plague, and you have very sick people, and the disease would cause dysfunction of organs, the tissue may turn black. (cdc.gov)
This plague is what is meant by the Black Death , which was a form of bubonic plague that spread over Europe in the 1300s and killed about a quarter of the population.Nov 22, 2021 · The Moscow Plague. (dogily.eu)
bubonic plague (the most common form, accounting for about 80% of cases), pneumonic plague , and septicemic plague . (oregonstate.education)
The world is still reeling under the pressure of rising coronavirus cases and another threat in the form of Bubonic plague has emerged sending waves of panic among many. (indiatimes.com)
There are an average of 7 human cases per year in the US, mostly in the form of bubonic plague. (doghealth.com)
The most common form is called bubonic plague, named for the tender swelling, or bubo, that develops in a patient's armpit, groin, or neck. (cdc.gov)

It is one of three forms of plague, the other two being septicemic plague and bubonic plague. (wikipedia.org)
Three forms of plague are known: bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. (cdc.gov)
Clinical plague infection manifests itself in three forms depending on the route of infection: bubonic, septicaemic and pneumonic. (who.int)
There are three forms of plague: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic. (vin.com)
So there are three main forms of plague, and they are defined depending on where the infection is. (cdc.gov)
These forms are differentiated by the mode of transmission and the initial site of infection. (oregonstate.education)
The less common forms are pneumonic plague, in which patients develops a severe pneumonia with bloody sputum, and septicemic plague, in which patients lack a localizing symptom but develop low blood pressure and organ failure. (cdc.gov)
Among 78 patients with laboratory-confirmed plague, about 85 percent had bubonic plague, with the reminder split evenly between the pneumonic and septicemic forms of plague. (cdc.gov)
Septicemic plague is one of the three forms of plague. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

It is well know that the bubonic plague is a bite-based infection. (hawkmoonsoap.com)

Most people who receive prompt antibiotic treatment survive bubonic plague. (augustahealth.com)

Bubonic plague, historically also known as Black Death, swept across Europe during the late medieval period in an epidemic that started in 1347 ( 5 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)

Madagascar reportedly sees about 400 cases of the plague every year, mostly of the bubonic strain. (coastalcourier.com)

Rodent control and flea control for pets can also help prevent infection. (drgreene.com)
So maybe I just need to say for that bubonic and septicemic plague they are spread by flea bites or handling infected animals, so they are not really transmitted from human to human. (cdc.gov)
The bubonic plague is when a person is bitten by an infected flea. (covid19clinicaltrial.com)
The septicemic plague is when a person is bitten from an infected flea or when a person becomes infected due to handling an infected animal. (covid19clinicaltrial.com)
Among the most well-known flea-borne diseases is the bubonic plague, infamous for its devastating impact on human history. (insecta-inspecta.com)

The incubation period for bubonic plague is usually 2 to 8 days. (cdc.gov)

Yersinia18

Bloodstream11

Advanced bubonic plague1

Untreated bubonic or septicemic plague2

Droplets6

Buboes8

Lungs11

Cause septicaemic or pneumonic plagues1

Transmission of bubonic plague2

Case of bubonic plague was reported2

Bacterium4

Pneumonic or septicemic plague1

Fever14

Pestis5

Plagues2

Left untreated5

Occur9

Infected with bubonic plague2

Occurs4

Bacterial infection4

Modern bubonic plague1

Human plague1

Antibiotics7

Mortality rate5

Rodents3

Humans1

Respiratory3

Fatal6

Swollen lymph1

Lymph node1

Pandemic7

Types of plague1

Lymphatic1

Illnesses3

Transmit4

Plague may result1

Form13

Forms9

Bite1

Antibiotic treatment1

Medieval1

Cases of the plague1

Flea5

Incubation period1