Filter...

AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureNamed GroupsHealth Care

Select a category...

Enterohepatic CirculationBile Acids and SaltsMilk, HumanBileCholic AcidsChenodeoxycholic AcidCholic AcidCholestyramine ResinTaurocholic AcidDigitoxinGallbladderCholesterol 7-alpha-HydroxylaseBreastOrganic Anion Transporters, Sodium-DependentIntestinal AbsorptionBiliary FistulaBreast FeedingIleumLiverCholecystectomyDeoxycholic AcidCholesterolGlucuronidesIntestinesFecesBile DuctsCholelithiasisLiver CirculationAdministration, OralHelicobacterSymportersChromatography, Thin LayerDuodenumInjections, IntravenousBiotransformationMilk ProteinsLactationIntestine, SmallCarcinoma, Ductal, BreastTritiumChromatography, High Pressure LiquidBreast Milk ExpressionInfant FoodBreast DiseasesMetabolic Clearance RatePhospholipidsHelicobacter hepaticusInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaCarbon IsotopesInfant FormulaCarbon RadioisotopesTime FactorsBlood CirculationReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearInfant, NewbornInfectious Disease Transmission, VerticalMastitisBiological TransportModels, BiologicalKineticsBottle FeedingRats, Inbred StrainsPregnancy

BilirubinJaundiceUndergoesIntestinalSystemic circulationLiverPostmenopausal WomenEstrogenBileDecreasePast History of Breast CancerCancerRatioProductionHighLevelsImproveReabsorptionMetabolismPasses into breast milkHyperbilirubinemiaBreastfeedingLiverIntakeInfantsBodyDisordersBloodDrugFoundIncreaseEffects

Bilirubin7

• In breast milk jaundice, the bilirubin may increase to levels as high as 20 mg/dL, necessitating the need for phototherapy and the discontinuation of breastfeeding. (medscape.com)
• This leads to increased enterohepatic circulation, resulting in increased reabsorption of bilirubin from the intestines. (wikipedia.org)
• Whereas breastfeeding jaundice is a mechanical problem, breast milk jaundice is a biochemical occurrence and the higher bilirubin possibly acts as an antioxidant. (wikipedia.org)
• Breast milk jaundice occurs later in the newborn period, with the bilirubin level usually peaking in the sixth to 14th days of life. (wikipedia.org)
• It has been suggested that bilirubin uptake in the gut (enterohepatic circulation) is increased in breast fed babies, possibly as the result of increased levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
• Maisels MJ, Gifford K. Normal serum bilirubin levels in the newborn and the effect of breast- feeding. (medscape.com)
• Albumin delivers the bilirubin into the hepatocytes and goes back to blood circulation. (labpedia.net)

Jaundice2

• For breast milk jaundice and other types of nonphysiologic jaundice, phototherapy can be used. (medscape.com)
• Kumral A, Ozkan H, Duman N, Yesilirmak DC, Islekel H, Ozalp Y. Breast milk jaundice correlates with high levels of epidermal growth factor. (medscape.com)

Undergoes2

• Colchicine is primarily metabolized by the liver, undergoes significant enterohepatic re-circulation, and is also excreted by the kidneys. (covid19criticalcare.com)
• A small proportion of orally administered drug undergoes bacterial degradation with each cycle of enterohepatic circulation. (nih.gov)

Intestinal1

• The enterohepatic cycling of some drugs is dependent on intestinal bacteria that hydrolyze drug conjugates excreted by the bile and thereby enable the more lipid-soluble parent compound to be reabsorbed into the circulation. (spiritsong.org)

Systemic circulation2

• Only small quantities of ursodiol appear in the systemic circulation and very small amounts are excreted into urine. (nih.gov)
• Following the administration of oral morphine solution, approximately 50% of the morphine absorbed reaches the systemic circulation within 30 minutes compared to 8 hours with an equal amount of KADIAN. (clustermed.info)

Liver2

• Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its regulated target networks in both the liver and the intestines are critical in suppressing BA synthesis and promoting BA transport and enterohepatic circulation. (aspetjournals.org)
• It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. (pharmfair.com)

Postmenopausal Women5

• Postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer receiving nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. (harborcompounding.com)
• 50 postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors received a 12-week course of low dose estriol 0.005% In a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for evaluation of vaginal maturation, vaginal pH, and vulvovaginal atrophy. (harborcompounding.com)
• Tamoxifen is used as the primary hormonal therapy for metastatic estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer in both men and postmenopausal women. (medilabcompounding.com)
• In the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial, comparing tamoxifen or anastrozole to the combination of anastrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer, the combination therapy arm was discontinued early as an efficacy benefit over tamoxifen therapy alone was not demonstrated. (medilabcompounding.com)
• Similar findings have been found with the other aromatase inhibitors (i.e., exemestane and letrozole) when compared to tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. (medilabcompounding.com)

Estrogen1

• Use of exogenous estrogen is contraindicated in women with a known or suspected history of breast cancer. (harborcompounding.com)

Bile1

• The conjugated hormone, in the form of glucuronide or sulfate, is found in the bile and gut where it may complete an enterohepatic circulation. (neotypestation.com)

Decrease2

• Estriol is excreted in breast milk and may decrease milk production. (harborcompounding.com)
• Tamoxifen has been shown to decrease the incidence of ER-positive breast cancer in women who are at high risk for developing the disease. (medilabcompounding.com)

Past History of Breast Cancer1

• Current or Past History of Breast Cancer. (harborcompounding.com)

Cancer6

• Recent trials indicate benefits for vaginal atrophy in hormone receptor positive breast cancer undergoing aromatase inhibitor therapy. (harborcompounding.com)
• Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence and death in women of all age groups. (medilabcompounding.com)
• initial results indicate that raloxifene reduces the risk of breast cancer by a similar rate. (medilabcompounding.com)
• The MedGuide discusses ONLY the use of tamoxifen to lower the chance of getting breast cancer in high-risk women and in women treated for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), situations in which the risks and benefits of the medicine should be carefully considered. (medilabcompounding.com)
• Tamoxifen decreases insulin-like growth factor type 1, a factor that stimulates cancer cell growth and development and induces the secretion of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) which is associated with inhibiting the activity of breast cancer cells. (medilabcompounding.com)
• In addition, tamoxifen induces the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene maspin in breast cancer tissue. (medilabcompounding.com)

Ratio1

• The ratio of these two hormones in the circulation does not represent the ratio in the thyroid gland, since about 80 percent of peripheral triiodothyronine comes from monodeiodination of levothyroxine. (neotypestation.com)

Production1

• Usually occurring in the first week of life, most cases can be ameliorated by frequent breastfeeding sessions of sufficient duration to stimulate adequate milk production. (wikipedia.org)

High1

• 17 , 18 This relatively high rate of absorption, combined with low daily requirements and the body's extremely efficient enterohepatic circulation of vitamin B 12 , contributes to the long period, often years, for a deficiency to become evident. (mja.com.au)

Levels1

• There have been reports of deficiency in the breastfed infants of vegan (or "strict vegetarian") mothers who did not supplement their diets with vitamin B 12 , because of the smaller stores of vitamin B 12 gained by the infant during pregnancy and the low vitamin B 12 content of breastmilk (reflective of the mothers' serum levels). (mja.com.au)

Improve1

• Incretins are endogenous compounds, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), that improve glycemic control once released into the circulation via the gut. (axiomivtherapy.com)

Reabsorption1

• T1/2 - 4-9 h (this figure may vary depending on the severity of systemic metabolism, enterohepatic circulation and reabsorption). (ru-pills.com)

Metabolism3

• Upon acute exposure, (poly)phenol/metabolite presence in the blood depends mainly on intestinal absorption, enterohepatic circulation, and metabolism by resident microbiota. (nih.gov)
• Raloxifene is a second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that mediates anti-estrogenic effects on breast and uterine tissues, and estrogenic effects on bone, lipid metabolism, and blood coagulation. (drugbank.com)
• Raloxifene belongs to the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) drug class that exhibits estrogenic effects on bone and lipid metabolism while mediating anti-estrogenic effects on uterine endometrium and breast tissues. (drugbank.com)

Passes into breast milk2

• It is unknown if this drug passes into breast milk. (rxlist.com)
• This medication passes into breast milk. (rxlist.com)

Hyperbilirubinemia1

• Role of extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1: Advances in understanding breast milk-induced neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. (nih.gov)

Breastfeeding1

• Usually occurring in the first week of life, most cases can be ameliorated by frequent breastfeeding sessions of sufficient duration to stimulate adequate milk production. (wikipedia.org)

Liver2

• Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a biliary efflux transporter, exhibits increased liver mRNA expression in NASH patients and preclinical NASH models, but the impact on function is unknown. (aspetjournals.org)
• Clinical Interests: General Pediatric Gastroenterology Liver Disease Research Interests: Dr. Tessier has an interest in enterohepatic circulation and the impact of the gut microbiome on hepatic health and vise-versa. (texaschildrens.org)

Intake1

• The present exploratory study applied ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and triple quadrupole (QQQ) mass spectrometries to characterize red raspberry polyphenols in fruit and then their appearance, including metabolites in human biological samples (plasma, urine and breast milk) after the chronic intake of red raspberries. (nih.gov)

Infants5

• In one such study, cord plasma concen- trations were compared for breast-fed and formula-fed infants and in blood on days 3, 7 and 28 after birth (Pietersma-de Bruyn et al. (mfa.org.my)
• In infants fed a milk formula containing 68 ng/mL phylloquinone, the plasma concentration rose steadily, with mean values of 1. (mfa.org.my)
• A more detailed longitudinal comparison of plasma concentrations in breast-fed and formula-fed infants at 6, 12 and 26 weeks was made by Greer et al. (mfa.org.my)
• The results, summarized in Table 8, illustrate the extreme differences in intakes between breast-fed and formula-fed infants, which are also reflected in the plasma concentrations. (mfa.org.my)
• The concentrations in entirely breast-fed infants aged one month and beyond tend, as in this study, to be at the lower end of the normal range in adults (~0. (mfa.org.my)

Body2

• There is no evidence that the body stores of vitamin K are conserved by enterohepatic circulation. (mfa.org.my)
• Fat and toxin from the body through sweat gland, enterohepatic circulation and lymph. (bodyslimmingcar.com)

Disorders1

• Clinical efficacy of Jess in alleviating the symptoms of severe PMS, such as severe psycho-emotional disorders, breast engorgement, headache, muscle and joint pain, weight gain, and other symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle, is shown.Drospirenone also has antiandrogenic activity and helps reduce acne, oily skin and hair. (rusmedicines.cc)

Blood2

• The effects are very obvious: Enhance blood circulation, accelerate the decomposition of fat. (bodyslimmingcar.com)
• Taking estrogens with progestins may increase your chances of getting heart attacks, strokes, breast cancer, or blood clots. (pharmacyhq.com)

Drug1

• It penetrates into the breast milk, when the mother uses 200 mg of the drug per day, 0.5 to 2 mg is determined in the milk. (ru-pills.com)

Found2

• β-Glucuronidase is found in breast milk and the intestinal brush border. (amboss.com)
• Famotidine is also found in breast milk. (pocketdrugguide.com)

Increase1

• Estrogens may increase the chance of getting certain types of cancers, including cancer of the breast or uterus. (pharmacyhq.com)

Effects1

• This may affect how much milk you make and may also have undesirable effects on the nursing infant. (rxlist.com)