• Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) are neutralizing antibodies which neutralize multiple HIV-1 viral strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • By 2006, researchers had identified a few so-called "broadly neutralizing antibodies" (bNAbs) that worked on multiple HIV strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • They individually probed 30,000 of one woman's antibody-producing B cells and isolated two that were able to stop more than 70% of 162 divergent HIV strains from establishing an infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • They could block about two-thirds of a large panel of HIV strains. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have an active program in understanding the humoral responses to HIV-1 envelope, especially antibodies that can neutralize multiple different strains of HIV, i.e., broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). (gvn.org)
  • Broadly neutralizing antibodies are antibodies capable of neutralizing a wide range of HIV-1 strains to prevent infection. (duke.edu)
  • While most immunogens generate antibodies that neutralize a subset of T-cell-line-adapted strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), none so far have generated a potent, broadly cross-reactive response against primary isolates of the virus. (duke.edu)
  • Thus, there is an urgent need to establish standard panels of HIV-1 reference strains for wide distribution. (duke.edu)
  • The present study demonstrates a decrease in neutralizing antibody and inhibitor efficiencies against cell-associated compared to cell-free HIV-1 transmission among different strains of HIV-1. (biopaqc.com)
  • The CH235 lineage (VH1-46) of CD4bs bnAbs is particularly attractive because the most mature members neutralize 90% of circulating strains, do not possess long HCDR3 regions, and do not contain insertions and deletions that may be difficult to induce. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Bridging Sheet domain of HIV-1 gp120 is highly conserved among the HIV-1 strains and allows HIV-1 binding to host cells via the HIV-1 coreceptors. (unicz.it)
  • In earlier studies, such antibodies have shown the ability to neutralize 90% of HIV strains. (scienceboard.net)
  • HIV/Aids organisations in Africa are hopeful that the latest discovery of a protein that can protect against all HIV strains will lead to a vaccine against the epidemic plaguing the continent. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • The VRC01 antibody, one of the new finds, can attach to and neutralise 90% of the different strains of HIV-1, Nabel said. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • PG9, PG16, PGT121, and PGT145 antibodies were identified from culture media of activated memory B-cells of an infected donor and shown to neutralize many HIV-1 strains. (preprints.org)
  • Importantly, we also analyzed the capacity of sera from ECs to neutralize a panel of HIV strains including transmitted/founder virus. (pasteur.fr)
  • Genetically engineered soluble forms of CD4 powerfully neutralised HIV infection and showed initial promise as potential drugs 8 , although it later became apparent that they performed weakly against the majority of HIV strains in infected people. (nature.com)
  • As AIDS vaccine recipients will not be exposed to strains exactly matching any immunogens due to multiple HIV-1 quasispecies circulating in the human population worldwide, heterologous SHIV challenges are essential for realistic vaccine efficacy testing in primates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another consideration in modeling natural infection in humans is the nature of transmitted HIV-1 strains: most such viruses are relatively difficult to neutralize (tier 2 neutralization phenotype). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical trials using a single bNAb to treat HIV have shown that some viral strains may survive the treatment and lead to a rebound of viruses in the blood. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • This flexibility enables the antibody to dock on diverse strains of the virus and more potently neutralize them. (dukehealth.org)
  • Rare monoclonal antibodies from contaminated topics neutralize HIV strains that are genetically divergent in the autologous trojan [10,12]. (siamtech.net)
  • The sequence of residues 421C433 is conserved in group M HIV-1 strains mainly. (siamtech.net)
  • Although late boosting of RV144 vaccinees expanded a novel pool of neutralizing B cell clonal lineages, we hypothesize that boosts with stably closed trimers would be necessary to elicit antibodies with greater breadth of tier 2 HIV-1 strains. (cornell.edu)
  • Most of these avenues have been disappointing so far, but experts hold out some hope for broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, or bNAbs, that can disable multiple strains of HIV. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • This binding site is conserved, or consistent across HIV strains, enabling VRC01 to neutralize diverse viral isolates in laboratory studies. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • The Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), an international collaboration led by Scripps Research, has received a $129 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to advance next-generation vaccines designed to coax the immune system into producing antibodies capable of disarming numerous strains of HIV. (diwou.com)
  • In multiple animal studies, bnAbs have been shown to provide long-lasting protection against exposure to multiple HIV strains. (diwou.com)
  • Burton and his colleagues opened a new front in HIV vaccine design in 2009 when they discovered two potent antibodies in the blood cells of a woman living with HIV that were capable of neutralizing 70 percent of 162 HIV reference strains representative of the global epidemic. (diwou.com)
  • This raised the possibility of engineering vaccines that could induce a person's immune system to generate such bnAbs, thus providing broad protection against multiple HIV strains. (diwou.com)
  • In 1990, researchers identified the first HIV bNAb, far more powerful than any antibody seen before. (wikipedia.org)
  • The secondary endpoints were changes in anti-PGT121 antibody titers and CD4 + T-cell count, and development of HIV-1 sequence variations associated with PGT121 resistance. (nature.com)
  • These data suggest that further investigation of the potential of antibody-based therapeutic strategies for long-term suppression of HIV is warranted, including in individuals off ART and with low viral load. (nature.com)
  • Several bNAbs have been tested to date in HIV-1-infected individuals, including the CD4-binding, site-specific antibodies VRC01, 3BNC117, VRC07-523LS and N6-LS, the V3-glycan-specific antibody 10-1074 and the V2-apex-specific antibodies PGDM1400 and CAP256-VRC26.25 (refs. (nature.com)
  • PGT121 is a monoclonal antibody isolated in 2011 from an African donor infected with HIV-1 subtype A, whose sera had demonstrated superior neutralization breadth and potency in an observational cohort, and so was considered an 'elite neutralizer' 9 . (nature.com)
  • In this study, we isolated a novel human mAb termed Y498 from a phage display antibody library constructed with the PBMC samples of a CRF07_BC-infected Chinese donor whose sera exhibited broadly neutralizing activity. (oncotarget.com)
  • Monoclonal antibody 2909 belongs to a class of potently neutralizing antibodies that recognize quaternary epitopes on HIV-1. (jzhulab.org)
  • Co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus. (duke.edu)
  • Both antibodies exhibited approach angles to gp120 similar to those of CD4 and a rare, broadly neutralizing CD4BS antibody, b12. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Endogenous antibody responses to mucin 1 in a large multiethnic cohort of patients with breast cancer and healthy controls: Role of immunoglobulin and Fc? (musc.edu)
  • Even though mechanisms by which the humoral response is definitely induced and managed remain elusive, new insight into broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) offers expanded our understanding of the antibody response. (ecolowood.com)
  • Prior to 1990, it was regarded as that antibody-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 in the sponsor was reduced and even abolished. (ecolowood.com)
  • Non-neutralizing antibodies do not neutralize the virus alone but instead bind to virus and Fc receptors to induce Fc-mediated effector mechanisms, such phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement, to prevent infection. (duke.edu)
  • These assays will help determine ideal mixtures of broadly neutralizing Verbascoside antibodies to use for passive preventive antibody administration and further characterize focuses on for the most effective neutralizing antibodies/inhibitors. (biopaqc.com)
  • However, the majority of variants inferred with confidence to be under selection were non-synonymous in nature, and in most cases were have previously been associated with either CTL escape in p24 or neutralising antibody escape in gp41. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD4 T-cell help will be needed to develop the high-affinity neutralizing antibody responses that the researchers aim to induce to protect against HIV. (scienceboard.net)
  • The RV144 HIV-vaccine trial highlighted the importance of envelope-specific non-neutralizing antibody (nNAb) Fc-mediated functions as immune correlates of reduced risk of infection. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • Previous animal and human studies demonstrated reduced HIV-specific antibody binding avidity post-HIV seroconversion with PrEP, which in turn may affect antibody functionality. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • We hypothesized that higher HIV-specific antibody titres and detection reflected corresponding increased antibody-dependent neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis (ADNP) and NK-cell-activated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activities. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • Determination of the structure of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein (Kwong 1998 Nature 393, 648-659), provided a physical map of the primary target of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 and showed how gp120 conformational diversity can prevent antibody-mediated neutralization (Kwong 2002 Nature 420, 678-682) and how N-linked carbohydrates can form an "evolving glycan shield" (Wei 2003 Nature 422, 307-312). (nih.gov)
  • The VRC01 antibody, which we helped to identify in 2010 (Wu 2010 Science 329, 856-861), uses mimicry of the CD4 receptor to neutralize over 90 percent of HIV-1 isolates, though the inability of germline versions of VRC01 to bind to HIV-1 Env and its extraordinary level of somatic hypermutation suggest roadblocks to eliciting similar antibodies (Zhou 2010 Science 329, 811-817). (nih.gov)
  • Importantly, the Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) study (HVTN 704/HPTN 085) showed an IC80 of less than 1 µg/ml was required for protection by antibody VRC01. (nih.gov)
  • A few months ago, the company merged with monoclonal antibody developer BioClonetics, which is developing optimized antibodies for a variety of diseases including HIV and COVID-19. (insiderfinancial.com)
  • Although antibody (Ab)-mediated immunity against HIV-1 has been the focus of intense research, the role of Abs in preventing HIV-1 infection remains to be fully elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several long-acting HIV treatment modalities including injectable, oral, implant, or antibody therapy are currently under different stages of development. (theseoultimes.com)
  • We focused on mutations in a specific region of the antibody called the 'elbow region,' which is required for making the antibodies more flexible and for their function in neutralizing HIV-1 viruses," said senior author S. Munir Alam , Ph.D., director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute Laboratory of Immune Recognition and Biomolecular Interaction Analysis Core. (dukehealth.org)
  • Following HIV-1 infection, serum neutralizing antibody responses against the evolving autologous viral swarm are generated by the vast majority of infected subjects, usually within the first few months of infection [ 1 - 6 ]. (plos.org)
  • Although the vaccine Env AE.A244 gp120 is antigenic for the unmutated common ancestor of V1V2 broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAbs), no plasma bnAb activity was induced. (cornell.edu)
  • A broadly neutralizing antibody modestly delayed the resurgence of viral replication following interruption of antiviral therapy (ART) started during very early infection, but all study participants ultimately experienced viral rebound, according to results presented at the 9th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science (IAS 2017) last month in Paris. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • Trevor Crowell of the US Military HIV Research Program presented findings from a study testing one such antibody, known as VRC01, in people who started ART soon after HIV infection. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • In the second study, also published in Science , Rogier Sanders and John Moore from Weill Medical College and colleagues showed that recombinant HIV envelope glycoprotein 'trimer' complexes can stimulate neutralizing antibody production in rabbits and macaque monkeys. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • It has been suggested that cell-associated disease is more efficient at transmitting HIV-1 and more difficult to neutralize than cell-free disease. (biopaqc.com)
  • While post-boost plasma did not have bnAb activity, the vaccine boosts expanded a pool of envelope CD4 binding site (bs)-reactive memory B cells with long third heavy chain complementarity determining regions (HCDR3) whose germline precursors and affinity matured B cell clonal lineage members neutralized the HIV-1 CRF01 AE tier 2 (difficult to neutralize) primary isolate, CNE8. (cornell.edu)
  • Integrated web resource BNAber, focused on broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies, has recently been introduced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification of autoantigens recognized by the 2F5 and 4E10 broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. (duke.edu)
  • Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) isolated from infected subjects display protective potential in animal models. (plos.org)
  • Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) display protective potentials against experimental animal infection and thus are believed to be a key component of an effective HIV vaccine. (plos.org)
  • However, it is still under study whether bNAbs could prevent HIV infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are currently under development to treat and prevent HIV-1 infection. (nature.com)
  • and monoclonal recombinant antibodies are also currently being pursued for prevention of HIV-1 infection in large Phase IIb clinical trials (NTC02716675 and NCT02568215). (frontiersin.org)
  • Great strides have been made in HIV prevention, treatment and care, since the first case of the viral infection was reported 40 years ago. (theseoultimes.com)
  • It has been 10 years now since it was proved that adherence to antiretroviral based oral PrEP provides robust protection against HIV in all populations and for all routes of infection. (theseoultimes.com)
  • Levels of drugs in their blood suggested that they were taking PrEP at least 4 times a week, which was not enough to prevent HIV infection, but enough for the resistant virus to emerge (as drugs used in PrEP are also used for HIV treatments). (theseoultimes.com)
  • It is thought that EVD survivors are protected against subsequent infection with EBOV and that neutralising antibodies to the viral surface glycoprotein (GP) are potential correlates of protection. (populationhealthsciences.org)
  • The identification of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) able to neutralize a broad spectrum of primary HIV-1 isolates is highly important for understanding the immune response of HIV-1 infection and developing vaccines and therapeutics. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, Y498 is a novel neutralizing human mAb targeting a conformation-dependent CD4bs-based epitope, and its isolation and characterization could provide helpful information for elucidating human immune response to HIV-1 infection and designing effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics. (oncotarget.com)
  • It is believed that the isolation and characterization of such broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from different HIV-1-infected donors are critical for understanding human B cell-mediated immune response to HIV-1 infection and for designing immunogens that can elicit bnAbs by vaccination. (oncotarget.com)
  • Immunoglobulin genes and the acquisition of HIV infection in a randomized trial of recombinant adenovirus HIV vaccine. (musc.edu)
  • My main area of research prior to the Covid-19 pandemic including studying humoral immune responses to infection, especially HIV-1. (gvn.org)
  • We are currently involved in engineering and preclinical development of these monoclonal antibodies with the hope that they can be used to treat and/or prevent HIV-1 infection. (gvn.org)
  • A de novo approach to inferring within-host fitness effects during untreated HIV-1 infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We applied this method to targeted sequence data from the p24 and gp41 regions of HIV-1 collected from 34 patients with long-term untreated HIV-1 infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Further, the bridging sheet domain is a major target to neutralize HIV-1 infection. (unicz.it)
  • In contrast conventional HIV-1 antibodies have been induced by vaccination and correlated with reduced HIV-1 infection in a phase III vaccine trial. (biongenex.com)
  • Although HIV infection induces a vigorous Ab response in nearly all infected individuals only ~1% produce Abs that can neutralize a wide range of HIV subtype Abs (1) and only ~10 to 25% of HIV-infected subjects produce cross-neutralizing Ab responses with moderate breadth and potency. (biongenex.com)
  • He and his team found two of the new antibodies in the blood of an HIV-positive patient who had not become ill despite the infection. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • Infection of the Compact disc4+ T cell by HIV-1 is certainly mediated with the envelope proteins (Env), a trimeric complicated on the virion surface area that includes three copies each of glycoprotein (gp) 120 and gp41. (physiciansontherise.org)
  • In HIV infection, the loss of CD4+ cells prevents the rest of the immune system functioning in a coordinated way, and to this day, CD4 cell counts are used as an indicator of the course of disease. (nature.com)
  • The discovery that HIV docks onto cellular CD4 provided insight on the first step of infection of immune cells by HIV. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, a proportion of T-helper cells are not directly destroyed by HIV but suffer collateral damage during aberrant signalling between cells in the immune system generated by HIV infection. (nature.com)
  • Paradoxically, although the end result of HIV infection, AIDS, is immune suppression, the pathway leading to this eventual collapse involves over-activation of components of the immune system, especially in the gut. (nature.com)
  • The additional importance of CD4 in HIV infection placed the CD4 molecule on centre stage for immunology and AIDS studies. (nature.com)
  • Another important outcome of these studies was the realisation that, while CD4 was necessary for infection, it was not sufficient to let HIV penetrate the cell surface. (nature.com)
  • It was 40 years ago when the first case of HIV infection was diagnosed. (theseoultimes.com)
  • Nonetheless, in cases of chronic inflammation and infection as in HIV, rare antibodies with lipid affinity can emerge 5 - 8 . (elifesciences.org)
  • Conclusions These observations recognize the 421C433 peptide area as a susceptible HIV site to which survivors of an infection can produce effective neutralizing antibodies. (siamtech.net)
  • This means that which the human disease fighting capability can bypass limitations over the adaptive B cell response towards the Compact disc4BS, starting the path to concentrating on the 421C433 area for attaining control of HIV an infection. (siamtech.net)
  • Binding to web host CD4 receptors is normally obligatory for HIV infection of T macrophages and cells. (siamtech.net)
  • The preimmune antibodies might furnish a restricted degree of innate security against an infection, but a couple of simply no reports of neutralizing antibodies towards the 421C433 epitope induced by HIV infection broadly. (siamtech.net)
  • In today's study, we sought out neutralizing IgA towards the 421C433 Compact disc4BS area in three hemophilia A sufferers with extended HIV an infection contracted by transfusion of polluted blood items. (siamtech.net)
  • The present RV397 study, conducted in Thailand, looked at adults who had initiated ART during acute HIV infection. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • June 18, 2015 -- The secret to preventing HIV infection lies within the human immune system, but the more-than-25-year search has so far failed to yield a vaccine capable of training the body to neutralize the ever-changing virus. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • A small number of HIV patients develop broadly neutralizing antibodies naturally, as a result of infection. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • Waning immunity from the bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine or previous infection against Omicron subvariants (eg, BA.2.86, EG.5, FL.1.5.1) that emerged mid-2023 prompted development of a new formulation for 2023-2024. (medscape.com)
  • Y498 cross-reacted with diverse Env antigens and neutralized 30% of 70 tested HIV-1 isolates. (oncotarget.com)
  • however, ~20% of HIV-1-infected individuals do develop antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 isolates. (oncotarget.com)
  • Env clones from 12 R5 primary HIV-1 isolates were selected that were not unusually sensitive or resistant to neutralization and comprised a wide spectrum of genetic, antigenic, and geographic diversity. (duke.edu)
  • protein (GFP)-labeled HIV-1 envelope (Env) variants from transmitted/founder (T/F) or chronic illness isolates. (biopaqc.com)
  • In addition, moderate neutralizing antibodies response was elicited against two HIV-1 clade B and one clade C primary isolates. (unicz.it)
  • A second area in which we and others have made an impact is in understanding how human antibodies can neutralize diverse HIV-1 isolates. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, previously defined monoclonal and polyclonal serum antibodies generally neutralize just a restricted group of group M principal HIV isolates when examined using the organic host cells, individual T cells in principal culture. (siamtech.net)
  • The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120 is a functionally conserved, important target of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is susceptible to multiple lineages of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that are attractive to elicit with vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mapping the regions of the CD4 molecule that the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 recognised showed a common recognition site for HIV-1, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency viruses 6 , indicating an ancient interaction between primate lentiviruses and CD4. (nature.com)
  • We sought to address this phenomenon for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8, and LN01 of unique lineages which all target the semi-concealed membrane-proximal epitope region (MPER) 13 - 16 of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). (elifesciences.org)
  • The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole viral target of bnAbs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. (plos.org)
  • Together, the 3 papers represent an important starting point for developing HIV vaccines that can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies in people,' according to the NIAID release. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • The overall objective of EuroNeut-41 was to design a vaccine that raises antibodies able to prevent HIV cell fusion by blocking the virus fusion protein gp41 in its pre-fusogenic conformation. (europa.eu)
  • Other specific initiatives were conducted such as evaluation of the sublingual route for immunization, investigation of the Principal Immunodominant Domain (PID) of gp41, and direct HIV inhibition with an Ag family which demonstrated in vitro antiviral activities comparable to the antiretroviral drug T20 (Fuzeon). (europa.eu)
  • We use the HIV envelope protein (gp120/gp41) as a model system. (stanford.edu)
  • HIV-1 envelope gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies: hurdles for vaccine development. (duke.edu)
  • Keywords: HIV-1, gp120, gp41, bNAbs, Broadly neutralizing antibodies Intro A distinctive hallmark of modern-day medicine in the last decade has been the increasing use of monoclonal antibodies offering targeted therapeutic effects for a range of disorders. (ecolowood.com)
  • The envelope glycoproteins (Env), gp120 and gp41, of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) play a central role in viral transmission and mediate attachment and incorporation of the virus into target cells through specific interactions with the CD4 receptor and chemokine co-receptors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. (duke.edu)
  • The inclination of HIV-1 to rapidly accumulate mutations to escape sponsor immune reactions represents a major hurdle to the development of effective vaccines. (ecolowood.com)
  • McElrath called the data a first step, adding that heterologous booster vaccines will still be needed to eventually produce VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies. (scienceboard.net)
  • Since pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV-vaccines are being used as a combination prevention strategy in at risk populations, the effects of PrEP on nNAb functions both mucosally and systemically remain undefined. (edctpalumninetwork.org)
  • The Structural Biology Section (SBS) seeks to apply structural biology to the development of effective vaccines - especially a vaccine against HIV-1. (nih.gov)
  • Since their discovery a critical question for HIV vaccine development has been whether to design vaccines that stimulate these exceptional bnAbs. (biongenex.com)
  • However, none of the induced plasma antibodies strongly neutralize HIV-1 (19, 20, 23, 24), either because the trial vaccines do not present the epitope residues in a native conformation or in the presence of the correct molecular environment, or because of the limitation of induction of MPER antibodies by host tolerance mechanisms (25C28). (physiciansontherise.org)
  • Some of the most potent broadly neutralizing antibodies being exploited for HIV vaccines, therapeutics and prevention target the CD4 recognition site on gp120 7 . (nature.com)
  • Interim analyses of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated the XBB.1.5-containing monovalent vaccines elicit potent neutralizing responses against variants of the omicron XBB-lineage (XBB.1.5, XBB.1.6, XBB.2.3.2, EG.5.1, and FL.1.5.1) as well as the recently emerged BA.2.86 variant. (medscape.com)
  • This morning I met with Sweden's Minister for Development Coordination, Minister Per Olsson Fridh, who informed me that Sweden will donate 1 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccines to COVAX. (bvsalud.org)
  • The high content of anti-idiotypes against autoantibodies in IVIG facilitates its ability to neutralize autoantibodies, as is shown in patients with acquired hemophilia due to autoantibodies against factor VIII. (medscape.com)
  • A safe and potent vaccine against HIV-1 could limit the spread of HIV-1 and consequently eradicate the disease. (ecolowood.com)
  • In doing so, we have isolated a new family of broadly neutralizing antibodies that represent the broadest and most potent mAbs against HIV-1 described to date. (gvn.org)
  • A potent class of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targets the envelope glycoprotein's membrane proximal exposed region (MPER) through a proposed mechanism where hypervariable loops embed into lipid bilayers and engage headgroup moieties alongside the epitope. (elifesciences.org)
  • This valuable study reports multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate a class of highly potent antibodies that simultaneously engage with the HIV-1 Envelope trimer and the viral membrane. (elifesciences.org)
  • Induction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies is a high priority for AIDS vaccine development but one that has proven difficult to be achieved. (duke.edu)
  • Induction of broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies is a excessive precedence for AIDS vaccine growth however one which has confirmed troublesome to be achieved. (pharmas-eu.org)
  • A key goal for HIV-1 envelope immunogen design is the induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • citation needed] The following table shows the characteristics of various HIV-1 bNAbs In addition to targeting conserved epitopes, bNAbs are known to have long variable regions on their immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes and subclasses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another design strategy was developed using gammaretroviruses backbone where 2 domains were substituted with HIV epitopes in the N-terminal part of the ectodomain and the membrane proximal external region (MPER) respectively. (europa.eu)
  • The MPER contains the binding epitopes for several broadly neutralizing antibodies, including 2F5, 10E8, and 4E10 (16C18). (physiciansontherise.org)
  • The work provides insights into how broadly neutralizing antibodies associate with lipids proximal to membrane-associated epitopes to drive neutralization. (elifesciences.org)
  • These antibodies were called broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) Dovitinib Dilactic acid [4]. (ecolowood.com)
  • The candidate vaccine products are designed to be administered in multiple stages to induce immune system proteins called broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). (diwou.com)
  • Scientists have thought for some time that multiple immunizations, each tailored to specific stages of the immune response, could be used to generate a special class of HIV-fighting antibodies, so-called broadly neutralizing antibodies. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • In early 1990s, the first-generation human neutralizing antibodies (b12, 2G12, 2F5 and 4E10) were isolated from clade B-infected individuals by phage display and electrofusion or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation-based techniques [ 1 - 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • are binding sites for the HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies FTDCR1B 2F5 broadly, 4E10, and 10E8, producing these binding sites essential goals for HIV-1 vaccine advancement. (physiciansontherise.org)
  • This prefusion intermediate, or a closely related intermediate, is also believed to be the target for fusion-inhibiting peptides (11) as well as the broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 (12). (physiciansontherise.org)
  • Binding studies have shown that the broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10 do not bind with high affinity to either the postfusion six-helix bundle or the prefusion resting state, suggesting that a prefusion intermediate state is the target for these antibodies (12). (physiciansontherise.org)
  • SHIVIG demonstrated binding to HIV Gag, Tat, and Env of different clades and competed with the broadly neutralizing antibodies b12, VRC01, 4E10, and 17b. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All-atom simulations of 4E10, PGZL1, 10E8 and LN01 docked onto HIV-like membranes consistently form phospholipid complexes at key complementarity-determining region loop sites, solidifying that stable and specific lipid interactions anchor bnAbs to membrane surfaces. (elifesciences.org)
  • The majority of infected individuals make "conventional Abs" that have limited breadth and potency in standard neutralization assays (2 3 Many vaccine candidates tested to date produce these conventional Abs but none have yet induced broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). (biongenex.com)
  • Thanks to the untiring efforts of the HIV community, activists, and medical fraternity, 74% (27.5 million) of the 37.7 million people living with HIV are able to access the lifesaving antiretroviral therapy today. (theseoultimes.com)
  • Mothers taking antiretroviral drugs with low plasma viral loads may still transmit HIV to their breastfeeding children. (bmj.com)
  • 1 In women living with HIV, breast milk contains quiescent CD4 cells with high capacity to produce HIV and activated CD4 cells with replicating HIV, despite the presence of suppressive antiretroviral treatment. (bmj.com)
  • Although HIV and infant feeding guidelines previously recommended avoiding breastfeeding or reducing duration, 7 8 9 by 2016 modelling showed that in a setting where the mortality risk associated with avoiding breastfeeding is high, then 24 months of breastfeeding and maternal triple antiretroviral treatment maximises child HIV-free survival. (bmj.com)
  • Maternal antiretroviral treatment or infant prophylaxis during breastfeeding reduces the risk of HIV transmission through breast milk. (bmj.com)
  • 11 12 13 14 Since 2016, all Global Plan priority countries (where 90% of the world's pregnant women with HIV live) recommend lifelong antiretroviral treatment for pregnant and lactating women with HIV. (bmj.com)
  • Viral inhibitors used as microbicides and antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs have been developed to prevent HIV-1 transmission or to treat individuals infected with HIV-1 (19 -21). (biopaqc.com)
  • Combining bNAbs, administered via intravenous infusion every few months, with current antiretroviral therapies (ART) that require daily doses could further improve long-term HIV treatment success," suggested senior author, Assistant Professor Armita Nourmohammad. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • While a lot has been achieved in terms of providing lifesaving antiretroviral treatment to save lives, we still lost 690,000 people living with HIV to AIDS-related illnesses in 2020. (theseoultimes.com)
  • Cabotegravir/ Rilpivirine intramuscular injections can be used by those people living with HIV who are on oral antiretroviral therapy. (theseoultimes.com)
  • BACKGROUND: People with HIV on antiretroviral therapy with good CD4 T cell counts make effective immune responses following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers have explored a wide range of approaches for curing HIV, or more accurately, bringing about periods of long-term remission while off antiretroviral drugs. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • Today, daily medication called antiretroviral therapy can suppress HIV to undetectable levels in the blood and prevent sexual transmission of the virus. (diwou.com)
  • In the 90s, it was found that sera of HIV-1-infected individuals contained antibodies that could recognize and neutralize different subtypes of HIV-1. (ecolowood.com)
  • Chemically synthesized peptides BS3 and BS4 showed a fair degree of antigenicity when tested in ELISA with IgG purified from HIV(+) broadly neutralizing sera while the production of synthetic peptides BS1 and BS2 failed due to their high degree of hydrophobicity. (unicz.it)
  • Just a minority of sera from HIV-infected topics express this capacity, suggesting that creation of broadly neutralizing antibodies towards the conserved HIV epitope is normally immunologically disfavored [13C15]. (siamtech.net)
  • The human being immunodeficiency disease type 1 (HIV-1), which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), was found out over 30 years ago. (ecolowood.com)
  • To time most therapeutic and vaccine candidates for human being immunodeficiency disease type 1 (HIV-1) are evaluated preclinically for effectiveness against cell-free viral difficulties. (biopaqc.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Prevention of the transmission of human being immunodeficiency disease type 1 (HIV-1) remains a prominent goal of HIV study. (biopaqc.com)
  • Neutralization-guided design of HIV-1 envelope trimers with high affinity for the unmutated common ancester of CH235 lineage CD4bs broadly neutralizing antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Remarkably, in HLA-B*57+ ECs the frequency of HIV-Env-specific memory B cells correlated positively with the neutralization breadth suggesting that preservation of HIV-specific memory B cells might contribute to the neutralizing responses in these patients. (pasteur.fr)
  • Intel whitepaper highlights case study on Enzolytics COVID-19 and HIV potential for neutralization of both viruses. (insiderfinancial.com)
  • Immunoadsorption, affinity mutation and chromatography techniques Aripiprazole (D8) indicated that HIV neutralization occurred by IgA identification from the Compact disc4BS. (siamtech.net)
  • Neutralization titers measured by this assay are highly cor- bodies to the S protein neutralize the virus and have been related to those measured by an assay using replication- mapped (11-14). (cdc.gov)
  • We have succeeded in improving the breadth and potency of HIV-1-neutralzing antibodies, so that the best, such as VRC01.23 (Kwon 2021 Mabs 13:1946918) can neutralize ~95% of our 208-strain cross-clade panel with an IC80 of less than 1 µg/ml. (nih.gov)
  • HIV-1 has now been classified into 9 unique subtypes and their recombinant forms [3]. (ecolowood.com)
  • CRF01_AE is a major circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 prevalent in Southeast Asia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We report that the variable domains of recombinant HIV-1 Env immunogens activate a large number of B cell clones that give rise to many non-neutralizing antibodies, and that removing the variable domains from the immunogen reduces the number of activated B cell lineages and leads to the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies, a step towards bNAb-production. (plos.org)
  • Like additional Type 1 fusion proteins, these trimetric constructions undergo receptor- induced conformational changes to increase the exposure of the gp 41 ectodomain for the fusion of viral and cellular membranes ( Fig. 1 ). (ecolowood.com)
  • Rare antibodies acknowledge the native Compact disc4BS conformational condition and neutralize the trojan [13,15] but various other anti-CD4BS antibodies screen little if any neutralizing activity [4,21,22]. (siamtech.net)
  • A third line involves the structure-based engineering of the trimeric spike ectodomain into immunogens with the ability to stimulate the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies. (nih.gov)
  • Using that knowledge, they developed immunogens (molecules that spur an immune reaction in the body) that in animal studies demonstrated the ability to elicit production of anti-HIV bnAbs or their early precursors that target those envelope regions and neutralize the virus. (diwou.com)
  • Despite these forms of HIV prevention, globally 1.8 million people acquired HIV in 2017 (about 1 person every 15 seconds) and nearly 37 million people were living with the virus, underscoring the urgency of developing a vaccine to halt the epidemic. (diwou.com)
  • Recent years have seen an increase in HIV-1 bNAb discovery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our identification of selection at sites associated with resistance to broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) highlights the need to fully understand the role of selection in untreated individuals when designing bNAb based therapies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • For our study, we proposed using a computational approach to predict the effectiveness of bNAb combinations based on the HIV genetics," said Colin LaMont, one of the researchers on the study. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • ART reduces the ability of HIV to multiply and create new variants, limiting the genetic diversity of the viral population and lowering the likelihood for emergence of bNAb escape variants. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • This modeling enabled them to learn of the additional roadblock to HIV bnAb development. (dukehealth.org)
  • abstract = "The site on HIV-1 gp120 that binds to the CD4 receptor is vulnerable to antibodies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antiviral activity in viremic HIV-infected adults not on ART. (nature.com)
  • In the absence of effective antiviral therapy, HIV-1 evolves in response to the within-host environment, of which the immune system is an important aspect. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Transplanting stem cells from umbilical cord blood has potentially cured a mixed-race woman of HIV and freed her from taking antiviral medication, according. (scienceboard.net)
  • The discovery of bNAbs has led to an important area of research, namely, discovery of a vaccine, not only limited to HIV, but also other rapidly mutating viruses like influenza. (wikipedia.org)
  • While there was very little information on BioClonetics at the time, investors now know that the company truly is using AI to develop additional monoclonal antibodies against common binding sites on deadly viruses such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2. (insiderfinancial.com)
  • We assessed whether polyclonal IgG, isolated from rhesus monkeys (RMs) with high-titer nAbs (termed SHIVIG), could protect RMs against the R5-tropic tier-2 SHIV-2873Nip, which was heterologous to the viruses or HIV-1 envelopes that had elicited SHIVIG. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SHIVIG neutralized tier 1 and tier 2 viruses, including SHIV-2873Nip. (biomedcentral.com)
  • bNAbs offer a promising new tool to treat or potentially cure infections with rapidly evolving viruses such as HIV. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • The researchers used high-throughput sequencing to analyse the genetics of HIV viruses collected over 10 years from 11 untreated patients with HIV. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env clones from acute and early subtype B infections for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies. (duke.edu)
  • To facilitate this, full-length gp160 genes were cloned from acute and early subtype B infections and characterized for use as reference reagents to assess neutralizing antibodies against clade B HIV-1. (duke.edu)
  • DURHAM, N.C. - In the quest to develop an effective HIV vaccine, researchers have focused attention on identifying and targeting the region of the virus's outer envelope where a lineage of antibodies are able to dock and neutralize the virus. (dukehealth.org)
  • We found that the selection of key elbow mutations and the flexibility trait is a required step in the early stage of maturation of a broadly neutralizing lineage," Alam said. (dukehealth.org)
  • Rapid spread of a new West Nile virus lineage 1 associated with increased risk of neuroinvasive disease during a large outbreak in northern Italy, 2022: One Health analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • While speaking with the journalists around IAS 2021, Prof. Linda Gail Bekker, who is the Director of Desmund Tutu HIV Centre at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, and former President of the International AIDS Society (IAS), said that humanity comes in many shapes and forms, and so should HIV prevention options. (theseoultimes.com)
  • This article, the first in the series of a trilogy by CNS head and IAS HIV Science 2021 Media Fellowship Awardee Shobha Shukla, showcases an array of prevention options that are either already at our disposal or are in various stages of development. (theseoultimes.com)
  • This article, second in the series of an exclusive trilogy by CNS head and IAS HIV Science 2021 Media Fellowship Awardee Shobha Shukla, showcases some recent scientific advances made in the new drug pipeline for HIV treatment, that were discussed during IAS 2021. (theseoultimes.com)
  • Those who failed either had some underlying resistance to Rilpivirine at baseline, or had low levels of Rilpivirine at 8 weeks, or had any of the two HIV subtypes (A6/A1). (theseoultimes.com)
  • Finally, a study by Pia Dosenovic and Michel Nussenzweig from the Rockefeller University and colleagues, published in the June 2015 issue of Cell , showed that a 2-step sequential vaccine approach -- using the proteins described in the Science reports -- may be able to stimulate production and maturation of broadly neutralizing antibodies that could effectively target HIV. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • VRC01 targets the CD4 binding site on the HIV envelope, preventing the virus from latching on to susceptible T-cells. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • Findings from a previous small non-randomized study (ACTG A5340) presented last year showed that VRC01 modestly delayed HIV rebound in people who had maintained viral suppression for more than 6 months on an ART regimen containing an HIV protease inhibitor or integrase inhibitor before interrupting therapy. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • Participants were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive VRC01 at a dose of 40 mcg/kg or a placebo every 3 weeks. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • Crowell said that viral rebound was associated with a small but significant rise in total HIV DNA in the placebo group, but not in the VRC01 group. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • The most promising Ags were submitted to a more in-depth biophysical investigation of their structure and conformation stability, and for their capacity to interact with neutralising antibodies (Abs) and peptides. (europa.eu)
  • During the past decade we have been characterizing the antibodies in the serum of rare HIV-infected persons who have bNAbs. (gvn.org)
  • Patient serum samples were heat inactivated at 56°C for Health Organization criteria for having a probable case of 30 min and serially diluted from 1:10 in culture medium. (cdc.gov)
  • Indeed HIV-1 patients who develop bNAbs have been shown to have high germinal center activity as exhibited by their comparatively higher levels of plasma CXCL13, which is a biomarker of germinal center activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • This incompatibility, the consequence of slight differences in CD4BS recognition, renders HIV-1 resistant to all but the most accurately targeted antibodies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We evaluated the suitability of EBOV GP pseudotyped human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to measure the neutralising ability of plasma from EVD survivors, when compared to results from a live EBOV neutralisation assay. (populationhealthsciences.org)
  • The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has the ability to evade the adaptive immune response due to high mutation rates. (ecolowood.com)
  • May 26, 2023 -- An HIV nanoparticle vaccine has induced strong T-cell responses in a first-in-human clinical trial, marking a step toward the development of a product that protects against the virus. (scienceboard.net)
  • The vaccine is a self-assembling, germline-targeting HIV nanoparticle designed to prime a type of B cells that produce precursors to broadly neutralizing antibodies that target a protein on the surface of the virus. (scienceboard.net)
  • This is particularly challenging in the case of HIV because the virus mutates rapidly leading to many viral subgroups. (biongenex.com)
  • There are two main types of the virus: HIV-1 and HIV-2, with the former being the most prevalent in Africa. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • With another experimental technique, they managed to freeze one of the antibodies as it attached to and was about to neutralise the virus. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • This complicated is certainly a macromolecular machine in charge of host-cell recognition accompanied by fusion from the viral and Compact disc4+ T-cell membranes, resulting in virus entrance (1). (physiciansontherise.org)
  • the antibodies inhibited of cell-cell fusion and blocked the entry of a reporter virus or 'pseudotype' bearing the outer envelope of HIV. (nature.com)
  • Our primate model data suggest a dual role for polyclonal anti-HIV-1 Abs depending on plasma levels upon virus encounter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this regard, a biologically relevant non-human primate model, in which macaques are passively immunized with Abs against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) followed by repeated mucosal challenges with a heterologous R5 SHIV at low doses, may mimic key aspects of HIV-1 transmission among humans and thus play an important role in dissecting the mechanism(s) of Ab action in HIV-1 transmission and its prevention [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early passive immunization studies in primates were performed with single high-dose, intravenous virus challenges rather than low-dose mucosal virus exposures that more closely resemble sexual HIV-1 transmission among humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A new computer-based approach could help clinicians select the best combinations of broadly neutralising antibodies to treat HIV based on the virus' genetics, while minimising the risk of the virus escaping treatment. (drugtargetreview.com)
  • HIV: There is no known cure for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). (theseoultimes.com)
  • HIV virus destroys important cells that fight disease, thus weakening immune system. (theseoultimes.com)
  • Influenza virus continues to be a major public health concern, causing both annual epidemics and occasional pandemics ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • HIV is a pernicious virus precisely because its continual mutations make it a difficult target for antibodies, immune proteins that recognize foreign molecules called antigens. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • This part of the virus can't change because without it, HIV would not be able to attach to and infect the T cells. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • As a result, it is a key part of the antigen targeted by some broadly neutralizing antibodies, which overcome attempts by the virus to protect this vulnerable site. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • And the groups who named the virus decided to do something like "HIV" and "AIDS. (cdc.gov)
  • The CHAVD aims to develop an effective HIV-1 vaccine that can elicit protective antibodies by identifying strategies to induce HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) and protective HIV-1 non-neutralizing antibodies (NNAbs). (duke.edu)
  • These preliminary data validate the peptide mimotope approach as a promising tool to obtain an effective HIV-1 vaccine. (unicz.it)
  • The initial answer turned out to be simple: both Klatzmann 3 and my colleagues 4 found that HIV docks onto the same cell surface antigen, CD4, that haematologists use to recognize this type of cell. (nature.com)
  • In parallel, a questionnaire was submitted to a population of women in Haiti to assess their willingness to participate in a future HIV vaccine trial. (europa.eu)
  • Boosting of HIV envelope CD4 binding site antibodies with long variable heavy third complementarity determining region in the randomized double blind RV305 HIV-1 vaccine trial. (cornell.edu)
  • The canary pox vector and gp120 vaccine (ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120) in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial conferred an estimated 31% vaccine efficacy. (cornell.edu)
  • A minority of preimmune antibodies created without contact with HIV bind the 421C433 epitope of gp120 [23C25] and check out catalyze the hydrolysis of gp120 [26,27]. (siamtech.net)
  • In some patients, this process produces broadly neutralizing antibodies, which are unusual antibodies that can bind to and neutralize a wide range of globally occurring HIV variants. (hivandhepatitis.com)
  • A major goal of HIV vaccine design is to elicit a protective immune response mediated primarily by antibodies (Abs). (biongenex.com)
  • In this study, in ECs either positive or negative for the HLA-B*57 protective allele, in treated HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals, we characterized memory B cell compartments and HIV-specific memory B cells responses using flow cytometry and ELISPOT. (pasteur.fr)
  • HIV and AIDS are top priorities at the IHV as our scientists seek to better understand how to treat and prevent viral diseases. (gvn.org)
  • The newest discoveries in the fight against chronic viral diseases associated with AIDS, HIV and cancers are available at the IHV's Clinical Center. (gvn.org)
  • Intro The ability to block human immunodeficiency disease type 1 (HIV-1) transmission remains an elusive goal of AIDS study. (biopaqc.com)
  • HIV/Aids is the leading cause of death in Africa. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • Dr Ayaaz Moosa from Mpilwende HIV/Aids Organisation in Esikhawini, KwaZulu-Natal province , said the discovery gave them hope. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • KwaZulu-Natal has the highest HIV/Aids prevalence rate in South Africa. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • Olga Gathuya works for a women's HIV/Aids organisation in Nairobi, Kenya. (brandsouthafrica.com)
  • The company has been developing an HIV therapeutic for advanced AIDS to restore immune function, essentially helping reverse AIDS. (insiderfinancial.com)
  • One author implied that ENZC never worked with IMMB BG, which ENZC currently claims they own 49% of , and that author listed doubts as to whether these ENZC HIV/AIDS therapeutic (ITV-1) trials were ever completed at all, as claimed by the company. (insiderfinancial.com)
  • In 1981, Michael Gottlieb and colleagues published the first detailed analysis of the immune defects of AIDS patients 1 , pinpointing the disappearance of a particular type of immune cell, the T-helper lymphocyte, from the blood and lymph glands. (nature.com)
  • Soon after the initial isolation of HIV, David Klatzmann and colleagues in Paris showed that HIV selectively grows in - and destroys - CD4+ cells in culture, thereby mimicking the loss of CD4+ cells seen in AIDS patient 2 . (nature.com)
  • The explanation of how HIV causes AIDS is, of course, more complex 5 . (nature.com)
  • To pursue this and other novel concepts in HIV vaccine research, the Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID) was formed in 2012 with a $77 million grant from NIAID. (diwou.com)
  • While nearly 1 million people have accessed the PrEP prevention option globally, the oral daily or on-demand PrEP is not feasible for everyone. (theseoultimes.com)
  • These results highlight the potential of this HIV-1 nanoparticle vaccine approach to induce the critical T-cell help needed for maturing antibodies toward the pathway of broadly neutralizing against HIV," McElrath said. (scienceboard.net)
  • IgG and Fc?R genotypes and humoral immunity to mucin 1 in prostate cancer. (musc.edu)
  • One area in which we and others have already made an impact is in understanding how HIV-1 is able to evade the humoral immune system. (nih.gov)
  • These and other studies - including the determination of the crystal structure of the entire spike ectodomain (Pancera 2014 Nature 514, 455-461) and the determination of the crystal structure of fully glycosylated envelope trimers (Stewart-Jones 2016 Cell 165, 813-826) - have led to an understanding of the molecular trickery that protects HIV-1 from the humoral immune response. (nih.gov)
  • Inducing broad neutralizing antibodies is a prime goal of HIV vaccine development. (duke.edu)
  • Some of our studies are aimed at creating an HIV vaccine that elicits antibodies against a transient, but vulnerable, intermediate in the membrane-fusion process, called the pre-hairpin intermediate. (stanford.edu)
  • Deliberations at the recently concluded 11th International IAS Conference on HIV Science (#IAS2021) show important progress in HIV prevention, treatment, and cure efforts despite major disruption to HIV programmes and research during the COVID-19 pandemic. (theseoultimes.com)
  • 1. Gottlieb, M.S., Schroff R., Schanker J.D., Weisman J.D., Fan P.T., Wolf R.A. & Saxon A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: Evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. (nature.com)
  • HIV-1-uninfected RV144 vaccine recipients were reimmunized 6-8 years later with AIDSVAX B/E gp120 alone, ALVAC-HIV alone, or a combination of ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAX B/E gp120 in the RV305 trial. (cornell.edu)
  • We studied the evolution of glycan-reactive B cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated HIV-1 envelope (Env) as a model antigen. (duke.edu)
  • As compared with antibodies against other pathogens, such as flu, these broadly neutralizing antibodies are distinctive, in part because they have undergone a great deal of mutation. (hivandhepatitis.com)