Brown adipocytes to white adipocytes in obese. Medical search. Frequent questions

The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)
It has been suggested that adipogenesis is regulated by PPARβ/δ followed by PPARγ and C/EBPα promoting differentiation into mature adipocytes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
p0.05, p0.01, p0.001.doi: ten.1371/journal.pone.0079134.gIn order to investigate a possible influence of Abhd15 on mature adipocytes, Abhd15 was trans. (betadesks.com)

Thus, it is thought that BMAT results from preferential MSC differentiation into the adipocyte, rather than osteoblast, lineage in the setting of osteoporosis. (wikipedia.org)
BMAT is thought to result from preferential MSC differentiation into an adipocyte, rather than osteoblast lineage in osteoporosis based on the inverse relationship between bone and BMAT in bone-fragile osteoporotic states. (wikipedia.org)
Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, as an alternative, we produced EXIQON microarray of brown and white primary murine adipocytes (prior to and following differentiation) to yield global profiles of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding the regulation of the pathways that lead to proliferation and differentiation of white and brown pre-adipocytes could be crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Our laboratory is focused on (1) the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fat development in DIO in mice, and (2) to study the effect of dietary on white adipose progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation. (utah.edu)
Apelin expression is increased during adipocyte differentiation stage. (nih.gov)
A-B. Abhd15 mRNA expression is elevated throughout adipocyte differentiation of (A) OP 9 cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), and (B) human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) cells. (betadesks.com)

We found 65 miRNAs regulated during in vitro adipogenesis in primary adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
When comparing primary adipocyte profiles, with those of cell lines reported in the literature, we found a high degree of difference in 'adipogenesis' regulated miRNAs suggesting that the model systems may not be accurately representing adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Equivalent studies in brown adipose tissue (BAT) are lacking.ObjectiveWe aimed to compare CB1 and CB2 receptor expression during WAT and BAT adipogenesis and to investi. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
In this study, we aimed to examine whether TBS can inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipogenesis in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. (biomedcentral.com)

Along with adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity, AD and IR, albeit the underlying molecular mechanisms are uncharacterized. (hhs.gov)
Since BMAT is increased in the setting of obesity and is suppressed by endurance exercise, or vibration, it is likely that BMAT physiology, in the setting of mechanical input/exercise, approximates that of white adipose tissue (WAT). (wikipedia.org)
Encouraging preclinical results suggest that β3-AR agonists could also improve obesity-related metabolic disease by increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis, and insulin sensitivity.METHODS We treated 14 healthy women of diverse ethnicities (27.5 ± 1.1 years of age, BMI of 25.4 ± 1.2 kg/m2) with 100 mg mirabegron (Myrbetriq extended-release tablet, Astellas Pharma) for 4 weeks in an open-label study. (jci.org)
Adipocyte-Specific Deletion of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Protects From Diet-Induced Obesity Through Increased Mitochondrial Uncoupling and Biogenesis. (utah.edu)
Combinatorial gene construct and non-viral delivery for anti-obesity in diet-induced obese mice. (utah.edu)
The present work identifies apelin as a novel adipocyte endocrine secretion and focuses on its potential link with obesity-associated variations of insulin sensitivity status. (nih.gov)
In a recent study, Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) Is Regulated in White and Brown Adipose Tissue by Obesity , researchers demonstrated that a high fat diet downregulates TSPO functioning significantly and the compensatory reaction - obesity - is the survival mechanism. (hormonesmatter.com)
So TSPO changes relative to diet and white and brown fat function could be very interesting when understanding obesity. (hormonesmatter.com)
Brown fat is a vigorous topic of research as obesity continues to burden the United States public health system, and causes considerable distress to individuals across the world. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
The study involved 156 participants, 63 of whom were classed as obese, and 26 of whom had undergone bariatric surgery for obesity - a procedure where the size of the stomach is reduced to limit food intake. (sciencealert.com)
This browning process is crucial in maintaining a healthy weight, and if scientists can figure out more about how it works and how to control it, then it opens up more potential treatments and therapies for obesity. (sciencealert.com)
In the present study, we have investigated the role of Ucp2 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). (bmbreports.org)
Our study suggests that Ucp2 deficiency may prevent diet-induced obesity by regulating adipocyte apoptosis. (bmbreports.org)
We have demonstrated that Ucp2 deletion dysregulates adipose tissue homeostasis under diet-induced obesity (DIO), but does not affect the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). (bmbreports.org)
lion adults are obese and 2.1 bil ion attributed to obesity. (who.int)
This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are overweight or obese, antidiabetic medications that have additional actions to promote weight loss (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] analogs or sodium-glucose-linked transporter-2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors) are suggested, in addition to the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, metformin. (medscape.com)
A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)

Researchers then compared TSPO functioning and other markers of the diet induced obese mice to mice fed a regular diet (13% of calories from fat). (hormonesmatter.com)
Furthermore, treatment with recombinant NRG4-Fc fusion protein promotes beige fat induction in iWAT and improves metabolic health in diet-induced obese mice. (jci.org)
This method was validated using characterized mouse cohorts of a lipodystrophic, dWAT-deficient strain (syndecan-1 KO) and 2 obese models (diet-induced obese mice and genetically obese animals, ob/ob ). (jci.org)

Summary One third of the US population is clinically obese, a condition which increases the risk for chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), heart disease and cancers. (hhs.gov)
In obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who require insulin therapy, at least one of the following is suggested: metformin, pramlintide, or GLP-1 agonists to mitigate associated weight gain due to insulin. (medscape.com)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers, rather than beta-adrenergic blockers, should be considered as first-line therapy for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are obese. (medscape.com)

Knee and hip pain are prevalent among the morbidly obese with about 90% of morbidly obese patients , [2] awaiting bariatric surgery showing some form of pain symptoms. (healthcanal.com)
The CU-led team studied the effects of inhibiting HDAC11 in mice and in human fat tissue that had been removed from obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. (eurekalert.org)

Adipocytes, the key components of the adipose tissue, have unique ability to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, sense systemic energy demands, and secrete factors (lipids, peptides, cytokines, and adipokines) to regulate other metabolic tissues. (frontiersin.org)
The presence of various types of adipocytes (white, brown, and beige) characterized by the number/size of lipid droplets, mitochondrial density, and thermogenic capacity, further highlights how intricate is the communication of these cell-types with other metabolic tissues to sense nutrients. (frontiersin.org)
Notably, recent studies suggest that the accumulation of sphingolipids, namely ceramides and it's metabolites, play essential roles in the development of insulin resistance in tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver and, adipose tissue in obese rodents, and humans ( 6 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
FTO gene was universally expressed in human and mice tissues, including adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
In addition to the classic brown adipocytes, a different type of brown fat cells seems to exist in tissues where WAT predominates. (biomedcentral.com)
In a recent study published by our group showed thatthe prostate weight and epididimal fat of obese mice are significantly greater when compared to lean mice tissues. (fapesp.br)
White fat cells, which make up most of our fat storage tissues, stores lipids in larger volumes. (sciencealert.com)
the MRI technique we describe uses an advanced fat-specific method to measure the thickness of dWAT, together with the total volume of WAT and the relative activation/fat depletion of brown adipose tissues (BAT). (jci.org)
Since skin-embedded adipocytes may provide natural insulation, they provide an important counterpoint to the activation of thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues, whereby these distinct depots are functionally interrelated and require simultaneous assay. (jci.org)
Although less fat stor- adqcKO pose lipid storage in adipocyte-speci﫿c Senp2 knockout mice fed age was shown in Senp2 adipose tissues, the increased with high-fat diets (HFD). (deepdyve.com)
Therefore, adipocyte-speci﫿c remain in adipose tissues. (deepdyve.com)

Activation of IGF-1 receptors and Akt signaling by systemic hyperinsulinemia contributes to cardiac hypertrophy but does not regulate cardiac autophagy in obese diabetic mice. (utah.edu)
Further genome-wide association studies in obese and diabetic Arab populations could add to our understanding of the pathophysiology, prevention and reversal of this disease. (who.int)

Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. (uncg.edu)
Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. (uncg.edu)
The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. (uncg.edu)

Their brown appearance results from high-density vasculature together with high mitochondrial density. (news-medical.net)
Stress Turns on the Heat: Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis and UCP1 by ROS in Adipocytes. (utah.edu)
The brown fat is more mitochondrial dense than white fat. (hormonesmatter.com)
it promotes fat browning, enhances mitochondrial activity, protects the liver, and lowers insulin levels. (cfah.org)

Brown adipocytes contain a large number of mitochondria in their cytoplasm, which express Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), a protein that stimulates the process of non-shivering thermogenesis. (news-medical.net)
Yet, the ²3-adrenoceptor activation in adipose tissue is involved with lipolysis, mobilization of fatty acids in white adipose tissue and with brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. (fapesp.br)
Lentiviral injection of Fgf11 shRNA into the arcuate nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus decreased weight gain and fat mass, increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and improved glucose and insulin intolerances under high-fat diet conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Adipocyte-specific FGF21, which is endocrine FGF subfamily, knockout mice exhibit the inhibition of white adipose tissue browning in adaptive thermogenesis, and central infusion of FGF21 in obese rats increases insulin-induced suppression of hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic expression, which in turn increases energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
Brown fat is packed with mitochondria loaded with UCP-1, the protein that uncouples fat burning with ATP (energy) production instead of converting the energy into heat via thermogenesis, making the mitochondria effectively the furnace of the cell. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
The primary role of white adipose tissue is to store energy in the form of triglycerides, while brown adipose tissue has an abundance of mitochondria, which dissipate chemical energy as heat through a process known as non-shivering thermogenesis, in part through the action of UCP1. (eurekalert.org)

His mother was also obese and had impaired glucose tolerance.On examination he was morbidly obese (body mass index 46.9 Kg/M2) and had axillary acanthosis nigracans. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

We will also explore key adipocyte cellular processes of apoptosis and autophagy/lipophagy, which may affect adipocyte turnover in the WAT of P311 KO mice, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, and thus metabolic deregulation. (hhs.gov)
Some reports have suggested that CLS formation requires adipocyte apoptosis. (bmbreports.org)
Our study also showed that Ucp2 deletion alleviates HFD-induced weight gain and adipose tissue inflammation by blocking adipocyte apoptosis, an event preceding the recruitment of macrophages and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. (bmbreports.org)

Avian species do not have brown adipose tissue (BAT), and lack Uncoupling Protein 1 ( UCP1 ) [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This is potentially leading to adipocyte hypertrophy that in turn causes hyperglycemia due to age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 expression leading to overworked and exhausted adipocytes in P311 KOs or low P311 expressing adipocytes compared to wild types. (hhs.gov)
WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)

In addition, white adipocytes provide insulation and contribute to endocrine function as they secrete hormones. (news-medical.net)
White adipose tissue (WAT) has key metabolic and endocrine functions and plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. (springer.com)

Here we show that Nrg4 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) is highly responsive to chronic cold exposure. (jci.org)

Single intracerebroventricular injection of FGF19 increases glucose disposal rate and ameliorates glucose tolerance in ob/ob mice, which lacks gene responsible for the production of leptin and becomes profoundly obese [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Most of the lipid reserves in the human body are stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) that predominates in adult humans. (biomedcentral.com)
The widely held belief that all body fat is bad is currently being heavily scrutinized, due to the recent discovery of a different type of fat in humans known as brown fat. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
Particularly well developed in humans is white adipose tissue (WAT), a major meta- bolic and secretory organ. (123dok.org)
In adult humans, brown adipose tissue is very scarce and probably not functional. (123dok.org)

2003). Selective Cellular uptake of fatty acids and following storage in the form of disruption of Pparγ2 or adipocyte-speci﫿c Pparγ knockout leads TGs in adipocytes are key steps in lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said that just being overweight, not obese, can result in severe illness and even premature death! (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. (uncg.edu)

Moreover, white adipocytes have a low oxidative rate, which is the rate of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) metabolism. (news-medical.net)
Join us on a journey through the nuances of brown fat's activity, its influence on metabolism, and the potential it holds to transform the landscape of weight loss strategies. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) was recently recognized for its potential to modify whole body metabolism. (jci.org)
In adipocyte Senp2-de﫿ciency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdb1 suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpa genes as well as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. (deepdyve.com)
Adipocytes are not merely an energy storage for times of deprivation, but they also release hormones into the blood, regulating our metabolism as well as feelings of hunger and satiety through the brain and other organs. (swissentrepreneursmagazine.com)

D. Abhd15 mRNA expression is decreased in WAT and BAT of genetically obese mice (ob/ob) compared to wild kind (wt) mice. (betadesks.com)

Expression of FTO was tested in adipocytes from db / db mice and mouse macrophages. (diabetesjournals.org)
As studies are limited, resident macrophages could alter adipocyte function early in adipose tissue development, a novel mechanism requiring exploration. (hhs.gov)
Macrophages surround adipocytes and form a crown-like-structure (CLS). (bmbreports.org)

Visceral abdominal fat (VAT) is a distinct type of WAT that is "proportionally associated with negative metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity", regenerates cortisol, and recently has been tied to decreased bone formation Both types of WAT substantially differ from brown adipose tissue (BAT) as by a group of proteins that help BAT's thermogenic role. (wikipedia.org)
Despite its enriched expression in brown fat, whether NRG4 plays a role in thermogenic response and mediates the metabolic benefits of cold exposure remain unexplored. (jci.org)
The prevailing dogma is that thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to improvements in glucose homeostasis in obesogenic animal models, though much of the evidence supporting this premise is from thermostressed rodents. (diabetesjournals.org)
Another key aspect of adipose tissue is the thermogenic capacity ( 11 - 13 ) of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which means dissipation of excess energy in the form of heat. (bmbreports.org)

Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)

Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1) in the inner membrane of brown-fat mitochondria uncouples electron transport from ATP production, allowing energy dissipation, thus helping to regulate body temperature [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Apelin mRNA levels in isolated adipocytes are close to other cell types present in white adipose tissue or other organs known to express apelin such as kidney, heart, and to a lesser extent brown adipose tissue. (nih.gov)
It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. (uncg.edu)
It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. (uncg.edu)

These induced brown adipocytes in WAT are referred to as Brown in white (brite) or 'beige' adipocytes and differ from conventional BAT in infants. (news-medical.net)
UCP-1-expressing multilocular adipocytes, termed 'beige' or 'brite' (brown-in-white) adipocytes, can also be found interspersed among white adipocytes within SAT under conditions requiring increased heat production (e.g. chronic cold exposure). (springer.com)

To test for this, apelin-55 was applied exogenously to HEK293A cells overexpressing proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 3 (PCSK3), the only apelin processing enzyme identified thus far, and to differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which endogenously express apelin, PCSK3 and other proprotein convertases. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), despite its ability to accumulate lipids, has a role not in storing but in converting fat into heat. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytokines secreted by adipocytes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-6, are implicated in NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)

Herein we discuss and summarizes recent findings that implicate ceramides as a key contributor to adipocyte dysfunction underlying metabolic diseases and how depletion of ceramides can be exploited to improve metabolic health. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocyte dysfunction (AD) is cardinal feature of metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk for developing insulin resistance (IR), DM, and hypertension. (hhs.gov)

Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. (springer.com)
CB1 antagonism may have potential in the metabolic syndrome, with effects mediated through central orexigenic mechanisms and via peripheral action on white adipose tissue (WAT). (endocrine-abstracts.org)

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a key homeostatic role, not only by ensuring efficient energy storage but also by its quick mobilisation (lipids) to ensure peripheral demands. (springer.com)
Over consumption of foods rich in lipids and carbohydrates unchains these events, due to the high amount of lipid accumulation in adipocytes. (scirp.org)

Brown adipocytes are smaller than white adipocytes and contain multitudes of small (multilocular) lipid droplets. (news-medical.net)

Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. (uncg.edu)
Of these, 650 million people are obese, which increases the risk of secondary diseases such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure or cancer. (swissentrepreneursmagazine.com)

In mammals, two types of adipose tissue have been observed: White Adipose Tissue, (WAT), which stores excess energy as triglycerides, and Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), which dissipates stored energy as heat. (news-medical.net)
The major microscopic constituent of white adipocytes is triglycerides, which are stored in a large, single (unilocular) droplet. (news-medical.net)
Correspondence to: Jinke Cheng, E-mail: [email protected] Edited by Feng Liu One major function of adipocytes is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides. (deepdyve.com)

They also contain fewer mitochondria than brown adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
More exciting is that brown fat burns calories at a much higher rate than white fat because it is packed with mitochondria- the "furnaces" of the cell. (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
Even more exciting, brown fat has a mechanism that actually "wastes" calories, so the mitochondria do not slow down burning calories (both fat and glucose) when the cell is full of ATP . (advancedmolecularlabs.com)
Brown fat cells take stores of fat and break them down using their numerous mitochondria, such as when the body is cold and needs warmth. (sciencealert.com)
Its brown color comes from its densely packed mitochondria which work 24/7 to burn calories from your fat stores and the food you eat into pure, natural energy. (exipure.com)

However, Ucp2 deficiency did not affect the browning capacity of iWAT. (bmbreports.org)

The results presented herein demonstrate that apelin is expressed and secreted by both human and mouse adipocytes. (nih.gov)
A direct regulation of apelin expression by insulin is observed in both human and mouse adipocytes and clearly associated with the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and MAPK. (nih.gov)
Recent studies based on a pangenomic approach in human subcu- taneous WAT revealed that a panel of inflammatory molecules was upregulated in obese compared to lean subjects (ref. 12 and references therein). (123dok.org)

BMAT, by its "specific marrow location, and its adipocyte origin from at least LepR+ marrow MSC is separated from non-bone fat storage by larger expression of bone transcription factors", and likely indicates a different fat phenotype. (wikipedia.org)

Prospectives studies have been shown that obese men are more likely to develop LUTS when compared to lean men. (fapesp.br)

Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) originate from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) progenitors that also give rise to osteoblasts, among other cell types. (wikipedia.org)

In light of this discovery, considerable interest has accumulated in assimilating the characteristics of BAT in regions of WAT (browning), particularly in obese adults. (news-medical.net)
Prevalence was lowest in non-Hispanic Asian adults (17.4%) compared with non-Hispanic Black (49.6%), Hispanic (44.8%), and non-Hispanic White (42.2%) adults. (msdmanuals.com)

In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. (uncg.edu)
Adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feed- ing. (deepdyve.com)
adqcKO Mechanistically, adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency caused the downregula- Senp2 mice exhibit an ectopic lipid accumulation and tion of Pparg and Cebpa as well as their downstream target genes insulin resistance related to lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)

These data provide evidence that insulin exerts a direct control on apelin gene expression in adipocytes. (nih.gov)

We were first to show the presence of P311 in WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue. (hhs.gov)

Subcutaneous white fat contain excess energy, indicating a clear evolutionary advantage during times of scarcity. (wikipedia.org)

His father was obese and had type I diabetes mellitus. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms12

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes29

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Mature adipocytes3

Differentiation8

Adipogenesis4

Obesity18

Diet induced3

Type 2 diabet3

Bariatric surgery2

Tissues11

Diabetic2

Primary adipocytes3

Mitochondrial4

Thermogenesis6

Morbidly obese1

Apoptosis3

UCP11

Hypertrophy2

Endocrine2

Inguinal white adipos1

Leptin1

Humans4

PPAR1

Overweight2

Metabolism5

Genetically1

Macrophages3

Thermogenic4

Oxidative2

Dissipation1

MRNA levels3

Brite2

Express apelin1

Accumulate lipids1

Cytokines1

Dysfunction2

Mechanisms2

Lipids2

Multilocular1

Increases2

Triglycerides3

Mitochondria5

Deficiency1

Human3

Phenotype1

Compared to lean1

Originate1

Adults2

Accumulation3

Gene expression1

Beige adipose1

Excess energy1

Diabetes1