• Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was conducted followed by reperfusion for 24 hours to make ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice that received GSPE (MCAOG, n=60) or normal saline (MCAONS, n=60). (cams.cn)
  • A. High signal intensity was detected on T2WI in brain tissue of MCAOG mice, indicating cerebral infarction (arrow). (cams.cn)
  • When we talk about diffuse cerebral anoxia, the term "selective (or regional) vulnerability" is commonly used to imply that certain brain regions are affected more than others. (ajnr.org)
  • This results in cerebral watershed-region injuries. (ajnr.org)
  • Limperopoulos et al reported unilateral cerebellar atrophy following contralateral cerebral injuries and vice versa in preterm babies. (ajnr.org)
  • Abstract Background The precise underlying mechanism of antioxidant effects of dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia has not yet been fully elucidated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, we determined whether dexmedetomidine increases Nrf2/HO-1 expression after global transient cerebral ischemia and assessed the involvement of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in the dexmedetomidine-related antioxidant mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
  • 5 mg.kg-1 IV administered 30 min before cerebral ischemia) (n = 8), dexmedetomidine (100 µg.kg-1 IP administered 30 min before cerebral ischemia (n = 8), and dexmedetomidine + chelerythrine (n = 8). (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusion Preischemic dexmedetomidine administration elicited neuroprotection against global transient cerebral ischemia in rats by increasing Nrf2/HO-1 expression partly via PKC signaling, suggesting that this is the antioxidant mechanism underlying dexmedetomidine-mediated neuroprotection. (bvsalud.org)
  • This dissertation research focused on focal cerebral ischemia, using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats and mice. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Previous studies have shown that intracerebral administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) reduces ischemia-mediated cerebral infarction. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Conclusion GSPE administration protects mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury through attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and activating antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px. (cams.cn)
  • Experiments on animals indicate that during artificial ventilation, oxidative metabolism in the brain stem and cerebellum becomes abnormal even if it is not preceded by hypoxia. (ajnr.org)
  • This study suggests that the exacerbation of brain oxidative stress following RCBI plays a mechanistic role in accelerating Αβ accumulation and behavioral impairments in the Tg2576 mice. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Immunohistopathological analysis of brain tissues at 24 h after reperfusion was performed for neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), CD34, Bcl-2, and Bax. (cams.cn)
  • Importantly, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is particularly damaging to ischemic brains and was found to play a role in the pathophysiology of hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal death [ 4 ]. (medsci.org)
  • In addition to inhibiting neuronal cell death, therapeutic treatments targeting inflammasome activation may also provide beneficial effects by reducing the potentially detrimental consequences of activated microglia and infiltrating CD11b+ leukocytes following penetrating traumatic brain injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been known to accelerate bone healing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traumatic brain injury remains a significant cause of death and disability in the USA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a recent study, we used a rodent model of penetrating traumatic brain injury known as penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) to examine the role of innate immunity in post-traumatic secondary injury mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results provide evidence for inflammasome activation in microglia and infiltrating leukocytes after penetrating traumatic brain injury and a role for pyroptotic cell death in the pathophysiology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traumatic brain injury is a well-recognized environmental risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Saffron and its constituents have been shown to decrease ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in kidney or brain tissues. (medscape.com)
  • This review examines the major deleterious effects of alcohol on immunity following tissue damage or traumatic injury, with a focus on alcohol's influence on the ability of the immune and major organ systems to fight disease and to repair damaged tissues following injury. (nih.gov)
  • Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract on Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury △ [J].Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, 2017, 32(2): 92-99. (cams.cn)
  • Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) extract and its active constituents (crocin and safranal) on ischemia-reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, the effects of saffron ethanolic extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, were evaluated in skeletal muscle during I/R injury. (medscape.com)
  • The ethanolic extract of saffron (5, 20 and 80 mg kg(-1)), crocin (50, 200 and 400 mg kg(-1)), safranal (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 ml kg(-1)) and normal saline (10 ml kg(-1)) were administered intraperitoneally 1 h prior reperfusion. (medscape.com)
  • Mice underwent brain T2WI imaging with a 3T animal MRI scanner 24 hours after reperfusion, and the stroke volume of brains were calculated according to abnormal signal intensity. (cams.cn)
  • Stroke area after ischemia-reperfusion brain injury was measured by brain MRI (T2WI) 24 h after MCAO. (cams.cn)
  • Accumulating evidence suggests that NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays an important role in ischemic stroke injury. (medsci.org)
  • Astrocytes exposed to 2, 3, and 4 h of OGD exhibited increased cell injury and apoptosis, and the protein levels of caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and IL-1β were also significantly elevated. (medsci.org)
  • Interestingly, pretreatment with the caspase-12-specific inhibitor Z-ATAD-FMK attenuated cell injury and apoptosis and decreased the levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and cleaved caspase-3 in the OGD group. (medsci.org)
  • 6 All of these mechanisms support diffuse cerebellar injury, but not a focal one in the vermis. (ajnr.org)
  • Brain stem injury may also occur in premature babies, reflecting increased metabolic activity, particularly of cranial nerve nuclei. (ajnr.org)
  • In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the NLRP3 inflammasome in primary mouse astrocytes and investigated the role of caspase-12 in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell injury in an in vitro astrocyte oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. (medsci.org)
  • However, there is limited evidence of other downstream mechanisms of caspase-12 in astrocytes subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. (medsci.org)
  • During a mild-to-moderate reduction in perfusion, the brain's autoregulatory mechanisms preserve blood flow to the brain stem, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. (ajnr.org)
  • histopathologic changes and levels of nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic HO-1 were examined 24 hours after ischemia insult. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glutathione peroxidation (GSH-Px) activity and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) of brain tissue were also examined. (cams.cn)
  • Comparison of NeuN and CD34 expression in the brain tissue of MCAONS and MCAOG group 24 hours after reperfusion by immunohistochemistry. (cams.cn)
  • The severity of trauma, reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery (i.e., hemorrhagic shock, referred to as shock in this article), and tissue injury is greater in intoxicated victims than in sober victims, resulting in higher mortality rates in the alcohol-consuming patient population (Pories et al. (nih.gov)
  • The same dietary regimens were maintained up to 8 weeks post-injury, when the animals were killed for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses after behavioral evaluation. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • 1992). Although immediate mortality from traumatic injury has improved significantly as a result of aggressive resuscitation, long-term morbidity and mortality continue to be unacceptably high during the recovery period. (nih.gov)
  • GSPE may represent a new therapeutical direction for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. (cams.cn)
  • Achieving sufficient drug delivery across the BBB into the brain is a key challenge for the treatment of CNS diseases, which sieves out major proportion of therapeutics [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alcohol consumption contributes to increased incidence and severity of traumatic injury. (nih.gov)
  • The incidence of traumatic injury in alcohol-intoxicated individuals continues to escalate. (nih.gov)
  • Head injury is the most common birth-related injury and is usually minor, but serious injuries sometimes occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Thus, selective vulnerability depends on the patient's age (or "brain maturity") and the severity and duration of the hypoxic event. (ajnr.org)
  • This study aimed to explore whether GSPE administration can protect mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. (cams.cn)
  • Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild neurological impairment that may have motor, sensory, visual, speech, cognitive manifestations, or a combination thereof, to comatose states and brain death [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 0.05) in brains of MCAOG mice compared to those of MCAONS mice. (cams.cn)
  • Repetitive concussive brain injury (RCBI) exacerbates brain lipid peroxidation, accelerates amyloid (Aβ) formation and deposition, as well as cognitive impairments in Tg2576 mice. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Eleven-month-old mice were randomized to receive either regular chow or chow-supplemented with vitamin E for 4 weeks, and subjected to RCBI (two injuries, 24 h apart) using a modified controlled cortical impact model of closed head injury. (thestemcellfoundation.com)
  • Data from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, as well as data derived from prospective and retrospective studies, show that up to 40 percent of victims of traumatic injury have positive blood alcohol concentrations (BAC), with 35 percent presenting with blood alcohol levels above the legal limit of intoxication (Beech and Mercadel 1998). (nih.gov)
  • Germinal matrix hemorrhages are due to reperfusion of the arterial system supplying the periventricular regions and to rupture of the walls of blood vessels previously damaged by ischemia. (ajnr.org)
  • Besides, loading natural cargoes, exosomes can deliver drugs cross the blood brain barrier, making them emerging candidates of biomarkers and therapeutics for CNS diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Injury to the cerebellar germinal matrix may result in peripheral cerebellar bleeds. (ajnr.org)
  • Moreover, the recovery of glucose metabolism in three specific brain regions, the striatum, superior colliculus, and inferior colliculus, was observed after preconditioning with RA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared with patients who do not consume alcohol, alcohol-consuming patients have higher rates of long-term morbidity and mortality during recovery from injury. (nih.gov)
  • ASC specks may be also taken up by phagocytic cells around the injury periphery, including the infiltrating leukocytes and the resident-activated microglia [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Injuries resulting from events or circumstances that are unforeseen, unplanned, unanticipated, and without premeditation. (nih.gov)
  • If perfusion is markedly reduced, all of the brain is affected, but the areas with higher metabolism such as the cerebellar cortex, hippocampi, deep gray nuclei, and peri-Rolandic cortices suffer the most. (ajnr.org)
  • Animals were sacrificed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after reperfusion and levels of expression of GFRa-1 and c-Ret mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization histochemistry. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Hind limb ischemia was induced using clamping the common femoral artery and vein. (medscape.com)
  • These patterns of injuries are commonly seen in adults and in older children, but they are less common in neonates. (ajnr.org)
  • This behavior is highly conducive to unintentional or accidental traumatic injury, which according to the National Vital Statistics Reports is the leading cause of years of potential life lost (YPLL) before age 45. (nih.gov)
  • the combination of alcohol use and injury results in increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral pathogens. (nih.gov)