Brown adipocytes and brown. Medical search. Frequent questions

abstract = 'BACKGROUND: The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a hallmark of brown adipocytes and pivotal for cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis. (ku.dk)
Contrary to the conventional notion that the role of adipose tissue is to store energy, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known for its capability to utilize energy through thermogenesis when stimulated by cold. (snu.ac.kr)
Moreover, it was found that RBP4 is necessary for the cold-mediated adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis, but much is yet unknown about the role of RBP4 in BAT and thermogenesis. (snu.ac.kr)
In addition to heat produced by shivering muscle, brown adipose tissue produces heat by non-shivering thermogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Brown adipocytes contain a large number of mitochondria in their cytoplasm, which express Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), a protein that stimulates the process of non-shivering thermogenesis. (news-medical.net)
Mutant mice of both sexes exhibit defects in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. (endocrine.org)
Black ginger extract enhanced the thermogenesis effect of brown adipocytes as well as promoted the differentiation of brown adipocyte cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
Prof. Symonds and team carried out both in vitro and in vivo experiments to see the effect of caffeine on brown fat heat generation, or thermogenesis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers compared the effects of drinking a cup of coffee with those of drinking water, and found that "drinking coffee (but not water) stimulated the temperature of the supraclavicular region," which corresponds to the area where brown fat accumulates in humans, and which "is indicative of thermogenesis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis in brown/beige adipocytes in humans and rodents. (bvsalud.org)

WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
Along with adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) is associated with the pathophysiology of obesity, AD and IR, albeit the underlying molecular mechanisms are uncharacterized. (hhs.gov)
This is potentially leading to adipocyte hypertrophy that in turn causes hyperglycemia due to age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 expression leading to overworked and exhausted adipocytes in P311 KOs or low P311 expressing adipocytes compared to wild types. (hhs.gov)
We will also explore key adipocyte cellular processes of apoptosis and autophagy/lipophagy, which may affect adipocyte turnover in the WAT of P311 KO mice, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunction, and thus metabolic deregulation. (hhs.gov)

In the current study, we investigated the effect of a small molecule, sesaminol (SML) on brown fat activity and found that SML induces the thermogenic program in primary white adipocytes as well as chow diet fed mice. (iisc.ac.in)

Browning is the process of increasing the number of brite cells, which helps to increase energy expenditure and reduce obesity. (edu.hk)
UCP-1-expressing multilocular adipocytes, termed 'beige' or 'brite' (brown-in-white) adipocytes, can also be found interspersed among white adipocytes within SAT under conditions requiring increased heat production (e.g. chronic cold exposure). (springer.com)
It remains to be determined whether these deposits are 'classical' brown adipose tissue or beige/brite fat. (wikipedia.org)
These induced brown adipocytes in WAT are referred to as Brown in white (brite) or 'beige' adipocytes and differ from conventional BAT in infants. (news-medical.net)
The emergence in traditional white adipose tissue (WAT) depots of multilocular adipocytes that express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and resemble brown adipocytes, the so called 'brite' adipocytes, could contribute to increased energy expenditure. (edu.sa)
This increased browning capacity was translated into the appearance of UCP1- and CIDE-A (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A)-positive brite adipocytes in retroperitoneal WAT. (edu.sa)

The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)
Bogner-Strauß, JG & Pelzmann, HJ 2013, N-Acetyltransferase 8-like regulates lipid metabolism in brown adipocytes . (elsevierpure.com)

Notoginsenosides can treat obesity by reducing lipid synthesis, inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting white adipose tissue browning, increasing energy consumption, and improving insulin sensitivity. (frontiersin.org)
Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
We found 65 miRNAs regulated during in vitro adipogenesis in primary adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
When comparing primary adipocyte profiles, with those of cell lines reported in the literature, we found a high degree of difference in 'adipogenesis' regulated miRNAs suggesting that the model systems may not be accurately representing adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been suggested that adipogenesis is regulated by PPARβ/δ followed by PPARγ and C/EBPα promoting differentiation into mature adipocytes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß)/activin pathway negatively regulated Ucp1 expression, whereas activation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway indirectly increases Ucp1 expression through the stimulation of brown/beige adipogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

GATA-3-deficient embryonic stem cells exhibit an enhanced capacity to differentiate into adipocytes, and defective GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression is associated with obesity. (nih.gov)
Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
This characteristic phenomenon of brown fat attracts researchers and pharmacological industries to view brown fat as one of the potential therapeutic targets for obesity and associated metabolic disease. (iisc.ac.in)
Consumption of natural and non-toxic herbal extracts that possess the browning effect is an attractive anti-obesity strategy. (edu.hk)
In ex vivo studies, we found that CE increased brown adipocytes markers in the subcutaneous adipocytes isolated from db/db mice and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. (edu.hk)
The therapeutic targeting of brown fat for the treatment of human obesity is an active research field. (wikipedia.org)
Berberine ameliorates obesity by inducing GDF15 secretion by brown adipocytes. (cabi.org)
They found that inhibiting mTORC2 in brown fat can protect against obesity and fatty liver disease. (umassmed.edu)
Background/Objective:White-to-brown adipose tissue remodeling (browning) in response to different stimuli constitutes an active research area for obesity treatment. (edu.sa)
Understanding the regulation of the pathways that lead to proliferation and differentiation of white and brown pre-adipocytes could be crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Whereas medical experts associate white fat with obesity and metabolic disorders such as diabetes , brown fat may help people stay lean and maintain a healthy body weight . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some researchers have suggested that prompting the body to turn white fat into brown fat could be a successful way to fight obesity, and studies have focused on specific pathways that could facilitate this fat burning process. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The potential implications of our results are pretty big, as obesity is a major health concern for society, and we also have a growing diabetes epidemic, and brown fat could potentially be part of the solution. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Brown fat: What is it and can it help reduce obesity? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Scientists are looking at whether increasing brown fat may reduce obesity. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Here, we show that murine GATA-2 and GATA-3 are specifically expressed in white adipocyte precursors and that their down-regulation sets the stage for terminal differentiation. (nih.gov)
Constitutive GATA-2 and GATA-3 expression suppressed adipocyte differentiation and trapped cells at the preadipocyte stage. (nih.gov)
Thus, GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate adipocyte differentiation through molecular control of the preadipocyte-adipocyte transition. (nih.gov)
Thus, as an alternative, we produced EXIQON microarray of brown and white primary murine adipocytes (prior to and following differentiation) to yield global profiles of miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
An essential role for Dicer in adipocyte differentiation. (umassmed.edu)

In particular, SML treatment to mice elevated mitochondrial complex proteins and the rate of oxygen consumption in brown and white fat. (iisc.ac.in)
Mechanistically, SML repressed the myogenic gene program in C2C12 myoblasts and increased all mitochondrial marker genes as appeared in brown adipose cells. (iisc.ac.in)
Their brown appearance results from high-density vasculature together with high mitochondrial density. (news-medical.net)
Together, these findings support that adipocyte-specific mitochondrial dysfunction is sufficient to induce tissue inflammation and can cause systemic glucose abnormalities in male mice. (endocrine.org)

We were first to show the presence of P311 in WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue. (hhs.gov)
The proposed project will test the central hypothesis that age- and genetic ablation-mediated P311 levels play a key role in white, brown and beige adipocyte development, plasticity and function, as well as in metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)
Previous studies using murine brown/beige adipocytes revealed that Ucp1 expression levels are directly increased by forskolin and all-trans retinoic acid (RA). (bvsalud.org)

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report that cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are crucially involved in induction of UCP1 expression in inguinal white adipocytes, but not in classic interscapular brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)
Cold-induced expression of UCP1 in inguinal white adipocytes was repressed in COX2 knockout (KO) mice and by administration of the COX inhibitor indomethacin in wild-type mice. (ku.dk)
Indomethacin repressed beta-adrenergic induction of UCP1 expression in primary inguinal adipocytes. (ku.dk)
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide evidence that induction of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue, but not in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue is dependent on cyclooxygenase activity. (ku.dk)
To investigate the role of RBP4 in BAT, brown adipocyte-specific human RPB4 transgenic mice (UCP1-hRBP4 mice) were generated. (snu.ac.kr)
However, CE did not significantly affect UCP1 expression in the adipocytes isolated from perinephric adipose tissue and epididymal adipose tissue. (edu.hk)
Brown fat metabolizes food into energy by activating the so-called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which exists in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A-83-01 significantly increased the expression of some brown fat signature genes such as Pgc-1α, Cox7a1, and Dio2, with a quantitative but not significant increase in the expression of Ucp1. (bvsalud.org)

The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. (nature.com)

Endogenous Akt2 expression also is upregulated in fully-differentiated C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting that these murine cell lines represent useful in vitro models for studies of Akt2 function. (nih.gov)

Brown adipocytes are smaller than white adipocytes and contain multitudes of small (multilocular) lipid droplets. (news-medical.net)

Progenitors of traditional white fat cells and adrenergically induced brown fat do not have the capacity to activate the Myf5 promoter. (wikipedia.org)
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)

β-Adrenergic signaling is a core regulator of brown adipocyte function stimulating both lipolysis and transcription of thermogenic genes, thereby expanding the capacity for oxidative metabolism. (ku.dk)
We have used pharmacological inhibitors and a direct activator of lipolysis to acutely modulate the activity of lipases, thereby enabling us to uncover lipolysis-dependent signaling pathways downstream of β-adrenergic signaling in cultured brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)
Our results demonstrate that lipolysis generates important metabolic signals that exert profound pleiotropic effects on transcription and function of cultured brown adipocytes. (ku.dk)

While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)

In rodents, obesogenic stimuli such as the intake of hyperlipidic diets can increase brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic capacity and contribute to maintaining body weight. (edu.sa)
The prevailing dogma is that thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to improvements in glucose homeostasis in obesogenic animal models, though much of the evidence supporting this premise is from thermostressed rodents. (diabetesjournals.org)

The presence of brown adipose tissue in adult humans was discovered in 2003 during FDG-PET scans to detect metastatic cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Brown fat in humans in the scientific and popular literature refers to two cell populations defined by both anatomical location and cellular morphology. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists say they have conducted 'the first study in humans to show that something like a cup of coffee can have a direct effect on our brown fat functions. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Adipocyte dysfunction (AD) is cardinal feature of metabolic dysregulation and increases the risk for developing insulin resistance (IR), DM, and hypertension. (hhs.gov)

Administration of SML to high fat diet (HFD) challenged mice decreased weight gain, adiposity and cholesterol levels along with an increase of brown fat gene program in brown and white fat. (iisc.ac.in)
Together, our results demonstrate that SML stimulates brown adipose function and protects mice against diet-induced weight gain. (iisc.ac.in)
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling in adipose tissue is selectively blunted in male mutant mice relative to wild-type littermates, consistent with sex-dependent regulation of its autocrine/paracrine action in adipocytes. (endocrine.org)
The current results indicated that PBMT inhibited FFA generation and release in insulin-resistant adipocytes and reduced plasma FFA levels in diabetic db/db mice and HFD-fed mice. (google.com)
WAT browning and BAT whitening) and its effect on adipocyte function and glycemic control, as P311 KO mice are hyperglycemic. (hhs.gov)
We will develop adipocyte-specific P311 KO conditional mice using novel CRISPR technology to evaluate the adipocyte-specific P311 roles. (hhs.gov)

Adipocytes are key players in maintaining energy homeostasis and are classified into two different categories: white and brown adipocytes. (iisc.ac.in)
While white adipocytes store energy as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, brown adipocytes combust excess chemical energy and release in the form of heat through uncoupled respiration. (iisc.ac.in)
Here, we report the development of a novel OoC that integrates functional mature human white adipocytes. (nature.com)
The platform's capability to maintain long-term viability and functionality of white adipocytes was confirmed by real-time monitoring of fatty acid uptake, by quantification of metabolite release into the effluent media as well as by an intact responsiveness to a therapeutic compound. (nature.com)
Endocrine functions of white adipocytes, and other WAT-resident cells in the stromal vascular fraction, are performed by the release of a variety of adipokines (adipose-associated cytokines) which affect the functioning of the brain, liver, pancreas and immune system 9 . (nature.com)
The treatment also increased brown adipocytes markers and reduced white adipocytes markers in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (edu.hk)
Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) or brown fat makes up the adipose organ together with white adipose tissue (or white fat). (wikipedia.org)
The second develops from white adipocytes that are stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to white adipocytes, which contain a single lipid droplet, brown adipocytes contain numerous smaller droplets and a much higher number of (iron-containing) mitochondria, which gives the tissue its color. (wikipedia.org)
Brown fat also contains more capillaries than white fat. (wikipedia.org)
It has greater variability in lipid droplet size and a greater proportion of lipid droplets to mitochondria than white fat, giving it a light brown appearance. (wikipedia.org)
Both adipocytes and brown adipocyte may be derived from pericytes, the cells which surround the blood vessels that run through white fat tissue. (wikipedia.org)
In mammals, two types of adipose tissue have been observed: White Adipose Tissue, (WAT), which stores excess energy as triglycerides, and Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), which dissipates stored energy as heat. (news-medical.net)
The major microscopic constituent of white adipocytes is triglycerides, which are stored in a large, single (unilocular) droplet. (news-medical.net)
In addition, white adipocytes provide insulation and contribute to endocrine function as they secrete hormones. (news-medical.net)
Moreover, white adipocytes have a low oxidative rate, which is the rate of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) metabolism. (news-medical.net)
Unlike brown fat, another type of fat that scientists call white or yellow fat results from the excessive storage of calories . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dicer is required for the formation of white but not brown adipose tissue. (umassmed.edu)
A featureless reddish brown plaque on the arm of a white female. (medscape.com)

Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)
These studies demonstrate that Akt2 is especially abundant in brown fat and, to a lesser extent, skeletal muscle and liver, tissues which are highly insulin-responsive and play a role in glucose metabolism. (nih.gov)

As studies are limited, resident macrophages could alter adipocyte function early in adipose tissue development, a novel mechanism requiring exploration. (hhs.gov)

Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
PBM-treated hypertrophic cells (1064 nm and 17.6 J/cm2 every day for 7 days following addition of PA) decreased the lipid levels in hypertrophic adipocytes, restored the GLUT4 protein expression and enhanced glucose transport. (google.com)
Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1) in the inner membrane of brown-fat mitochondria uncouples electron transport from ATP production, allowing energy dissipation, thus helping to regulate body temperature [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Photobiomodulation therapy decreases free fatty acid generation and release in adipocytes to ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (google.com)

Moreover, the RBP4 overexpression in brown adipose tissue leads to a moderate improvement in glucose tolerance, and an increase in energy expenditure as well as core body temperature. (snu.ac.kr)

Application of PBM to the recipient site before and after fat transfer improved outcomes in rats at 56 day after fat grafting by means of volume retention, increased neovascularization and adipocyte viability and reduced necrosis, fibrosis and inflammation. (google.com)

Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
These data identify OLR1 as a novel PPARγ target gene in adipocytes. (jci.org)

Alternatively, if immature precursors of BAT are already present in WAT, these can differentiate into mature brown adipocytes. (news-medical.net)

In light of this discovery, considerable interest has accumulated in assimilating the characteristics of BAT in regions of WAT (browning), particularly in obese adults. (news-medical.net)

If the capacity of the adipocyte to store lipids is exceeded, it can no longer regulate the release of FFAs into the circulation, which ultimately leads to the abnormal accumulation of lipid in nonadipose depots. (jci.org)

The current project will thereby establish P311 as a new player in adipocyte biology and metabolic regulation. (hhs.gov)

The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), despite its ability to accumulate lipids, has a role not in storing but in converting fat into heat. (biomedcentral.com)

Hence, the adipocyte, as a major constituent of the mammary tumor stroma ( 3 ), is a likely contributor to tumor growth. (jci.org)

Brown fat cells come from the middle embryo layer, mesoderm, also the source of myocytes (muscle cells), adipocytes, and chondrocytes (cartilage cells). (wikipedia.org)
The classic population of brown fat cells and muscle cells both seem to be derived from the same population of stem cells in the mesoderm, paraxial mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, muscle cells that were cultured with the transcription factor PRDM16 were converted into brown fat cells, and brown fat cells without PRDM16 were converted into muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the classic brown adipocytes, a different type of brown fat cells seems to exist in tissues where WAT predominates. (biomedcentral.com)
First, they exposed fat-storing cells, or adipocytes - that they derived from stem cells - to caffeine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Brown adipocytes are specialized cells that can use energy to produce heat. (medicalxpress.com)

In summary, the metabolic phenotypes of RBP4 overexpression in BAT suggest that RBP4 could be involved in the activation of the brown fat, and further study is required to understand the molecular mechanisms. (snu.ac.kr)
Better understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms regulating adipocyte size, number and depot-dependent expansion has become a focus of interest over recent decades. (springer.com)

This has fuelled the therapeutic interest in the transformation of energy-storing into energy-dissipating adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
Brown fat - which people sometimes refer to as "good" fat - helps the body turn nutrients into energy and generate heat. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
Classification of brown fat refers to two distinct cell populations with similar functions. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy16

Organisms21

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care2

THERMOGENESIS10

Hypertrophy5

Induces1

Brite6

Regulates2

Adipogenesis6

Obesity15

Differentiation5

Mitochondrial4

Beige3

UCP18

Primary adipocytes1

Murine1

Multilocular1

Progenitors2

Lipolysis3

Lipid metabolism1

Thermogenic2

Humans3

Developing insulin resistance1

Mice6

White21

Metabolism2

Adipose tissue development1

Protein3

Ameliorate1

Glucose tolerance1

Inflammation1

Gene3

Differentiate1

Obese1

Regulate1

Regulation1

Fatty1

Lipids1

Constituent1

Cells6

Mechanisms2

Energy2

Cell2