• Pollination deficit (the difference between potential and actual pollination) and bee abundance were measured in organic, conventional, and herbicide-resistant, genetically modified (GM) canola fields (Brassica napus and B. rapa) in northern Alberta, Canada, in the summer of 2002. (sott.net)
  • Because B. rapa is an obligate outcrossing species, the lack of pollination deficit in the organic (B. rapa) fields likely was due to the high bee abundance rather than a lower dependence of B. rapa on pollinators than B. napus canola. (sott.net)
  • This finding suggests that glyphosate resistance might come from GM oilseed rape crops illegally cultivated in the country or as a seed contaminant, and it implies gene flow and introgression between feral populations of GM B. napus and wild B. rapa. (weedscience.com)
  • Wilkinson, M. J. . 2006 Fitness of hybrids between rapeseed (Brassica napus) and wild Brassica rapa in natural habitats. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus , (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. (cambridge.org)
  • Becker , H , Karle , R , Han , S ( 1992 ) Environmental variation for outcrossing rates in rapeseed ( Brassica napus ). (cambridge.org)
  • Beckie , H , Warwick , S , Nair , H , Séguin-Swartz G ( 2003 ) Gene flow in commercial fields of herbicide-resistant canola ( Brassica napus ). (cambridge.org)
  • Beckie , H , Séguin-Swartz , G , Nair , H , Warwick , S , Johnson , E ( 2004 ) Multiple herbicide-resistant canola ( Brassica napus ) can be controlled by alternative herbicides. (cambridge.org)
  • Brassica napus , B. oleracea and B. rapa are important crops worldwide. (confex.com)
  • B. napus (oilseed rape) originates from natural hybridization between B. oleracea and B. rapa whose genomes originated from triplication of an ancestral genome as well as ancient polyploidy events shared with Arabidopsis. (confex.com)
  • This four-year project aimed to address these issues by completing the genetic mapping of the blackleg resistance gene Rlm11, incorporating Rlm11 from the winter-type B. rapa to a spring-type B. napus , and generating molecular markers linked to Rlm11. (canolacouncil.org)
  • This homozygous Rlm11 line named 'BR-11' was then used to generate inter-species ( B. napus x B. rapa ) mapping populations by crossing BR-11 to the double haploid, blackleg susceptible B. napus line Topas DH16516. (canolacouncil.org)
  • Canola is the name given to the nutritionally enhanced seed, oil and meal produced by the conventional genetic modification of Argentine and Polish type rapeseed ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L., respectively), and more recently tame Mustard , B. juncea (L.) Czern. (uregina.ca)
  • Additional plant-breeding work produced the first low erucic varieties, Oro ( B. napus ) and Span ( B. rapa ), and later the first varieties with both low erucic and low glucosinolate, Tower ( B. napus ) and Candle ( B. rapa ). (uregina.ca)
  • In this study, we investigated the impact of varying N fertilization rates in conjunction with biochar on soil properties , crop yield, and GHGs emissions in a rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.)- soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) rotation system for one year. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using Arabidopsis PAP1/2 transcription factor(TF)nucleic acid and protein sequence alignment and Pfam verification to study the exact homologous copy number,evolutionary relationship and expression of PAP1/2 TFs regulating anthocyanin metabolism in Brassica plants such as Brassica rapa , B. oleracea and B. napus . (ahs.ac.cn)
  • The number of homologous copies of PAP1/2 TFs identified in B. rapa , B. oleracea and B. napus were three,four and nine,respectively. (ahs.ac.cn)
  • Finally,combined with the transcriptome sequencing data of different tissues of B. rapa , B. oleracea and B. napus ,the expression analysis was carried out,and the expression of homologous copies of PAP1/2 TFs in different tissues was clarified. (ahs.ac.cn)
  • Identification and Analysis of PAP1/2 Homologous Genes in Brassica rapa , B. oleracea and B. napus [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2022, 49(6): 1301-1312. (ahs.ac.cn)
  • Three different species in this family are Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea . (pharmeasy.in)
  • Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) is a root Brassica crop and has been used as a vegetable for human consumption in Europe since prehistoric times. (babycrowd.com)
  • Turnip root has been a popular livestock fodder for at least 600 years wherever the crop can be grown. (babycrowd.com)
  • Up to 48% of the weed wild turnip growing in the GM crops had swapped genes with its cultivated relative, making it resistant to weedkiller, the researchers found. (tripod.com)
  • The results also show that GM crops interbred with the wild turnip weed, giving it resistance to herbicides and increasing the possibility of the unnatural evolution of superweeds. (tripod.com)
  • Sativus), and Turnip (Brassica Rapa Subsp. (mst.edu)
  • Refuse compost and sewage sludge were mixed with a loamy sand at various rates in pots and sown with Brassica chinensis , Daucus carota and Lycopersicon esculentum in a glasshouse. (eduhk.hk)
  • Further research on why some cropping systems, such as genetically modified, herbicide-resistant canola, have low wild bee abundance would be useful for management of agroecosystems to promote sustainability of food production. (sott.net)
  • Genetic resistance is a cost-effective, efficient and environmentally safe approach for protecting crops such as canola against various pathogens, including the blackleg-causing fungus, L. maculans , that does not respond to late-applied foliar fungicides. (canolacouncil.org)
  • however, the genome location of the gene and associated markers were unknown, and incorporation of Rlm11 from B. rapa is challenging and time-consuming for canola breeders. (canolacouncil.org)
  • Development of the Canadian rapeseed/canola crop is frequently referred to as a Cinderella story. (uregina.ca)
  • Canola peaked in 1994, when 2.6 million ha were planted-generating for the first time a million- dollar canola crop. (uregina.ca)
  • Canola oil has now become has become one of the major oilseed crops worldwide. (pharmeasy.in)
  • The ecological impacts of agriculture are of concern, especially with genetically modified and other intensive, modern cropping systems, yet little is known about effects on wild bee populations and subsequent implications for pollination. (sott.net)
  • During 2014, wild B. rapa populations that escaped control with glyphosate applications by farmers were found in this area. (weedscience.com)
  • We believe that the presence of the transgene in wild populations of B. rapa involved gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape cultivars or from feral populations having that event or through the introduction of these B. rapa biotypes as a seed contaminant from other countries (because transgenic oilseed rape is forbidden in Argentina). (weedscience.com)
  • We measured fitness components in spontaneous (non-GM) rapeseed × Brassica rapa hybrids in natural populations. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Summary: The phenomenon of feral crops, that is, free-living populations that have established outside cultivation, is understudied. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Some researchers focus on the negative consequences of domestication, whereas others assert that feral populations may serve as useful pools of genetic diversity for future crop improvement. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. (cambridge.org)
  • In this report, we briefly present assembly and features of B. oleracea genome, and then focus on evolution of duplicated genes in comparison with B. rapa and A. thaliana . (confex.com)
  • Photosynthetic and growth responses of juvenile Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. (edu.au)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Photosynthetic and growth responses of juvenile Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. (edu.au)
  • Brassica microgreens grown under natural light in greenhouse conditions were found to have higher fresh and dry weight production than those cultivated in a growth chamber under LEDs. (mdpi.com)
  • Pac Choi is a good crop for microgreens. (fedcoseeds.com)
  • Bok choy is much more profitable than some conventional crops grown in the state, based on personal communication with growers in the potato-growing region. (ufl.edu)
  • A. Yes, I'd always grown what I think many of us consider "normal" crops-you know, your potatoes and carrots and tomatoes and such. (awaytogarden.com)
  • Genetically modified crops being grown in Britain are likely to have cross-pollinated with ordinary crops and weeds, government research has shown. (tripod.com)
  • GM oilseed rape so readily cross pollinates it is unlikely that GM crops could be grown in Britain without contaminating all oilseed varieties, according to the research. (tripod.com)
  • Any normal crops being grown for seed or to be labelled organic would be rendered unfit for market because of contamination, and the research evidence shows that cross-pollination over large distances is possible. (tripod.com)
  • That is why we declared from the start that these crops should not be grown in the open environment at all. (tripod.com)
  • Despite the relatively high heavy metal contents of refuse compost, crops grown on compost-treated soils accumulated lower levels of metal than those grown on sludge-treated soils. (eduhk.hk)
  • The crop has undergone a great metamorphosis in nutritional quality and productivity since it was first grown on a few acres in 1942 as a World War II emergency measure. (uregina.ca)
  • Field crops are widely grown on a large scale for consumption purposes. (mdpi.com)
  • Understanding of the genomes and evolution of duplicated genes are of significance for genetic improvement of these crops. (confex.com)
  • At the time of this project, 19 resistance (R) genes in Brassica have been identified (named as Rlm or LepR) that confer resistance to various isolates of L. maculans with matching Avirulence (Avr) genes. (canolacouncil.org)
  • GENES from genetically modified crops have cross-fertilised and contaminated conventional crops and weeds in the UK, new government evidence has confirmed. (tripod.com)
  • The investigation, conducted between 1994 and 2000 by the National Institute of Agriculture, Botany and the Laboratory of the Government Chemist, shows that genes from GM oil seed rape altered to become resistant to herbicides, contaminated conventional crops. (tripod.com)
  • Brassica juncea - 500 seedsLeaf Mustard 'Red Giant' is an Asian leaf vegetable from the mustard fami. (theorganiccentre.ie)
  • Brassica rapa - 250 seedsPakchoi Taisai is a fast growing leaf vegetable from Eastern Asia with grey. (theorganiccentre.ie)
  • Asian vegetable crops are rapidly expanding in Florida since 2010 due to their health benefits combined with their high profitability. (ufl.edu)
  • These crops can help increase vegetable growers' income and diversify Florida's crop production. (ufl.edu)
  • This article provides a general overview of bok choy for vegetable growers, crop consultants, certified crop advisors, Extension agents, and graduate students. (ufl.edu)
  • Birdsrape Mustard ( Brassica rapa (=B. campestris) ) is a dicot weed in the Brassicaceae family. (weedscience.com)
  • Although rapeseed and tame mustard were ancient oilseed crops of Asia and the Indian subcontinent, they are a recent introduction to Canada. (uregina.ca)
  • Fitness of hybrids between genetically modified (GM) crops and wild relatives influences the likelihood of ecological harm. (nerc.ac.uk)
  • Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. (frontiersin.org)
  • Brassica rapa - 500 seedsTurnip Top Mizuna is a fine Japanese cabbage leaf and has a loose crop with. (theorganiccentre.ie)
  • Cultural controls: control cabbage-family weeds near crop fields, till under crop debris of early-season brassicas after harvest. (fedcoseeds.com)
  • This temperate climate crop grows best when temperatures are around 68 degrees F. Soil should be moist, but well drained and have a medium to low fertility level. (backyardgardener.com)
  • This crop prefers slightly acidic (pH 5.5 to 7.0) sandy soil rich in nutrients. (ufl.edu)
  • Root crops are particularly likely to be contaminated with soil. (canada.ca)
  • As a leaf crop, Mibuna prefers to have nitrogen rich soil and regular water to keep the soil moist, but well drained. (herbcottage.com.au)
  • In general, crop yield in refuse compost treatment was improved over that in sandy soil alone, but was less than that in the sludge and fertilizer treatments. (eduhk.hk)
  • Cover Crops (CC) Provide Soil Ecosystem Benefits Including Reduced Soil Erosion, Improved Soil Health, and Nutrient Cycling. (mst.edu)
  • However, the Effect of CCs on Rotational Commodity Crop Grain Yields and Nutrient Uptake May Vary at Different Landscape Positions and under Different Soil Moisture Dynamics. (mst.edu)
  • the Objectives of This Study Were to Determine the Influence of CCs in a Terraced Field on Soil Moisture at Crop Emergence and Reproductive Stages of Corn (Zea Mays L) and Soybean (Glycine Max L. Merr. (mst.edu)
  • Biochar as agricultural soil amendment has been extensively investigated for its potential to sequester carbon , to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, to enhance soil fertility and enhance crop yields. (bvsalud.org)
  • In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Beckie H, Hall L, Warwick S (2001) Impact of herbicide resistant crops as weeds in Canada. (cambridge.org)
  • Cultural controls: avoid transplanting plants with yellow leaves or v-shaped lesions, crop rotation, destroy crop debris after harvest, avoid overhead irrigation, control weeds, allow for good air movement. (fedcoseeds.com)
  • We have probed that this Brassica rapa biotype has the Trp-574-Leu mutation in AHAS enzyme gene, as in other resistant weed cases (like Raphanus sativus from Argentina). (weedscience.com)
  • Researchers identified a B. rapa line that contained the race-specific resistance gene Rlm11. (canolacouncil.org)
  • Trials, such as those that have taken place at Munlochy on the Black Isle and fields at the Scottish Agricultural College at Aberdeen, were designed to look at the affects of pesticide use on GM and non-GM crops, and not the possibility of gene transfer. (tripod.com)
  • The National Institute for Agricultural Botany at Cambridge says current safety margins of 50 metres between GM crops and normal crops are not acceptable. (tripod.com)
  • Landscape Position and Cover Crops Affects Crop Yields in a Terrace-Tiled Field," Agricultural Water Management , vol. 289, article no. 108517, Elsevier, Nov 2023. (mst.edu)
  • Therefore, we recommend a comprehensive and long-term evaluation of biochar's impact by considering crop yield, GHGs emissions, and carbon sequestration in agricultural systems to ensure sustainable agricultural management. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although research on feral crops and the process of feralization has advanced rapidly in the last two decades, generalizable insights have been limited by a lack of comparative research across crop species and other factors. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Because seed is spilt at harvest new GM plants grow in the next crops, leading to further dangers of cross-contamination. (tripod.com)
  • Useful for livestock grazing and cover crops, too. (smithseed.com)
  • Landscape Position and Cover Crops Affects Crop Yields in a Terrace-Ti" by Harpreet Kaur, Kelly A. Nelson et al. (mst.edu)
  • is one of the most valuable horticultural fruit crops cultivated worldwide. (researchsquare.com)
  • We look forward to papers that address the development of long-term strategies to minimize the incidence of pests and diseases, preferably by strengthening natural control mechanisms to grow a "healthy crop. (mdpi.com)
  • For fall crops you may allow them to grow 8-10' full-sized heads. (fedcoseeds.com)
  • One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • By bridging historically siloed ecological, agronomic, and evolutionary lines of inquiry into feral crops, there is the opportunity to improve food security and understand this relatively understudied anthropogenic phenomenon. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Transgene escape and persistence in an agroecosystem: the case of glyphosate-resistant Brassica rapa L. in central Argentina. (weedscience.com)
  • The transgenic origin of the glyphosate resistance in B. rapa biotypes was verified by an immunological test which confirmed the presence of the CP4 EPSPS protein and by an event-specific GT73 molecular marker. (weedscience.com)
  • DNA from 96 F2 lines was applied to the Brassica 60K Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping marker array and a genome scale SNP map was generated. (canolacouncil.org)
  • floating row covers , mulch with straw, time plantings for fall harvested crops only, crop rotation, perimeter trap cropping. (fedcoseeds.com)
  • iv) After fulfilling these three criteria, the product must be biosafe: not produce mammalian toxins that affect users and consumers, and have a host range that does not include crops and beneficial organisms, and in most cases that it will not spread from application sites or have environmental residues beyond those needed to control the target pest. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Background Maize is an excellent fodder crop due to its high biomass, better palatability, succulency, and nutrition. (researchgate.net)
  • However, livestock farmers at that time were turning away from the Brassica root crops (which also include rutabagas or swedes) for fodder because much hand labor was required for the production and utilization of the large roots. (babycrowd.com)
  • Rapa)) and Cereal Rye (Secale Cereale L.) Effect on Corn and Soybean Grain Yield and Plant Nutrient Concentration, respectively. (mst.edu)
  • This Study Suggests that CCs in Terraced Fields Can Have a Neutral or Negative Effect on the Following Commodity Crop Yield Depending on the Weather Conditions. (mst.edu)
  • Biochar combined with different nitrogen fertilization rates increased crop yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a rapeseed-soybean rotation system. (bvsalud.org)
  • The yield of both crops were significantly augmented by biochar up to 75% compared to using N fertilization alone, potentially due to enhanced N use efficiency . (bvsalud.org)
  • Yet despite the ancillary emotional benefits, the primary goal of raising crops from seeds in microgravity was not to be easily reached. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • As in the first Issue, which published ten scientific papers on potato, eggplant, quinoa, soybean, wheat, sugar beet, and corn, we look forward to contributions that address recent advances and IPM methods in all types of field crops. (mdpi.com)
  • However, characterizing plant phenotypes is costly and time consuming and presents a bottleneck in crop management as well as in the screening of progeny in crop breeding programs 7 . (nature.com)
  • Pete Riley, from FoE, said: "This raises serious doubts about whether we can grow GM crops in this country and still give farmers the option of growing non-GM crops and organic produce. (tripod.com)
  • Apple is among the most widely cultivated perennial fruit crops worldwide. (researchsquare.com)
  • This directive outlines the phytosanitary requirements for root crops (other than potatoes), mushrooms, and vegetables with attached roots that are imported for consumption or processing. (canada.ca)
  • A Permit to Import is no longer required for root crops imported from areas other than the continental United States. (canada.ca)
  • In this directive, "root crops" should be interpreted to mean root vegetables ( e.g. carrots, parsnips, turnips), vegetables with attached roots ( e.g. green onions, leeks, certain herbs) and mushrooms. (canada.ca)
  • This directive is intended for those wishing to import root crops into Canada. (canada.ca)
  • This root crop that has fed the world's people for thousands of years can be eaten fresh, roasted, or used like potatoes, even mashed! (southernagriculture.com)
  • Until now the government has persistently claimed the results would bring an end to the debate on whether biotechnology and GM crops threatened the environment. (tripod.com)
  • These plants were characterized by morphology and seed acidic profile, and all the characters agreed with B. rapa description. (weedscience.com)
  • One study showed that the labor requirement on a nutrient basis for these crops was three times that needed for corn silage production. (babycrowd.com)
  • Dry matter production of the three crops and contents of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in the harvested tissues were determined at the end of the experiment. (eduhk.hk)
  • 100% polyethylene-terephthalate) for the production of rapini (Brassica rapa L. (psu.edu)
  • These questions, which emerged from the colloquium "Darwins' reversals: What we now know about Feralization and Crop Wild Relatives" at the BOTANY 2021 conference, fall into seven categories that span both basic and applied research: (1) definitions and drivers of ferality, (2) genetic architecture and pathway, (3) evolutionary history and biogeography, (4) agronomy and breeding, (5) fundamental and applied ecology, (6) collecting and conservation, and (7) taxonomy and best practices. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Maize has witnessed great success in terms of evolution and improvement and is the most explored crop for which most breeding strategies have been devised. (researchgate.net)
  • The fundamental aspects of crop breeding are the identification, investigation, creation and utilization of genetic variation. (researchgate.net)
  • Early turnips can be harvested at about 5 weeks and main crop anywhere from 6 to 10 weeks. (backyardgardener.com)
  • Lift main crop in mid autumn and store to prevent them becoming woody in texture. (motherearthnews.com)
  • After rice and wheat, maize is the third most important cereal crop globally. (researchgate.net)
  • Thus besides neo-polyploids originated from genomes doubled or triplicated by hybridization, the crops commonly considered as diploidy, such as rice, maize and soybean, are actually polyploidy with such one or more doubling events. (confex.com)