Brain serotonin and norepinephrine. Medical search. Frequent questions

A serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. (wikipedia.org)
One contributing factor to bipolar disorder is an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain called neurotransmitters. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Genetic deletion of OCT2 in mice produced a significant reduction in brain tissue concentrations of NE and 5-HT and in ex vivo uptake of both these neurotransmitters in the presence of the dual 5-HT-NE transport blocker, venlafaxine. (hal.science)
Sometimes there aren't enough chemical messengers (called neurotransmitters) in the brain. (familydoctor.org)
Neurotransmitters that affect your mood are serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. (familydoctor.org)
About 80 percent of the signaling in the brain is carried out by two neurotransmitters that balance each other's effect: Glutamate stirs up activity to begin the signaling cascade, and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) clamps down on activity. (additudemag.com)
Psychiatry focuses more on a group of neurotransmitters that act as regulators - of the signaling process and of everything else the brain does. (additudemag.com)
It's a handy metaphor to get the point across, but the deeper explanation is that exercise balances neurotransmitters - along with the rest of the neurochemicals in the brain. (additudemag.com)
As fundamental as the neurotransmitters are, there's another class of master molecules that, over the past 15 years, has dramatically changed our understanding of connections in the brain. (additudemag.com)
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin are three neurotransmitters that help communicate mood. (psychcentral.com)
Its modus operandi is grounded in its ability to engage with specific receptors in the brain, heralding significant effects on neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. (khamush.com)
Drugs which prevent reuptake of serotonin and other neurotransmitters work by increasing available levels of the chemicals in the synapses by preventing reuptake of the chemical by presynaptic neurons. (brighthub.com)
The enzyme is responsible for a reaction which breaks down several neurotransmitters, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. (brighthub.com)
Neurotransmitters are natural substances that transmit messages between nerve cells in the brain. (healthy.net)
Some neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine, play an important role in regulating our moods. (healthy.net)
This means it's possible to raise levels of neurotransmitters that are too low simply by increasing our intake of the foods from which neurotransmitters are made.Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is what serotonin is mainly derived from. (healthy.net)
Assessment of the cerebral laterality of extracellular neurotransmitters in the vmPFC showed that prenatally malnourished animals had a significant shift in laterality from the right to the left hemisphere for NE and DA but not for serotonin. (harvard.edu)
Most theories about depression are that there seems to be an imbalance of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters. (northwestpharmacy.com)
The neurotransmitters thought to be related to depression are dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. (northwestpharmacy.com)
Chemical substances called neurotransmitters send and receive messages throughout the brain. (healthyplace.com)
Specifically, it's necessary for the healthy production of serotonin and norepinephrine, key neurotransmitters. (americanpregnancy.org)
It modulates the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. (edgefoundation.org)
These neurotransmitters carry messages to nerve cells, help regulate behaviors and mood, and keep brain function smooth. (psychcentral.com)
Both drugs work by altering the balance of different neurotransmitters in your brain, such as norepinephrine and dopamine. (escapistmagazine.com)
The symptomatic effects of drug abuse are a result of alterations in the functioning of the following neurotransmitters or their receptors: acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, opioids and serotonin. (aafp.org)
In the human brain, there are many "neurotransmitters" that affect the way we think, feel, and act. (narpa.org)
Three of these neurotransmitters that antidepressants influence are serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. (narpa.org)
A search in the PubMed database shows that throughout the 1960s research on this new transmitter lagged behind that given to the other classical neurotransmitters, noradrenaline, serotonin and acetylcholine. (lu.se)

They are an extension of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) whereby the addition of dopaminergic action is thought to have the possibility of heightening therapeutic benefit. (wikipedia.org)
Milnacipran is in a class of medications called selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). (medlineplus.gov)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are newer than both tricyclics and SSRIs, and work on both norepinephrine and serotonin. (brighthub.com)
Effexor (venlafaxine) was the first antidepressant in the class of drugs known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). (drugwatch.com)
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are similar to SSRIs. (medlineplus.gov)

Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, or SNRI. (drugwatch.com)
In PREDICT, patients with MDD were randomly assigned to receive either 12 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or 12 weeks of therapy with antidepressant therapy with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram ( Lexapro , Forest Labs) or the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine ( Cymbalta , Lilly). (medscape.com)

Currently, the class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most prescribed. (brighthub.com)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are greatly preferred to the other classes of antidepressants in this setting. (medscape.com)
The medications most widely prescribed for these disorders are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (the SSRIs). (narpa.org)
SSRIs affect mainly serotonin and have been found to be effective in treating depression and anxiety without as many side effects as some older antidepressants. (narpa.org)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most prescribed type of antidepressant. (medlineplus.gov)
His research made a great contribution to the development of the new generation of antidepressant medication, known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). (lu.se)

High-affinity transporters for norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT), which ensure neurotransmitter clearance at the synapse, are the principal targets of widely used antidepressant drugs. (hal.science)
By interacting with receptors in the brain, cordyceps can help regulate neurotransmitter levels and reduce the symptoms of anxiety. (bacchusgamma.org)
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, a chemical which helps brain neurons transmit signals. (brighthub.com)
The other important neurotransmitter, in terms of your emotional equilibrium, is norepinephrine, which is derived from L-phenylalanine, another essential amino acid found in protein. (healthy.net)
Women with ADHD can be particularly sensitive to lower estrogen levels since ADHD is also associated with a dysfunction in the neurotransmitter systems in the brain. (edgefoundation.org)
The discovery of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the brain was one of the seminal events in the development of modern neuroscience. (lu.se)
Previously, it was thought that dopamine was simply a precursor of another neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. (lu.se)
He then discovered that dopamine was concentrated in different parts of the brain to norepinephrine, which led him to conclude that dopamine itself could function as a neurotransmitter. (lu.se)
Animals that were instead treated with a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin did not improve, however. (lu.se)

This class of antidepressant works by blocking reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). (brighthub.com)
Serotonin, noradrenaline (aka norepinephrine), and dopamine often don't operate as they should in folks who have bipolar disorder . (psychcentral.com)
The functional effect was correlated to a recovery of dopamine, but not noradrenaline, content in the brain, suggesting that depletion of dopamine, rather than noradrenaline or serotonin, was the cause of the akinetic state in reserpine-treated animals. (lu.se)
The original Falck-Hillarp method was based on the exposure of freeze-dried tissue to formaldehyde vapor, allowing dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin to be converted to molecules that emit a yellow-green fluorescence in the microscope. (lu.se)

Norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) levels were assayed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum and neocortex. (erowid.org)

5-HTP also has antidepressant properties roughly equivalent to antidepressant medications, and since it is a step closer to serotonin, not surprisingly, it appears to be even more effective than tryptophan. (healthy.net)

Experts believe that bipolar disorder is associated with a chemical imbalance in the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Sometimes, mental health problems occur where there is a chemical imbalance in the brain. (healthyplace.com)
When mental disorders arise because of a chemical imbalance in the brain, medication can go a long way toward helping someone feel and function better. (healthyplace.com)

Prozac is an SSRI, or a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. (escapistmagazine.com)

METHODS: Bupropion was administered subcutaneously via osmotic minipumps over 2 days to determine its effects on the spontaneous firing activity of NE, serotonin (5-HT), and DA neurons in the brain of anaesthetised male Sprague-Dawley rats. (biopsychiatry.com)
The brain is made up of one hundred billion neurons of various types that chat with one another by way of hundreds of different chemicals, to govern our thoughts and actions. (additudemag.com)
BDNF triggers the growth of new neurons and helps repair and protect brain cells from degeneration. (time.com)
The researchers believe that human brains use a strategy called "rate code," where neurons pay more attention to similar messages from multiple neurons, but ignore their individual "noises. (escapistmagazine.com)
This dramatic increase coincides with the introduction of a range of new neurochemical and pharmacological tools for the study of dopamine neurons and their function in the brain, as well as the identification of the dopamine receptors, their pharmacology, and their role in mediating the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics [12,13]. (lu.se)
The use of stem cell-derived dopamine neurons or deep brain stimulation (DBS) represents two alternative approaches to treat Parkinson's Disease. (lu.se)
It was a fantastic day when we saw the first neurons emitting a brilliant fluorescence due to their content of norepinephrine. (lu.se)

Findings from one 2022 clinical research trial noted that high doses of venlafaxine are associated with changes in different forms of plasticity in discrete brain areas. (drugwatch.com)

It works by increasing the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine, natural substances that help stop the movement of pain signals in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
It is thought that the diminishing daylight hours affect the amount of serotonin that our brain manufactures. (northwestpharmacy.com)

Experts believe that bipolar disorder is associated with the smaller size of certain regions of the brain and with changes in the brain's chemicals. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This group of medications is often used to treat depression, thanks to its influence on the brain's "happy chemical," serotonin . (healthline.com)
Enter serotonin, the mood weaver in the brain's tapestry. (khamush.com)

This class of antidepressants works on the basis that the depression is caused by serotonin deficiency, but does not target norepinephrine as other types do. (brighthub.com)
Two further types of antidepressants are noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs), and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs). (brighthub.com)
NaSSAs are a newer class of antidepressants which increases neurotransmission of norepinephrine and serotonin by selectively blocking certain types of receptors. (brighthub.com)
The new style antidepressants like Prozac attempt to regulate serotonin. (healthy.net)
The brain is a complex organ, and researchers are still learning about how and why antidepressants affect it. (medlineplus.gov)

When we exercise, the brain releases more dopamine, endorphins ("feel-good" messenger), and serotonin. (psychcentral.com)
Exercise triggers the release of chemicals in the brain-serotonin, norepinephrine, endorphins, dopamine-that dull pain, lighten mood and relieve stress. (time.com)

For example, depression may be caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. (familydoctor.org)
It helps block the reabsorption of both serotonin and norepinephrine, two chemicals in the brain that transmit nerve signals. (drugwatch.com)
MDD has been linked to an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. (mentalhealth.com)

Shows no cross reactivity to the closely related serotonin and norepinephrine transporters (Miller, 1997). (sigmaaldrich.com)

For the red pepper trial, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly elevated after 30 min, but not at 60 and 150 min of rest. (springer.com)
Dopamine was found in particularly high concentrations in the parts of the brain known as the basal ganglia, which have a significant role in controlling our muscle movements. (lu.se)

The hippocampus is an area of the brain that is important for emotional control, including the stress response, and memory formation and retrieval. (medicalnewstoday.com)
And it spurs the development of new nerve cells from stem cells in the hippocampus, an area of the brain related to memory and learning. (additudemag.com)
Once it became clear to researchers that BDNF was present in the hippocampus, the area of the brain related to memory and learning, they set out to test whether it was a necessary ingredient in the process. (additudemag.com)
The volume of some brain regions, like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, is often smaller in people who have depression . (psychcentral.com)
Exercise increases the volume of the hippocampus and other brain regions. (psychcentral.com)

These drugs act by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. (medicinenet.com)
The levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) , a molecule important for learning, memory, and neuroplasticity, are also lower. (psychcentral.com)
The brain is especially vulnerable to oxidative stress because it uses high levels of oxygen and has fewer antioxidant defenses than other parts of the body. (psychcentral.com)
Exercise increases levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. (smore.com)
By modulating serotonin levels, tesofensine might lend a helping hand in managing anxiety and depression, which often accompany these disorders. (khamush.com)
The drug helps smokers quit by preventing withdrawal symptoms while moderate levels of dopamine are maintained in the brain. (medscape.com)
It works by regulating levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. (drugwatch.com)
Scientists believe maintaining proper levels of serotonin in the brain prevents depression and anxiety, and they also think boosting norepinephrine reduces neuropathic pain. (drugwatch.com)
NE, DA, and 5-HT principally modulate this brain region, and dysregulation or imbalance in their levels affect neuronal circuits involved in cognitive processing. (cdc.gov)
They work by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
They help regulate mood by increasing levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. (medlineplus.gov)
ANADÓN, A. Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to amitraz on norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine levels in brain regions of male and female rats. (bvsalud.org)

Almost all drugs that are misused - from nicotine to opioids - target a an area of the brain called the nucleus accumbens . (psychcentral.com)

Brains were is lated, from male Sprague-Dawley rats (7-12 wk old). (erowid.org)
In rats, MDMA produced dose-dependent reductions in 5-HT in all brain regions examined. (erowid.org)
A single 40-mg/kg injection of MDMA depleted 5-HT 2 and 8 weeks after administration to rats in all regions of the brain examined except the hypothalamus. (erowid.org)
Brain sections from rats injected with MDMA according to this dosage regimen were stained by the Fink-Heimer method. (erowid.org)
Abstract-l-Chloroamphetamine and several structurally similar compounds lowered serotonin level in the whole brain of rats without lowering the level of norepinephrine. (erowid.org)
Aberration of corticothalamic brain regions in rats exposed to welding fumes. (cdc.gov)

Effexor blocks the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine. (drugwatch.com)

Tramadol helps relieve pain by decreasing the amount of these two compounds in brain cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These mushrooms contain compounds that support brain health and reduce inflammation, helping the body cope with stress. (bacchusgamma.org)
In parallel studies of tissues, it became clear that the catecholamines and serotonin could form intensely fluorescent compounds in freeze-dried specimens exposed to dry FA gas - that is under conditions of such dryness that any dislocation could be avoided. (lu.se)

This part of the brain plays an important role in mood-related disorders and is responsible for cognitive control, impulsivity, and attention. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Tesofensine's interaction with serotonin receptors sets forth a cascade of effects that could alleviate the emotional turmoil commonly intertwined with eating disorders. (khamush.com)
Tesofensine's interaction with norepinephrine receptors could potentially enhance cognitive functions, providing patients with the mental clarity and attentiveness required to overcome their eating disorders. (khamush.com)
According to SAMHSA , people with bipolar disorder may misuse substances for a number of reasons, including because both disorders change brain areas important in regulating impulsivity and feelings of reward and pleasure. (psychcentral.com)

Before its conversion to serotonin, tryptophan must first be converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). (healthy.net)
4-Chloroamphetamine did not inhibit tryptophan hydroxylation in rat liver or bacterial preparations nor did it inhibit the uptake of 14C-5-hydroxytryptophan into rat brain. (erowid.org)

These reductions in gray matter happened in areas of the brain associated with mood regulation, information processing, and awareness of bodily states. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Its interactions with dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine receptors could pave the way for improved motivation, mood regulation, and cognitive focus among patients. (khamush.com)
Norepinephrine , which is involved in the body's stress response and plays a role in mood regulation and alertness. (medlineplus.gov)

In OCD Medication, These Drugs Keep Serotonin from Reabsorbing Into the Patient's Brain, Thereby Inhibiting Compulsive Activities and Intrusive Thinking, Reducing the Likelihood of OCD Symptoms. (dualdiagnosis.org)
Psychedelic drugs stimulate serotonin release, and sedative-hypnotic drugs potentiate the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. (aafp.org)

The brain also tells your adrenal gland to release chemicals like adrenaline and norepinephrine. (cnn.com)
FA vapor generated from a saturated FA solution induced a norepinephrine fluorescence in adrenal medullary cells whose intensity was almost beyond belief compared to what was known then. (lu.se)

As an opioid drug, tramadol acts on the brain to relieve pain. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Researchers introduced a nerve pulse into a single neuron of a rat's brain. (escapistmagazine.com)

Far from being hardwired, as scientists once envisioned it, the ADHD brain is constantly being rewired. (additudemag.com)
Scientists don't know exactly why exercise changes the structure and function of the brain, but it's an area of active research. (time.com)
The perennial conundrum facing scientists was how the brain could be so reliable when its circuitry was so variable. (escapistmagazine.com)

Cognitive control of micturition is achieved by communication from a number of brain structures to the periaqueductal gray matter, which then exerts control over the pontine micturition center to suppress or trigger a voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
Higher brain centers then determine whether it is socially acceptable to void and trigger downstream structures to permit or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)

The highest dose also reduced norepinephrine and/or dopamine in some regions. (erowid.org)
The 20-mg/kg dose of MDMA depleted 5-HT in all regions of the guinea pig brain assayed. (erowid.org)

Over at Neurotopia, blogger Scicurious has broken down the basics of the ominously titled research paper "Fluoxetine potentiates methylphenidate-induced gene regulation in addiction-related brain regions: Concerns for use of cognitive enhancers? (escapistmagazine.com)

Exercise: A Drug for Your Brain? (additudemag.com)
What parts of the brain are affected by exercise? (psychcentral.com)
Researchers are trying to figure out why by looking at how exercise might affect the body and the brain. (psychcentral.com)
But exercise can parry these factors, facilitating changes in the body and brain that help alleviate some depression symptoms. (psychcentral.com)
The brains of people with depression often have physical features that, incidentally, exercise has been shown to improve. (psychcentral.com)
1. Exercise is great for your brain. (time.com)
So far, they've found that exercise improves blood flow to the brain, feeding the growth of new blood vessels and even new brain cells, thanks to the protein BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor). (time.com)

Other monoamine transport systems, with lower affinity, have been detected in the brain, but their role is largely unknown. (hal.science)

Bipolar disorder can affect all regions of the brain, both structurally and functionally. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Studies even show actual physical changes in a person's brain when they have clinical depression. (ementalhealth.ca)

By enhancing brain health, it can contribute to the reduction of anxiety symptoms. (bacchusgamma.org)
Certain brain chemicals affect pain and mood, and treating depression tends to improve the symptoms and outcomes of many physical illnesses. (rxlist.com)
ADHD is a brain-based neurological variation involving both chemical and structural differences, and yet many women continue to get a message that their symptoms are due to a character flaw, personality style, or lack of effort. (chadd.org)
As a result of dependence upon higher brain centers, certain lesions or diseases of the brain (eg, stroke, cancer, dementia) can result in a loss of voluntary control of the normal micturition reflex as well as symptoms such as urinary urgency. (medscape.com)

These findings suggest that the neurological underpinnings in PD, manganism, and WF-mediated PD-like manifestation encompasses much more than degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and involves brain areas associated with sensorimotor, fine motor, and cognitive tasks, such as the cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum. (cdc.gov)
Research on dopaminergic neurotransmission has remained highly dynamic over the years and been extremely important in shaping our understanding of how the brain works in health and disease. (lu.se)

Serotonin syndrome develops when there is too much serotonin accumulating in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
He was admitted to hospital A with a diagnosis of suspected serotonin syndrome secondary to the cyclobenzaprine. (cdc.gov)
After two emergency hospital A with a diagnosis of suspected serotonin syndrome department visits for severe neck pain, paresthesia in the secondary to the cyclobenzaprine. (cdc.gov)

The enzyme works by disrupting pain signals sent to the brain and, as such, is often combined into OTC creams and patches. (healthline.com)

How does bipolar disorder affect the brain? (medicalnewstoday.com)
The most common side effects of tramadol affect the abdominal tract and the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)

In one 2021 study , researchers did not find consistent differences in brain volume between people with or without bipolar disorder. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers used MRI scans to view the brains of study participants and measure the volumes of regions of the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
As research continues to unravel the intricacies of its impact on brain chemistry, medical professionals and researchers stand poised to refine its application, minimizing side effects and maximizing benefits. (khamush.com)
Researchers have also found that some parts of the brain are linked to fear and anxiety. (psychguides.com)
Researchers at UCL tested this hypothesis, using a modern-day, laymen's scenario: If a butterfly's wings flapped in one area of the brain, could it cause a tornado in another area? (escapistmagazine.com)

WASHINGTON - Predictors of response to mainstream therapies for major depressive disorder (MDD) range from baseline comorbid anxiety, brain connectivity patterns on neuroimaging, genomic patterns, and novel findings of inflammatory system abnormalities, new research suggests. (medscape.com)

The medication works by restoring the chemical balance within the brain. (healthyplace.com)

I'm talking about a family of proteins referred to as "factors," the most prominent of which is the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). (additudemag.com)

The 5% Lidocaine patch has been shown to be effective in reducing spontaneous nerve discharge that can translate to your brain as pain. (healthline.com)

It can cause a rapid breakdown in muscle or electrolyte imbalance, which can cause kidney failure or potentially fatal swelling in the brain. (stonegatecenter.com)

They are also similar to serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents (SNDRAs) like MDMA ("ecstasy") and α-ethyltryptamine (αET) for the same reason, although they act via a different mechanism and have differing physiological and qualitative effects. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy38

Organisms10

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes21

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Neurotransmitters28

SNRIs5

Reuptake inhibitor2

SSRIs6

Neurotransmitter9

Noradrenaline4

Dopamine and Serotonin1

Antidepressant1

Chemical imbalance in the brain3

Selective serotonin1

Neurons7

Venlafaxine1

Amount of serotonin2

Brain's3

Antidepressants5

Endorphins2

Chemicals in the brain3

Transporters1

Concentrations2

Hippocampus5

Levels12

Opioids1

Rats6

Reabsorption1

Compounds3

Disorders4

Tryptophan2

Mood regulation3

Drugs2

Adrenal2

Relieve1

Neuron1

Scientists3

Suppress3

Dose2

Fluoxetine1

Exercise7

Monoamine1

Structurally1

Person's1

Symptoms4

Dopaminergic2

Syndrome3

Signals1

Affect2

Researchers5

Anxiety1

Medication1

Neurotrophic factor1

Pain1

Imbalance1

MDMA1