AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Brugia malayiBrugiaFilariasisBrugia pahangiElephantiasis, FilarialMicrofilariaWuchereria bancroftiCulicidaeFilarioideaAedesCulexDiethylcarbamazineFilaricidesWolbachiaAntigens, HelminthDirofilaria immitisMosquito ControlInsect VectorsAntibodies, HelminthHelminth ProteinsAnophelesGerbillinaeLarvaDipetalonemaDNA, HelminthOchlerotatusAnopheles gambiaeTesticular HydroceleDisease VectorsMurinaeRNA, HelminthOnchocercaAspartate-tRNA LigaseArbovirusesAlbendazoleWuchereriaInsecticidesGenome, HelminthHost-Parasite InteractionsIvermectinPopulation DensityDirofilariasisEntomologyEndemic DiseasesTrans-SplicingWest Nile virusGenes, HelminthWest Nile FeverSymbiosisMolecular Sequence DataRNA, Spliced LeaderRift Valley FeverSeasonsNematodaAnimal StructuresVaccinesCaenorhabditisAnthelminticsRift Valley fever virusInsect ProteinsPhylogenyOviposition
LymphaticWuchereriaAedesMicrofilariaeVectorsElephantiasisParasitesNematodeCulexEndemicInfectiveInfectionBancroftiParasiticIndonesiaMicrofilariaTransmitted by the biteWormsHumansAdenolymphangitisGenesInfectInfectionsPahangiParasite speciesRoundwormsCommonlyMansonellaDiseaseIncludeStudiesTransmissionCommon
Lymphatic45
  • Experimental chemotherapy of lymphatic filariasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is caused by 3 species of filarial nematodes, Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , and B. timori . (cdc.gov)
  • Once widespread in Africa and Asia, and swaths of Latin America and the Pacific, sustained elimination efforts based on mass drug administration have greatly reduced the global prevalence of parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis. (cdc.gov)
  • Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is the drug of choice for lymphatic filariasis, regardless of the causative parasite species. (cdc.gov)
  • Before initiating DEC treatment for lymphatic filariasis, first rule out co-infection with Onchocerca volvulus in at-risk patients (see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 17, Onchocerciasis / River Blindness ). (cdc.gov)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified lymphatic filariasis as a major cause of disability worldwide, with an estimated 40 million individuals affected by the disfiguring features of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Blood - The microfilariae of all species that cause lymphatic filariasis and the microfilariae of Loa loa, Mansonella ozzardi, and Mansonella perstans are detected in blood. (medscape.com)
  • Urine - If lymphatic filariasis is suspected, urine should be examined macroscopically for chyluria and then concentrated to examine for microfilariae. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with asymptomatic microfilaremia in lymphatic filariasis can be treated on an outpatient basis. (medscape.com)
  • Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is commonly used in lymphatic filariasis and acts as both a microfilaricidal and macrofilaricidal agent. (medscape.com)
  • Elephantiasis Massive swelling of the legs also known as lymphatic FILARIASIS, It is caused by obstructed lymph vessels, which prevents drainage of lymph from the surrounding tissue. (hpathy.com)
  • Lymphatic Filariasis: a silent menace lurking beneath the skin. (healthida.com)
  • Join us as we delve into the depths of lymphatic filariasis, shedding light on the strategies for control and elimination that hold the key to a brighter, healthier future. (healthida.com)
  • Let's begin the journey to understanding and defeating lymphatic filariasis. (healthida.com)
  • Lymphatic Filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide. (healthida.com)
  • This article will delve into the epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, and current strategies for controlling and eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis. (healthida.com)
  • Additionally, we will highlight the importance of research and innovation in advancing our understanding and efforts to combat Lymphatic Filariasis. (healthida.com)
  • The epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis focuses on understanding the distribution and determinants of the disease, including its prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. (healthida.com)
  • Understanding the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis is crucial for effective control and elimination strategies. (healthida.com)
  • Epidemiological studies have revealed that lymphatic filariasis is endemic in more than 80 countries, primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. (healthida.com)
  • The highest burden of lymphatic filariasis occurs in countries in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, with certain populations being more vulnerable due to poverty, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to healthcare. (healthida.com)
  • Several crucial indicators help assess the burden of lymphatic filariasis, such as the prevalence rate of infection, the number of microfilaria carriers, and the clinical manifestations of the disease. (healthida.com)
  • By understanding the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis, public health officials can implement targeted interventions and allocate resources effectively, aiming to reduce the burden of this debilitating disease on affected communities. (healthida.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is caused by filarial parasites and is transmitted through mosquito vectors and human hosts. (healthida.com)
  • The larvae then develop into adult worms in the lymphatic system, where they cause chronic inflammation and damage, leading to the clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. (healthida.com)
  • The development of lymphatic filariasis is attributed to filarial parasites, which belong to the nematode family. (healthida.com)
  • The primary species responsible for lymphatic filariasis are Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. (healthida.com)
  • When an infected mosquito bites a person, it transmits the microscopic larvae into the bloodstream, eventually reaching the lymphatic vessels where they mature into adult worms. (healthida.com)
  • The presence of filarial parasites in the lymphatic system triggers inflammatory responses, causing damage and obstruction to the lymphatic vessels, leading to the characteristic symptoms of lymphatic filariasis such as lymphedema, hydrocele, and elephantiasis. (healthida.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis (LF), commonly known as elephantiasis, is a painful and profoundly disfiguring disease. (who.int)
  • In endemic countries, lymphatic filariasis has a major social and economic impact. (who.int)
  • Efforts to control lymphatic filariasis include mosquito control, mass drug administration to reduce transmission and treatment of individual cases. (who.int)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) and other global health bodies have initiated programs aimed at eliminating lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. (who.int)
  • SUMMARY Lymphatic filariasis (LF) represents a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. (who.int)
  • Recent advances in diagnosis and therapy led the World Health Assembly to pass a resolution in 1997 calling for "the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. (who.int)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne by Aedes and Mansonia mosquito species. (who.int)
  • 535 skin through the wound made by the biting cidal) drug treatment combinations (al- mosquito, moult and develop into adult bendazole + DEC or albendazole + iver- worms in the afferent lymphatic vessels, mectin) is safe for community-wide causing severe distortion of the lymphatic control programmes aiming to interrupt system. (who.int)
  • Almost as important, however, is the necessity to The World Health Organization achieve these goals in a cost-effective, so- strategy for lymphatic filariasis cially-responsible manner, ensuring appro- elimination priate health and economic benefits [ 8 ]. (who.int)
  • Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever and a laboratory model for studying lymphatic filariasis, is genetically variable for its capacity to harbor the filarial nematode Brugia malayi. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is a filarial worm infection that is a common cause of permanent disability worldwide. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In 2000 the World Health Organization launched its Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted when an infected mosquito bites a person and deposits larvae of the worm in the skin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Lymphatic filariasis symptoms are caused by adult worms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis, is an infection of the lymph system that can lead to swelling of the legs, arms, and genitalia. (fapesp.br)
  • The number of cases of human African trypanosomiasis has reduced by 90%, and lymphatic filariasis may be eliminated in six countries, according to WHO (2015), which is studying these areas for verification. (rentokil.com)
Wuchereria11
Aedes7
  • Different species of Mansonia and Aedes act as the intermediate hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mosquitoes, such as the Anopheles, Culex, and Aedes species, act as vectors by transmitting the infective larvae during their blood meals from an infected human to a healthy individual. (healthida.com)
  • Exome and transcriptome sequencing of Aedes aegypti identifies a locus that confers resistance to Brugia malayi and alters the immune response. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Dual host infections: enhanced infectivity of eastern equine encephalitis virus to Aedes mosquitoes mediated by Brugia microfilariae. (ajtmh.org)
  • Brugia malayi microfilariae enhance the infectivity of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus to Aedes mosquitoes. (ajtmh.org)
  • Passage of ingested Mansonella ozzardi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) microfilariae through the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). (ajtmh.org)
  • The Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus , for example, is a prolific breeder in man-made environments and a vector for several diseases including dengue, West Nile fever and Japanese encephalitis. (rentokil.com)
Microfilariae5
  • These microfilariae move to peripheral blood stream from where they are picked up by another mosquito. (wikipedia.org)
  • These microfilariae circulate in the bloodstream, allowing them to be taken up by feeding mosquitoes, completing the transmission cycle. (healthida.com)
  • Perhitungan microfilaria rate, didapatkan hasil positif 1.6% dari pemeriksaan apus darah tebal yang berarti pelaksanaan kegiatan POPM filariasis telah menurunkan angka infeksi namun belum mencapai target yang ditentukan/Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease that occurs as a result of the transmission of microfilariae with a mosquito intermediary that sucks blood as vectors. (uki.ac.id)
  • Enhanced arboviral transmission by mosquitoes that concurrently ingested microfilariae. (ajtmh.org)
  • Primers designed to flank the probe sequence of five probes on the BmV2 chip that had three to ten times higher signal intensities in B. malayi microfilariae than in B. pahangi were used for PCRs with B. pahangi and B. malayi genomic DNA as templates and the PCR product was sequenced. (biomedcentral.com)
Vectors4
  • Mosquitos are the intermediate host in which the young larvae develop, and thus they are also the vectors of filariasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infections have, however, been documented in long-term travelers (usually people living many months-years in endemic countries) and in visitors to areas with highly efficient mosquito vectors (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • This parasitic infection is caused by filarial parasites and transmitted through mosquito vectors. (healthida.com)
  • These parasites have complex life cycles that involve both mosquito vectors and human hosts. (healthida.com)
Elephantiasis2
  • In tropical and subtropical areas where elephantiasis is common, the infection is continuing to increase due to the rapid and unplanned growth of cities, which creates numerous breeding sites for the mosquitoes that transmit the disease. (hpathy.com)
  • The study detailed the structural characteristics of the protein deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS), found in Brugia malayi, one of the mosquito-borne parasites that cause elephantiasis, and in Leishmania major, the protozoan that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis. (fapesp.br)
Parasites5
  • Filariasis is a disease group caused by filariae that affects humans and animals (ie, nematode parasites of the family Filariidae). (medscape.com)
  • These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. (who.int)
  • Many mosquito species are naturally polymorphic for their abilities to transmit parasites, a feature which is of great interest for controlling vector-borne disease. (cam.ac.uk)
  • We found evidence for Toll, IMD, and JAK-STAT pathway activity in response to early stages of B. malayi infection when the parasites are beginning to die in the resistant genotype. (cam.ac.uk)
  • We began with these two parasites [ Brugia and Leishmania ], but we want to go on to investigate four more organisms including Plasmodium, which causes malaria,' Katlin Massirer, principal investigator of the INCT, told Agência FAPESP. (fapesp.br)
Nematode1
Culex1
Endemic2
  • One of the regions in Indonesia that is still an endemic area of filariasis is Balangan Regency, South Kalimantan. (uki.ac.id)
  • As one of the endemic areas, in this area, it is mandatory to carry out an activity named mass drug administration (MDA) for filariasis for five consecutive years with the aim of achieving a filariasis-free state. (uki.ac.id)
Infective2
  • The infective larvae called L3 (third stage) larvae are transmitted by an infected mosquito onto the skin of the definitive host. (wikipedia.org)
  • it is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito carrying infective larvae. (hpathy.com)
Infection5
  • Because multiple exposures (bites from infected mosquitoes) over time are usually required for infection, travelers are at low risk for this disease. (cdc.gov)
  • It takes several mosquito bites over many months to cause the infection. (hpathy.com)
  • 90% of worldwide infections, with 9% quitoes transmit the infection from person caused by B. malayi in southeast and east- to person. (who.int)
  • The organisms studied in dual-species transcriptomics experiments are present in different relative abundances and while the read proportions between the two organisms differ by system, most infection models, particularly biologically relevant models, have the total RNA content of the host vastly outnumbering microbe [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The infection is spread when a mosquito bites an infected person, then bites another person. (msdmanuals.com)
Bancrofti2
  • but in New Guinea only W. bancrofti was present, but not the new species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species of Brugia are similar to W. bancrofti and Loa loa. (wikipedia.org)
Parasitic2
  • They are among roundworms that cause the parasitic disease filariasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The disease is caused by parasitic worms known as filariae, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. (healthida.com)
Indonesia2
  • In 1977, a new species B. timori was reported from Flores Island in Indonesia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang masih merupakan daerah endemis filariasis adalah Kabupaten Balangan, Kalimantan Selatan. (uki.ac.id)
Microfilaria1
Transmitted by the bite1
Worms3
  • Humans (for B. malayi and B. timori), and animals (for B. pahangi and B. patei) acts as the definitive hosts in which the adult worms cause filariasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bancroftian filariasis is caused primarily ephantiasis, is a major disease of tropical by adult worms (known as macrofilariae) and subtropical regions worldwide. (who.int)
  • There are many species of filarial worms, but only a few infect. (msdmanuals.com)
Humans1
  • The infestation spread when mosquitoes bite infected humans and pick up the larvae, which are then passed on into the blood stream of the next human by the bite of the infected mosquito. (hpathy.com)
Adenolymphangitis1
Genes3
  • Together, we have found that a single resistance locus leads to a higher immune response in resistant mosquitoes, and we identify genes in this region that may be responsible for this trait. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Advances in transcriptome sequencing allow for simultaneous interrogation of differentially expressed genes from multiple species originating from a single RNA sample, termed dual or multi-species transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For Bm1_34045, the consensus dinucleotides at either ends of the intron, GT at the 5' end and AG at the 3' end, are shown in bold for both the B. pahangi and B. malayi genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Infect1
Infections1
  • Filarial Worm Infections Overview Filarial worm infections are caused by certain roundworms and affect different parts of the body depending on the species of worm. (msdmanuals.com)
Pahangi2
  • He created a new genus Brugia in honour of the original discoverer, thus renaming B. malayi, B. pahangi, and B. patei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequence alignment of five probes against the PCR products of B. pahangi and B. malayi . (biomedcentral.com)
Parasite species1
  • For each sentence, select the parasite species that is most likely being described. (veteriankey.com)
Roundworms4
  • Brugia is a genus for a group of small roundworms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brugia roundworms are small, measuring less than a centimetre. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brugia roundworms complete their life cycle in two different hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • caused by one of three species of roundworms. (msdmanuals.com)
Commonly1
  • Positive results of filariasis by age group were most commonly obtained in the category of 55-64 years with five patients and based on gender, with five patients, men suffered more than women. (uki.ac.id)
Mansonella1
  • Other less common species involved include Mansonella perstans , M. streptocerca, and M. ozzardi . (unboundmedicine.com)
Disease2
  • Life cycle [ Fig 1 ] disease acquired mosquitoes transmitted third stage larvae during a blood meal. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It is one of several vector species being monitored by the VectorNet project of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. (rentokil.com)
Include1
  • As library enrichment methods have improved, dual-species transcriptomics studies expanded to include the study of eukaryote-eukaryote and prokaryote-prokaryote systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies2
  • Dual-species transcriptomics or dual-RNA-seq studies use transcriptomics to assess the transcriptional profiles of multiple organisms originating from the same sample [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, compared to typical transcriptomics studies, dual-species transcriptomics studies are technically challenging due to a difference in the proportion of reads from the major and minor organisms in the system, where major and minor refer to transcript abundance. (biomedcentral.com)
Transmission1
  • Mechanism of transmission of viruses by mosquitoes. (ajtmh.org)
Common1
  • We then crossed resistant and susceptible mosquitoes to place both alleles of the gene into a common genetic background, and used RNA-seq to measure the effect of this locus on gene expression. (cam.ac.uk)