• Results Of 547 patients with 596 brainstem metastases treated with SRS, treatment of 7.4% of tumors resulted in severe SRS-induced toxicity (grade ≥3, increased odds with increasing tumor volume, margin dose, and whole-brain irradiation). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Brain tumors account for 20-25% of pediatric cancers. (frontiersin.org)
  • The incidence of brain tumors in children is about 5 cases per 100,000 population, 75% of which are classified as gliomas ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Clinical trials to date have benefited only limited subsets of patients, accentuating the fact that pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute an extremely heterogeneous group of highly aggressive brain tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • DIPG is the most frequent brainstem tumor in the pediatric populations, and accounts for up to 80% of all pediatric brainstem tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Glioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors believed to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most primary brain tumors are solitary, but multiple primary brain tumors have been reported. (vin.com)
  • Secondary or metastatic tumors appear to be less common and may result from local extension (e.g., nasal adenocarcinoma) or metastases from primary tumors elsewhere. (vin.com)
  • Skull tumors may affect the brain by local extension. (vin.com)
  • Although brain tumors occur in dogs of all breeds, either sex, and any age, the incidence increases over 5 years of age, and with certain breeds. (vin.com)
  • Secondary tumors reported to occur in the brain of cats include pituitary macroadenomas macrocarcinomas, and metastatic carcinomas. (vin.com)
  • Primary brain tumors originate from cells normally found within the brain and meninges. (vin.com)
  • Secondary tumors are metastasis from a primary tumor located outside the nervous system, or occur by local invasion from adjacent non- neural tissues (e.g., bone). (vin.com)
  • Pituitary gland neoplasms and tumors arising from cranial nerves are considered secondary brain tumors. (vin.com)
  • Brain tumors cause cerebral dysfunction through infiltration of normal brain tissue, compression of adjacent structures, disruption of cerebral circulation, and local necrosis. (vin.com)
  • Secondary effects of brain tumors include hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral edema, and brain herniation. (vin.com)
  • Primary brain tumors often are slow growing and the brain adapts to the slow increase in ICP. (vin.com)
  • Secondary effects of brain tumors include increased ICP and cerebral edema. (vin.com)
  • [ 4 ] Adult cases are unusual, accounting for less than 1% of brain tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. (reference.md)
  • These PDXs display invasive growth, spontaneous metastasis, and recapitulate the histology, protein marker expression, and clinically important gene copy number changes of the original tumors. (lu.se)
  • Three Phase 1 clinical trials are also ongoing for mebendazole and brain tumors (NCT02644291, NCT01729260, NCT0183787862). (cures.news)
  • Medulloblastoma is an embryonal neoplasm and accounts for 1% of all adult intracranial tumors. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • In the pediatric group, MB is the most common malignant brain tumor, but accounts for less than 1% of all adult intracranial tumors,[ 11 5 ] with an annual incidence of approximately only 0.5 per million individuals. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Dr. David Raleigh is a radiation oncologist who specializes in brain tumors. (ucsf.edu)
  • Raleigh's research focuses on understanding the biological processes that cause brain tumors to grow. (ucsf.edu)
  • In 1991, Henry Brem, then an assistant professor of neurosurgery, re-established the Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory's focus on novel treatments for brain tumors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Dr. Brem and his colleagues have designed and led many multi-institutional clinical trials to improve and expand the range of therapeutic options for patients with brain tumors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • He is currently working on understanding the extreme responders and extreme clinical phenotypes of brain and spinal cord tumors to identify factors that may modulate responses to therapy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The laboratory is focused on a range of immunotherapeutic approaches to treating brain tumors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The lab is involved in multiple clinical trials meant to translate their basic science and translational research to the clinic to help curb the growth of brain tumors and improve patients' quality of life. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Brain tumors may be congenital in children younger than 3 years of age and range from benign complex lesions to highly malignant neoplasms. (medlink.com)
  • In contrast to medulloblastomas, which by definition originate from the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, other CNS embryonal tumors may arise across the neuraxis. (medlink.com)
  • The common embryonal brain tumor medulloblastoma and the rare atypical rhabdoid teratoid tumor are well-defined entities in terms of their histopathological features, immunophenotype, and genetic profiles, as are other brain tumors occurring in this age range, including choroid plexus tumors and infant gliomas, and they are discussed in separate articles. (medlink.com)
  • Although uncommon in children younger than 2 years of age, primary CNS tumors at this age comprise almost 15% of all childhood brain tumors. (medlink.com)
  • They can present as large tumors occupying contiguous cerebral lobes or as primary pineal, brainstem, or spinal cord tumors. (medlink.com)
  • While the origin of these tumors is still not definitively known, the two theories with the most support suggest that these tumors arise from a primitive cell derived either from an embryologic tissue called the neural crest, or from resident cells in the body (called mesenchymal stem cells) that have a capability to become one of a variety of tissue types. (sarcomahelp.org)
  • High-grade brain tumors, consistently located in the frontal lobes and olfactory tracts, were detected in 10 raccoons during March 2010-May 2012 in California and Oregon, suggesting an emerging, infectious origin. (cdc.gov)
  • Raccoon polyomavirus may contribute to the development of malignant brain tumors of raccoons. (cdc.gov)
  • JCV, for example, induces brain tumors when intracerebrally inoculated in experimental animals ( 7 - 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In northern California and southern Oregon, we diagnosed 10 cases of olfactory tract/frontal lobe brain tumors in free-ranging raccoons during March 2010-May 2012. (cdc.gov)
  • Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)
  • Dissemination of medulloblastoma within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways is a defining pathobiologic characteristic of this tumor, and about 30% of patients will have CSF metastasis at presentation. (medscape.com)
  • Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor. (nih.gov)
  • Strikingly, human pluripotent stem cell antibody array showed that Hand1 overexpression resulted in substantial decrease in pluripotency markers (Nanog, Oct3/4, Otx2, Flk1) suggesting that Hand1 expression may be essential to attenuate the EMT and our findings underscore a novel role for Hand1 in medulloblastoma metastasis. (nih.gov)
  • Medulloblastoma is the most common embryonal brain tumor, whereas other embryonal tumor types are considered "rare" and typically affect infants and very young children. (medlink.com)
  • Chetan Bettegowda, M.D. , explores the genetic underpinnings that drive the pathogenesis of a variety of primary central nervous system neoplasms. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • A 42-year-old woman, diagnosed with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer in July 2011, initially treated with chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, developed multiple brain metastases March 2013, with subsequent whole brain radiotherapy, after which a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a significant volume regression of all brain metastases. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The patient started oral steroid therapy and underwent whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in April 2013 with 4 Gy daily fractions over 5 consecutive days (4 Gy × 5). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The Cognitive Effects of Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases. (viictr.org)
  • Unlike most other cancers, where metastases from the site of origin is the main cause of death, GBM very rarely metastasizes outside the neuraxis. (frontiersin.org)
  • In recent years, the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has emerged as a critical determinant of cancer initiation, progression and metastasis of an important subset of human cancers [ 3 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other types of pathology in the brain stem segment are neoplasms (mostly glioma and metastases), vascular lesions (infarction, cavernoma) and infections (rhombencephalitis). (radiologyassistant.nl)
  • The most frequent type of brain tumor is Glioma from grade I to grade IV according to the rate of malignancy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer (medical term: malignant neoplasm) is a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth (division beyond the normal limits), invasion (intrusion on and destruction of adjacent tissues), and sometimes metastasis (spread to other locations in the body via lymph or blood). (medicalxpress.com)
  • This surgical modality should be considered when managing larger brain lesions in critical areas. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • A computed tomography (CT)-scan and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed at least 20 small cerebral lesions as well as a 20 mm brainstem lesion located in the pons. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scanning and MRI studies of the brain may be important in ruling out intracranial lesions when the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy is in question. (medscape.com)
  • Cerebral meningioma is the most frequently reported primary brain tumor of cats and accounts for almost 10% of all nonhematopoietic neoplasms. (vin.com)
  • At the UCSF Brain Tumor Center, Raleigh is a principal investigator with the Wolfe Meningioma Program Project. (ucsf.edu)
  • Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. (reference.md)
  • Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. (reference.md)
  • Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm. (reference.md)
  • Hh proteins are secreted morphogens that play essential roles in regulation of embryogenesis, development, tissue homeostasis, regeneration and stem cell maintenance in a concentration-dependent manner [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purpose To pool data across multiple institutions internationally and report on the cumulative experience of brainstem stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). (elsevierpure.com)
  • An MRI at 12 months and 18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography of the brain at 13 months showed decreased edema with no signs of tumor recurrence. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Curcumin reduces fascin expression through JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibition, which interferes with the cellular interactions essential for the metastasis and recurrence of ovarian cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Disease recurrence and mortality rate are associated with the degree of metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overall survival at 12 months after SRS was 32.7% and impacted by age, gender, number of metastases, tumor histology, and performance score. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BC is a highly heterogeneous disease that has been classified according to a variety of characteristics, such as histology, anatomical features (Tumor-Node-Metastasis staging system) ( 4 ), tumor grade and molecular traits. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Nevertheless, the treatment and prevention of CRC remains a global challenge because of the high risk of invasion and metastasis during CRC progression [3]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Primary Myelofibrosis Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, and anemia with nucleated and teardrop-shaped red blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In summary, we demonstrated that the membrane enrichment of WNT7b autocrine probably contributes to CRC metastasis by activating EMT process through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Spinal metastases may result in focal findings at a spinal cord level or nerve root pain. (medscape.com)
  • Although most of them involve the frontal and frontotemporal cortex, a small proportion of them are seen in the ventricular walls (1-10%), cerebellum and exceedingly rarely within the brainstem, spinal cord and leptomeninges. (blogspot.com)
  • Part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord that is referred as central because it combines info from the whole body and coordinated activity over the whole organism. (crgconferences.com)
  • central nervous system disorders will have an effect on either brain or spinal cord that conclusion in psychiatric disorders or neurologic disorders. (crgconferences.com)
  • For childhood neoplasms, it is safe to assume that cancer is the product of degeneration in a neoplastic sense of tissues undergoing very rapid proliferation and differentiation, in which proliferative and differentiative programs are being disturbed by increasingly early (maternal-fetal) exposure to a growing number of environmental stressors and pollutants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Higher miR-133a expression in tumor tissues was associated with development of distant metastasis, advanced Dukes and TNM staging, and poor survival. (hindawi.com)
  • Primary tumor screening proved liver and mediastinal lymph node involvement as well as the presence of a solitary L3 bone metastasis (T4N3M1a). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The patient initially benefited from single tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy from July 2011 to March 2012 followed by combined chemotherapy and TKI treatment from April 2012 to December 2012, achieving next to complete regression of lung, liver, and nodal metastases. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Common signs and symptoms may stem from decreased hepatic synthetic function (eg, coagulopathy), portal hypertension (eg, variceal bleeding), or decreased detoxification capabilities of the liver (eg, hepatic encephalopathy). (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma remains largely unsuccessful, because of metastasis and treatment resistance, and is a serious clinical problem. (lu.se)
  • At the brain tumor laboratory, Henry Brem, M.D. and Betty Tyler , along with more than 350 trainees, have conducted scientific research, contributed to scientific literature, amended clinical practice, and illuminated new pathways for improving clinical outcomes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Studies reliant on molecular detection of tumor-associated virus in isolation, however extensive, are inconclusive because association between PyVs and naturally occurring neoplasms varies and because PyV infections are highly prevalent, yet tumor formation is rare ( 3 , 4 , 12 - 14 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Reexamination of amphotropic murine leukemia virus neurovirulence: neural stem cell-mediated microglial infection fails to induce acute neurodegeneration. (omeka.net)
  • The gene-editing technology CRISPR shows early promise as a therapeutic strategy for the aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain cancer known as primary glioblastoma, according to findings of a new study from Gladstone Institutes. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Our goal is to use neuroblastoma PDXs to comprehensively characterize and target neuroblastoma metastases and treatment resistance. (lu.se)
  • Established in 1895, the Hunterian has a rich history of significant discoveries in neurosurgery, from surgical procedures to modern methods of administering chemotherapy for brain cancer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process by which epithelial cells are converted to mesenchymal cells during embryogenesis, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and tumor metastasis [4, 5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Finally, elevated secretion levels of WNT7b were significantly associated with lymphatic and remote metastasis and predicted worse prognosis in the CRC cohort. (researchsquare.com)