• Microglia were grown in high glucose medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and cultured in a 37℃ cell incubator with 5% CO 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conventional methods for growing animal tissue in culture involves the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS). (wikipedia.org)
  • After the creation of the cell lines, efforts to remove serum from the growth media are key to the advancement of cellular agriculture as fetal bovine serum has been the target of most criticisms of cellular agriculture and cultured meat production. (wikipedia.org)
  • IP: HeLa whole cell lysate. (abcam.com)
  • Western blot detection of human Polycystin-1L2 in HeLa cell lysate. (biosensis.com)
  • Western blot was carried out to detect the expression levels of autophagic-related proteins (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, beclin 1, autophagy related 5, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3, ubiquitin-binding protein p62), glycolysis-related proteins (hexokinase 2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase M2) and activated protein kinase signalling pathway proteins. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The mechanism may be related to the improvement of glycolysis dysfunction and alleviation of autophagy over activation of activated protein kinase. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondria-associated adenylate kinase, and several mitochondria-associated creatine kinase isozymes was highest in the outer retina, whereas expression of cytosolic adenylate kinase and brain creatine kinase was higher in the cones, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells indicating the diversity of ATP-buffering strategies among retinal neurons. (molvis.org)
  • J147 played these roles mainly by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Activation of cAMP protein kinase A (PKA) stimulates pigmentation through cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) dependent upregulation of MITF expression ( Rodríguez and Setaluri, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • GSK2606414 is a novel, highly selective inhibitor of protein kinase R‑like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This process activates protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring kinase 1 and activating transcription factor (ATF) 6, and initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways ( 13 , 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Platelet lysate and several other growth factors sources are alternatives to replace fetal calf serum, the current gold standard in clinical-grade cell culture. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we show that contactin associates with Na v 1.3 in P0 brain tissue and interacts with both the N and C termini of Na v 1.3. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, we examined the subcellular localization and tissue distribution of LPA 1 in embryonic brain. (molcells.org)
  • Cellular agriculture focuses on the production of agricultural products from cell cultures using a combination of biotechnology, tissue engineering, molecular biology, and synthetic biology to create and design new methods of producing proteins, fats, and tissues that would otherwise come from traditional agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Positive Control: Rat heart tissue lysate, rat brain tissue, human colon cancer tissue, human fetal skeletal muscle tissue, mouse cerebellum tissue, SH-SY-5Y. (thermofisher.com)
  • Simple Western ™ analysis of lysates (0.1 mg/mL) from Mouse Brain Tissue Extracts using Tau (D1M9X) XP ® Rabbit #46687. (cellsignal.com)
  • Tau-KO mouse brain tissue was kindly provided by Dr. Dominic Walsh at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. (cellsignal.com)
  • It is a multi-pass transmembrane protein that is expressed in all tissues tested including brain, placenta, mammary gland, testis, lung and liver. (biosensis.com)
  • The methylation status and protein expression levels of RUNX3 were measured by methylation-specific PCR and Western blot in 136 and 72 different malignancy grade glioma tissues, respectively. (hindawi.com)
  • It was originally named PGP9.5 and discovered as a major protein spot on 2D gels of brain extracts which was absent on similar gels of other tissues. (neuromics.com)
  • The antibody works cleanly on appropriate lysates of cell and tissues. (neuromics.com)
  • Using a high-throughput Luminex assay of NSCLC tissues, the present study identified growth associated protein 43 (GAP43), an axonal membrane protein, as an independent predictor of brain metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IL-36α is mainly found in skin and lymphoid tissues, but also in fetal brain, trachea, stomach and intestine. (creativebiomart.net)
  • Product Description google Mouse anti-Polycystic kidney disease protein 1-like 2 Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ELISA. (biosensis.com)
  • Since LPA1 receptors, like all G protein-couple receptors, cannot be easily visualized by an antibody, it is hard to discern the actual localization of the protein. (molcells.org)
  • Various lysates were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 15004-1-AP (TCTN1 antibody) at dilution of 1:800 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
  • After the primary antibody is bound to the target protein, a complex with HRP-linked secondary antibody is formed. (cellsignal.com)
  • Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)
  • Autophagy is a process that relies on lysosomal pathways for the degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and plays an important role in the pathology of brain injury such as hypoxia ischemia[ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Purified GST fusion proteins of the N and C termini of Na v 1.3 pull down contactin from lysates of transfected HEK 293 cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we show that APP can coimmunoprecipitate NEEP21 from nontransgenic mouse brain and from mammalian cells stably coexpressing both proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • All three family proteins physically associate with SMAD proteins, downstream targets of TGF-beta/BMP signalling, and play roles in mammalian development [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The megencephaly mouse, mceph/mceph , is epileptic and displays a dramatically increased brain volume and neuronal count. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In summary, the overexpression of LPA 1 did not affect neuronal migration, and the protein expression of LPA 1 was mainly located in the ventricular zone and cortical plate within the developing mouse cerebral cortex. (molcells.org)
  • The single band at 24 kDa mark corresponds to UCHL1 protein which is detectable in CNS extracts and lysates of cells with neuronal properties. (neuromics.com)
  • Hyperphosphorylated, insoluble aggregates composed of the microtubule associated protein tau define a group of clinically and pathologically diverse neurodegenerative diseases collectively called the tauopathies. (researchsquare.com)
  • The pathological signature in numerous neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular or extracellular protein aggregates composed of amyloid fibrils [ 1 ], such as senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangle composed of β-amyloid, microtubule associated protein tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Lewy bodies composed of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interactions between MCEPH and other Kv1 subunits were studied in cell culture, Xenopus oocytes and the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and Compact disc8 T cell immunity to these protein, while VRPs expressing gp350 didn't induce detectable T cell immunity to MK-8245 gp350. (exatecan-mesylate.com)
  • Brain metastasis is an extremely serious sequela with a dismal prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent years, melanin cell biology has become a broader research field and several important proteins contributing to melanogenesis and melanosome transport have been elucidated, paying the way for identifying melanin synthesis inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Ras signaling can be thought of in simple terms as occuring downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, triggered by association of adaptor proteins with the phosphorylated cytoplasmic tails of these receptors. (sdbonline.org)
  • In this study we show that contactin coimmunoprecipitates with Na v 1.3 from postnatal day 0 rat brain where this channel is abundant, and from human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with Na v 1.3 (HEK-Na v 1.3). (jneurosci.org)
  • To investigate the APP in vivo interactome in an unbiased manner, we generated mice that harbor a mouse prion protein promoter-driven cDNA encoding human APP-695 fused to a C-terminal affinity tag. (jneurosci.org)
  • To assess the native APP interactome in brain, we generated mice expressing human APP-695 fused to a C-terminal affinity tag (APP-AT). (jneurosci.org)
  • The tau protein exists as multiple protein isoforms in the adult human CNS, generated by alternative splicing of the MAPT gene. (researchsquare.com)
  • Tau is present in the adult human CNS as multiple protein isoforms generated by alternative splicing, with either 0, 1 or 2 N-terminal inserts (0N, 1N, 2N) and either 3 or 4 C-terminal repeats (3R, 4R)(4). (researchsquare.com)
  • are highly expressed in the human brain and show a strikingly similar regional distribution. (biorxiv.org)
  • This protease activity has recently been ascribed to serine metalloprotease(s), including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), which was first detected in human follicular fluid nearly 20 yr ago. (bioone.org)
  • The present study investigated the effects of GSK2606414 on proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • AD is pathologically characterized by the deposition of pathogenic Aβ peptides that are derived from larger integral membrane proteins, termed β-amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). (jneurosci.org)
  • Using this tag, we prepared mild detergent lysates from transgenic mouse brain cortical membrane preparations and isolated a number of previously identified APP-interacting proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Aβ is liberated from type I integral membrane proteins, termed β-amyloid precursor proteins (APPs), by the concerted action of β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase (for review, see Selkoe, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • It translocates to the nuclear membrane upon stimulation, where it co-localizes with 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) and cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purification of APP-AT protein complexes and identification of the constituents by mass spectrometry revealed several previously reported APP-interacting proteins as well as proteins involved in synaptic maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • The p53 interacting partner protein NUMB (homology of numb protein) preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry by preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p53 catalyzed by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase 11 . (nature.com)
  • Several types of cellular stress, including hypoxia ( 8 ), infection ( 9 ), nutrient deprivation ( 10 ), oxidative stress ( 11 ) and dysfunctional calcium homeostasis ( 12 ), may induce accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Glial brain tumours originating from glial cells are intracranial solid neoplasms. (hindawi.com)
  • According to classification system of the World Health Organisation (WHO) based on histological evaluation, brain tumour grade is determined by necrotic cells in the centre of the tumour, increased mitotic activity, the presence of nuclear pleomorphism, and angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Animal studies demonstrated that GAP43-silenced NSCLC cells were less likely to metastasize to the brain and bone than control cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT), 1819 proteins were identified for both conditions, where 150 (8.2%) were considered differentially regulated (up- or down-regulated and unique in biofilm cells). (bvsalud.org)
  • A total of 550 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in ZIKVAFR- or ZIKVBR-infected cells compared to the control. (bvsalud.org)
  • Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3 -knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3 -overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
  • The front line of this barrier is composed of epithelial cells and apical junctional complexes encompassing tight junction (TJ) proteins and adherens junctions between adjacent epithelial cells [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In unstimulated cells, p50:p65 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by inhibitory proteins known as NF-κB inhibitors (IκBs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, determining the specific lncRNA(s) that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway in microglia will help effectively intervene inflammation in the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings suggest that GAP43 is an independent predictor of NSCLC brain metastasis and that it may facilitate metastasis by regulating the Rac1/F-actin pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The accumulation of Aβ within the brain is hypothesized to be the causative agent in Alzheimer's disease ( Walsh and Selkoe, 2004 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The results demonstrate that RUNX3 gene methylation and protein expression downregulation are glioma malignancy dependent and contribute to tumour progression. (hindawi.com)
  • The Affymetrix data revealed varied gene expression patterns of the ATP synthesizing and regulating enzymes found in the muscle, liver, and brain. (molvis.org)
  • We observed gain of functions in VHL mutations, thereby stabilizing HIF2α protein and reprograming HIF2α genome-wide target gene transcriptional programs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Germline heterozygous mutation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene, located on 3p25.3, encoding VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), has been identified as the leading cause of VHL disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumor. (excli.de)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor, accounting for almost half of all primary malignant central nervous system tumors (Ostrom et al. (excli.de)
  • Western blot analysis of extracts from mouse and rat brain using Phospho-Tau (Thr181) (D9F4G) Rabbit mAb. (cellsignal.com)
  • We found that the MCEPH protein is expressed in the brain of mceph/mceph mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The megencephaly mice express a truncated Kv1.1 in the brain, and constitute a unique tool to study Kv1.1 trafficking relevant for understanding epilepsy, ataxia and pathologic brain overgrowth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded liver (left) or brain (right) from C57BL/6NTac (wt/wt, model #B6-F, top) and APOE4 knock-in (hu/hu, model #1549-F, bottom) mice using ApoE (pan) (D7I9N) Rabbit mAb. (cellsignal.com)
  • The predicted MCEPH protein is truncated at amino acid 230 out of 495. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The predicted truncated Kv1.1 protein (MCEPH) will retain only the N-terminal (T1) domain, the first transmembrane domain (S1) and the first extracellular loop. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, high Kv1.1 mRNA levels in mceph/mceph brain indicated that it escaped this control mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) is an extremely abundant protein of brain, where it is localized only in neurons. (neuromics.com)
  • Immunohistochemical study of brain sections showed IR-mediated increased expression of 5-LOX in the neurons and microglia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, we have found that a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins are involved in the response to acupuncture therapy in hypertensive rats. (hindawi.com)
  • The addition of an affinity tag allowed us to avoid the use of antibodies targeted toward the intracellular C-terminal tail of APP, a region to which a number of reported interacting proteins bind ( King and Turner, 2004 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RIP sequencing were carried out in rat microglia (RM). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accordingly, the protein levels of p-p65/p65 and p-ΙκΒα/ΙκΒα were reduced in the Tug1-overexpression microglia and elevated in the Tug1-knockdown microglia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numbers studies have confirmed that microglia are activated in brains of SE, causing a rapid and intense inflammatory cascade[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polycystin-1L2 may function as an ion-channel regulator and as a G-protein-coupled receptor. (biosensis.com)
  • UCHL1 is an essential enzyme and defects in UCHL1 protein expression are involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other more serious disease states. (neuromics.com)
  • Our bioinformatics study suggests an association between these miRNAs and proteins, which include miR-339 and sirtuin 2 (Sirt2). (hindawi.com)
  • one involves immunization with the major glycoprotein (gp350) on the outside of the computer virus, while the other involves vaccination with EBV proteins expressed during latency. (exatecan-mesylate.com)
  • while in other brain areas, their expression patterns differ. (biorxiv.org)
  • ATF4 induces expression of the proapoptotic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), which mediates PERK-induced apoptosis ( 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • They were evaluated at 24 h after reperfusion for brain infarction, neurological deficit score, and the expression of 5-LOX. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ataxia telangiectasia Rad3-related (ATR) protein responds to UV damage, whereas the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein responds to double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by ionizing radiation and radiomimetic compounds. (medscape.com)
  • Gliomas are the most common and aggressive among primary malignant brain tumours with significant inter- and intratumour heterogeneity in histology, molecular profile, and patient outcome. (hindawi.com)
  • Total protein, biochemical, and growth factors quantitative data showed consistent and reproducible values across batches. (bvsalud.org)
  • Brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) triggers a complex series of biochemical events including inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RUNX3 protein is a transcription factor, containing a highly conserved DNA binding domain which binds to a DNA core motif of 5′ pyGpyGGT 3′ designated as a "runt domain, RD" which shares a sequence similarity with D. melanogaster RUNX. (hindawi.com)
  • pVHL is best known as the substrate-binding subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which binds the transcription elongation factors C and B (elongin C/B) forms the VCB complex, then interacts with Cullin-2 (CUL2) and the RING finger protein RBX1 forming the VCB-CR complex(3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)
  • Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
  • Address correspondence to: Paolo Giacobini, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition UMR-S 1172, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille, France. (jci.org)
  • The extract of M. charantia can cross the blood‒brain barrier and exert neuroprotective effects, which has been supported by several animal studies of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including studies with models of high-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation (Nerurkar et al. (excli.de)
  • The present study aimed to identify novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for brain metastases of NSCLC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inhibition of these above proteins could significantly suppress melanosome transport, which is an important mechanism for developing skin whitening agents. (frontiersin.org)
  • In an attempt to understand the function of APP, in vitro studies have focused on the identification of interacting proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of Tg2576 mouse brain, untreated (left) or Lambda Protein Phosphatase-treated (right), using Phospho-Tau (Ser404) (D2Z4G) Rabbit mAb (red) and GFAP (GA5) Mouse mAb #3670 (green). (cellsignal.com)
  • Considerable interest has been focused on the detection of UCHL1 in the blood and CSF of patients with traumatic injuries to the brain or spinal cord. (neuromics.com)
  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease produced by low levels of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein that affects alpha motoneurons in the spinal cord. (mdpi.com)
  • We performed high-throughput Luminex assays to profile the transcriptional levels of 36 genes in 70 operable NSCLC patients, among whom 37 developed brain metastases as the first relapse within 3 years after surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between genes and brain metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, much is still unknown about the exact mechanisms of brain metastasis, and little has been translated to clinical research and application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FBS is a blood product extracted from fetal calves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Western blot analysis of normal mouse brain and Tau KO (-/-) mouse brain with Phospho-Tau (Thr181) (D9F4G) Rabbit mAb (upper) and β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). (cellsignal.com)