The first example of this was Rhodobacter sphaeroides in 1989, but additional discoveries quickly followed with Brucella melitensis in 1993, Burkholderia cepacia complex in 1994, Rhizobium meliloti in 1995, Bacillus thuringiensis in 1996, and now about 10% of bacterial species are known to have large replicons that are separate from the main chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Brucella melitensis is particularly common in the Mediterranean basin and it has also been reported in Africa, India, and Mexico [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Brucella melitensis was successfully isolated at low concentration (3.4 × 10 3 cfu/g) in the various organs of the urinary tract and at high concentration (2.4 × 10 8 cfu/mL) in the vaginal swabs of all infected goats. (biomedcentral.com)
By using LPSs from bacteria that share some of Brucella LPS structural features, we demonstrated that the core component of B. melitensis wild-type (Bm-wt) LPS accounts for the low activation potential of Brucella LPS in mouse GM-CSF-derived (GM-) DCs. (unav.edu)
Brucella melitensis causes a worldwide zoonosis. (innspub.net)
Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis are gram-negative pathogens of sheep that cause severe economic losses and, although B. ovis is non-zoonotic, B. melitensis is the main cause of human brucellosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Their control and eradication require vaccination, but B. melitensis Rev 1, the only vaccine available, triggers anti-O-PS antibodies that interfere in the S-brucellae serodiagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
B. melitensis cells have a surface smooth (S)-type lipopolysaccharide (LPS) made of a lipid A-core oligosaccharide linked to an N-formylperosamine O-polysaccharide (O-PS) that carries the epitopes relevant in S Brucella serodiagnostic tests [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Brucellosis13
Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by intracellular pathogens of the genus Brucella . (frontiersin.org)
Interest in brucellosis has been increasing because of the growing phenomena of international tourism and migration, in addition to the potential use of Brucella as a biological weapon. (medscape.com)
When humans come in contact with an infected animal or animal products that are contaminated with Brucella, brucellosis may result. (loinc.org)
Bacteria of the genus Brucella are the causative agents of brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis that affects a broad range of mammals, including livestock and humans. (mgc.ac.cn)
The IDEXX Brucellosis Serum X2 Ab Test is an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against Brucella abortus in individual serum and plasma, and pools of up to 10 individual serum or plasma samples of ruminants. (idexx.co.uk)
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative, [alpha]-proteobacterium that causes bovine brucellosis, a prevalent zoonotic disease in many areas of the world. (ecu.edu)
are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that cause brucellosis in humans and animals. (bvsalud.org)
Background: Brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for zoonotic disease brucellosis. (ntu.ac.uk)
These are novel findings that offer insight into understanding the interplay between Brucella and host target cells, which may aid in future identification of a new target for diagnosis and/or vaccine development and prevention of brucellosis. (ntu.ac.uk)
Brucella abortus is a Gram negative intracellular pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease brucellosis. (ecu.edu)
Here, at the National Animal Disease Center, we study infections of livestock with species like brucella abortus, which causes brucellosis in cattle and bison, and E.Coli O157:H7 as shed from the intestinal tracks of cattle. (jove.com)
Brucellosis is a worldwide extended disease caused by gram-negative bacteria of the genus Brucella that has a severe impact on animal and human health [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathogen4
Research carried out with the participation of the University of Navarra has shown how a determinate molecule helps an important pathogen, Brucella abortus, escape destruction within the cells charged with eliminating infectious agents (macrophages). (sciencedaily.com)
During his graduate studies, Aballay developed an interest in bacterial physiology and regulation while studying the intracellular transport of the bacterial pathogen Brucella abortus . (eurekalert.org)
Brucella a bortu s ornithine lipids are dispensable outer membrane components devoid of a marked pathogen-associated molecular pattern. (bio-protocol.org)
Pathogens8
Additionally, Brucella is highly infectious through the aerosol route, thus is considered as one of the most common laboratory-acquired pathogens and is also classified as a category B agent on the biodefense list ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Once within the bloodstream, the organisms quickly become intracellular pathogens contained within circulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages, making use of numerous mechanisms to avoid or suppress bactericidal responses. (medscape.com)
Host-directed antimicrobial drugs with broad-spectrum efficacy against intracellular bacterial pathogens. (harvard.edu)
are facultative intracellular pathogens that have the ability to survive and multiply in professional and nonprofessional phagocytes, and cause abortion in domestic animals and undulant fever in humans. (go.jp)
2002. The Brucella suis genome reveals fundamental similarities between animal and plant pathogens and symbionts. (mgc.ac.cn)
Obligate intracellular pathogens are able to grow, reproduce, and cause disease only within the cells of the host. (msdmanuals.com)
Facultative intracellular pathogens are able to live and reproduce either inside or outside of host cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Brucella suis is a zoonotic illness of feral pigs that additionally impacts pig searching canine, pig hunters, veterinarians and veterinary workers. (tbdb.org)
Brucella suis infections in pigs causes chronic inflammatory lesions in the reproductive organs or orchitis and may affect joints and/or other organs. (loinc.org)
B. suis are gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacilli and can specifically produce in phagocytic cells. (loinc.org)
Brucella suis are differentiated into five strains. (loinc.org)
Description: Brucella Canis (strain ATCC 23365 / NCTC 10854) Probable intracellular septation protein A (BCAN_A1979), recombinant protein. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
Bacteria9
Brucellae are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that can infect many species of animals and man. (hindawi.com)
Targeting intracellular pathogenic bacteria with unnatural proline-rich peptides: coupling antibacterial activity with macrophage penetration. (harvard.edu)
Brucella is a model of an intracellular parasite, a category that includes other important bacteria, such as those of tuberculosis or legionelosis. (sciencedaily.com)
Brucella penetrates the macrophages within membranous vesicles that are not fused with lysosomes (structures containing cellular products necessary to destroy bacteria) as occurs in other micro-organisms. (sciencedaily.com)
Now, Brucella it's a non-motile bacteria that doesn't form spores. (osmosis.org)
Now, Brucella is a very slow growing bacteria, so colonies usually grow in the solid medium after 6 to 8 weeks of incubation. (osmosis.org)
A commercial biotyping system (Taxa Profile™, Merlin Diagnostika) testing the metabolization of various substrates by bacteria was used to determine if a set of phenotypic features will allow the identification of members of the genus Brucella and their differentiation into species and biovars. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on specific and stable reactions a 96-well " Brucella identification and typing" plate (Micronaut™) was designed and re-tested in 113 Brucella isolates and a couple of closely related bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, inhibiting gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and many intracellular organisms. (veteriankey.com)
As an intracellular parasite, the bacterium is able to manipulate the host's immune system and flourishes within the professional and non-professional phagocytic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor of Brucella, a facultative intracellular pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium. (unav.edu)
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium in the family Francisellaceae that causes the acute zoonosis tularaemia.F. tularensis. (cabi.org)
It is a facultative intracellular bacterium that multiplies within macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Coccobacilli3
Brucella organisms, which are small aerobic intracellular coccobacilli, localize in the reproductive organs of host animals, causing abortions and sterility. (medscape.com)
Brucellae are aerobic gram-negative coccobacilli that possess a unique ability to invade both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and to survive in the intracellular environment by finding ways to avoid the immune system. (medscape.com)
Brucella is a gram-negative coccobacilli that can infect humans and animals. (osmosis.org)
Macrophages3
Brucella infects macrophages and evades clearance mechanisms, thus resulting in chronic parasitism. (frontiersin.org)
RNA sequencing was performed in primary human macrophages (Mφ) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) infected with a clinical strain of Brucella spp. (frontiersin.org)
Transformation of znuA mutant with a shuttle vector pBBR1MCS-4 containing znuA gene restored the growth in zinc chelated medium and intracellular replication in HeLa cells and macrophages to a level comparable to that of wild-type strain. (go.jp)
Infection3
Brucella abortus and Pregnancy in Mice: Impact of Chronic Infection on Fertility and the Role of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Colonization. (harvard.edu)
[ 7 ] Surprisingly, infection with Brucella species accounts for as many as 10% of laboratory-acquired infections, 24% of laboratory-acquired bacterial infections, and 11% of occupational-exposure deaths in the United States. (medscape.com)
A common route of Brucella infection is eating or drinking infected dairy products that have not been pasteurized. (loinc.org)
Replication1
Its virulence depends on survival and replication properites in different cell types in which brucella controls the maturation of its vacuole to avoid innate immune responses and to reach its replicative niche associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. (mgc.ac.cn)
Infect1
It is caused by various species of the bacterial genus Brucella , which mainly infect domestic animals, especially goats, sheep, and cows, and use them as natural reservoirs. (frontiersin.org)
Altogether, these results illustrate the immunomodulatory properties of Brucella LPS and the enhanced DC activation ability of the wadC mutation with potential for vaccine development targeting Brucella core LPS structure. (unav.edu)
The isolate was cultured onto Brucella Agar (BBL™, UK) for 4 days at 37 °C and later transferred into Brucella broth (BBL™, UK) and was further incubated at 37 °C for another 4 days in an orbital shaker incubator (YIH-DER LM-510, Taiwan). (biomedcentral.com)
On the bright side, there are now some modern automated blood culture systems called the Bactec systems, which are more effective and can isolate Brucella after only 1 week. (osmosis.org)
2005. Whole-genome analyses of speciation events in pathogenic Brucellae . (mgc.ac.cn)
The gene designated BAB1_1460 in the Brucella abortus 2308 genome sequence is predicted to encode the manganese transporter MntH. (ecu.edu)
A Genome Wide Screen Defines Macrophage Genes Modulating Intracellular Control of Mycobacterium abscessus Following Antibiotic Treatment. (asm.org)
Biochemical1
Using commercially available rapid bacterial identification systems such as the API 20 NE ® (BioMerieux, Nürtingen, Germany) which include a restricted number of biochemical tests Brucella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates1
Due to their typical metabolic profiles a differentiation of Brucella isolates to the species level could be achieved. (biomedcentral.com)
Atypical3
Brucella LPS exhibits a low toxicity and its atypical structure was postulated to delay the host immune response, favouring the establishment of chronic disease. (unav.edu)
The biotyping system developed for the identification of Brucella and differentiation of its species and biovars may replace or at least complement time-consuming tube testing especially in case of atypical strains. (biomedcentral.com)
A biotyping assay useful for Brucella identification and species differentiation must consequently be able to identify the rising number of upcoming new species as well as single atypical strains which do not fit within the pre-existing scheme [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adherence1
Little is known about the molecular basis of Brucella adherence to host cells. (ntu.ac.uk)
Biovar1
Species and biovar classification of brucellae is historically based on natural host preference and phenotypic traits, i.e. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody2
Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the canine brucella test saliva reagents distributed by Genprice. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Brucella Antibody (IgG) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
Two new brucella species, provisionally called B. pinnipediae and B. cetaceae , have been isolated from marine hosts within the past few years. (mgc.ac.cn)
2011. Interactions of the human pathogenic Brucella species with their hosts. (mgc.ac.cn)
Disease1
The survival of Brucella under environmental conditions is a relatively important factor in the transmission of disease. (cabi.org)
Antigenic1
Altering the antigenic structure of S Brucella has been the preferred strategy to develop vaccines that circumvent the interference in S serological tests. (biomedcentral.com)
Strain1
Brucella species and biovars revealed characteristic metabolic profiles and each strain showed an individual pattern. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein2
The ability of Brucella protein Bp26 to bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biolayer interferometry (BLI). (ntu.ac.uk)
Conclusions: Our results highlight the possible role of Bp26 protein in the adhesion process of Brucella to host cells through ECM components. (ntu.ac.uk)
Serum1
The Canine Brucella Test Saliva reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
Metabolic2
The comprehensive testing of metabolic activity allows cluster analysis within the genus Brucella . (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of our study was to develop a miniaturised semi-automated system for the reliable identification of members of the genus Brucella and the differentiation of its species based on comprehensive metabolic activity testing. (biomedcentral.com)
Survive1
It's a strict aerobe, meaning that it needs oxygen to survive, and also, it's facultative intracellular which means it can survive both inside and outside the cell. (osmosis.org)