• In order to obtain the most unbiased estimate of how whole-brain network states evolve through the human sleep cycle, we used a Markovian data-driven analysis of continuous neuroimaging data from 57 healthy participants falling asleep during simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and EEG. (nature.com)
  • Divergence in the Functional Organization of Human and Macaque Auditory Cortex Revealed by fMRI Responses to Harmonic Tones. (mit.edu)
  • Viewing behavior provides a window into many central aspects of human cognition and health, and it is an important variable in many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. (mpg.de)
  • The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of selective REM sleep deprivation (REM-D) on emotional responses to threatening visual stimuli and their brain correlates using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). (frontiersin.org)
  • Previously, using simultaneous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and photometry-based neuronal calcium recordings in the anesthetized rat, we identified blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses directly related to slow calcium waves, revealing a cortex-wide and spatially organized correlate of locally recorded neuronal activity (Schwalm et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here we identified neural representations about how tools are typically manipulated within left anterior temporal cortex, by shifting a searchlight classifier through whole-brain real action fMRI data when participants grasped 3D-printed tools in ways considered typical for use (i.e., by their handle). (nature.com)
  • To test across the whole-brain which regions are sensitive to learned tool-use knowledge, we applied whole-brain searchlights to an fMRI dataset in which participants performed real hand actions with 3D-printed tools. (nature.com)
  • Among currently useful ways of determining regional brain activity are the electrophysiologic monitoring of wakefulness and sleep by using the techniques of electroencephalography (EEG), polysomnography (PSG), and functional MR imaging (fMRI). (ajnr.org)
  • Now, experimental psychology is striving to understand how animals perceive and encode temporal intervals, whereas physiology, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and EEG unmask how neurons and brain regions underlie temporal computations. (jneurosci.org)
  • Functional neuroimaging techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), are non-invasive tools to examine typical and atypical brain development, informing clinicians and researchers of possible neural anomalies. (centreforbrainhealth.ca)
  • This project will combine MEG and fMRI to obtain temporal and spatial properties of brain activity, leveraging complementary information on when and where neural activity occurs during cognitive tasks and at rest and to develop neurocognitive biomarkers for abnormal brain development. (centreforbrainhealth.ca)
  • In visual cortex, stimulation outside the classical receptive field can decrease neural activity and also decrease functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signal amplitudes. (zotero.org)
  • An increasing number of studies harness resting-state fMRI functional connectivity analysis to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of insomnia. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the XX century, in the process of treating epilepsy, Wilder Penfield produced maps of the location of various functions (motor, sensory, memory, vision) in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In their studies, Nicolelis and his colleagues implanted the microelectrodes, smaller than the diameter of a human hair, into regions of the brain responsible for a range of functions -- including sensory processing, motor function and memory formation. (news-medical.net)
  • That is, trains of spikes in Purkinje cells (or their absence) will not induce a sensory percept although they may ultimately affect some behaviors (such as eye movements ). (scholarpedia.org)
  • One thing is for certain: the scientific solution to the question will tell them a lot about these functions in terms of sensory input and functional output. (georgetown.edu)
  • Consequently, our current understanding describes saccades and pursuit as two outcomes of a synergistic sensorimotor process, sharing sensory inputs, anatomic pathways, and functional regulation ( Orban de Xivry and Lefèvre, 2007 ). (eneuro.org)
  • Saccadometry is an advanced ocular motor test that allows for the functional evaluation of the varied brain regions and circuits involved in the generation of fast, appropriate, purposeful, and accurate saccadic eye movements. (interacoustics.com)
  • A cortical substrate for the long-term memory of saccadic eye movements calibration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In neuroscience, functional specialization is a theory which suggests that different areas in the brain are specialized for different functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stemming from phrenology, this theory supports functional specialization, suggesting the brain has different modules that are domain specific in function. (wikipedia.org)
  • results like these allow inferences to be made about brain specialization and localization, also known as using a double dissociation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brain-like functional specialization emerges spontaneously in deep neural networks. (mit.edu)
  • Functional specialization in the lateral frontal cortex: The role of the inferior frontal junction in cognitive control. (mpg.de)
  • Dysfunctional brains -- not dysfunctional families -- may explain some murders, especially when the murderer comes from a "good" home, according to research published in the current issue of the journal Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We have interviewed neurologists Dr. Glen Zielinski and Dr. João Lemos, to learn how they use oculomotor testing in functional neurology and otoneurology, respectively. (interacoustics.com)
  • Functional Neurology: What is it And Where is the Evidence? (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • A recent article has hit the Journal of Chiropractic and Manual Therapies concluding that their search parameters found "no acceptable evidence on the effect or benefit of FN [functional neurology] in relation to various conditions and purported indications for intervention [1]. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • However, a second look shows us that this is not a statement on the state of evidence for functional neurology, but an opportunity to broadly discuss what it comprises, how it can improve human function and where we can find the evidence. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • The search parameters were limited to the journal Functional Neurology, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, which one could assume would be well versed in the nature and practice of FN. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • One thing is abundantly clear though - there's plenty of evidence for functional neurology. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • It's something practiced in a variety of health professions, but you won't find it by typing "Functional Neurology" into a journal's search field. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • He didn't exactly seek to coin the term 'functional neurology. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • On a practical level, that is exactly what functional neurology seeks to do. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • The term 'functional neurology' was used to describe our goal of increasing human function - not just returning it but increasing it. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • When we talk about a functional approach to neurology we are simply talking about increasing human function or increasing the probability that people will be able to do all that they were destined to do or perhaps a little bit more. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • So that's functional neurology in a nutshell," explains Professor Carrick. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • When we talk about functional neurology, there is more evidence published in the literature than one could ever read in a lifetime. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • Its just not delineated as functional neurology. (spinalresearch.com.au)
  • Cognitive Decline and Dementia Strategies using a Functional Neurology/Medicine Model. (uschirodirectory.com)
  • Hashimoto's Clinical Strategies using a Functional Neurology/Medicine Model. (uschirodirectory.com)
  • Through our collaborations with investigators in both basic science and clinical departments, including the departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Neurology and Public Health, our research also focuses on brain systems involved in spatial navigation and decision-making as well as cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, depression and anxiety. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The above definition of Neural Correlates of Consciousness stresses the attribute minimal because the entire brain is clearly sufficient to give rise to consciousness. (scholarpedia.org)
  • It should be noted that discovering and characterizing the Neural Correlates of Consciousness in brains is not the same as a theory of consciousness . (scholarpedia.org)
  • The current experiments examined motor learning under compatible and incompatible perceptual/motor conditions to identify brain areas involved in different perceptual-motor transformations. (mit.edu)
  • Children use visual perceptual processing skills to gather visual information from the environment, while our brain integrates this information with all our other senses. (therapyshoppe.com)
  • Children who don't have effective visual perceptual skills may appear clumsy and uncoordinated, have difficulty with eye movement skills, left and right concepts, struggle with focusing, and have many other functional challenges. (therapyshoppe.com)
  • Our results contribute to understanding the tasks and behavioral measures for which saliency models are best suited as predictors of human behavior, the relationship across various perceptual tasks, and the factors contributing to observer variability in fixational eye movements. (zotero.org)
  • Abstract Previous imaging work has shown that the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) are specifically activated during the passive observation of shifts in eye gaze [Pelphrey, K. A., Singerman, J. D., Allison, T., & McCarthy, G. Brain activation evoked by perception of gaze shifts: The influence of context. (nih.gov)
  • Inter-subject correlation (ISC) of brain activity was significantly higher during the potential organ donor's perspective in dorsolateral and inferior prefrontal, lateral and inferior occipital, and inferior-anterior temporal areas. (aalto.fi)
  • Stevens et al recorded EEGs during 2 resting conditions (eyes closed and eyes opened) and 2 tasks (mental arithmetic and a lexical decision), with the aim of determining which temporal and spatial EEG descriptors change with cognitive decline and normal aging. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig and the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience in Trondheim have now developed software that uses artificial intelligence to directly predict eye position and eye movements from MRI images. (mpg.de)
  • This provides a dynamic resource for psychology and neuroscience, with specialised laboratories for investigating brain activity. (essex.ac.uk)
  • Understanding the molecular-cellular organization of the human brain is a central goal of fundamental neuroscience, and carries immense opportunity for translational and clinical applications. (centreforbrainhealth.ca)
  • Combining this functional system together with review of systems neuroscience, graph theory, tensiometry and complexity theory. (uschirodirectory.com)
  • Understanding the mechanism by which the brain’s hundred billion neurons and hundred trillion synapses manage to produce such a range of cortical configurations in a flexible manner remains a fundamental problem in neuroscience. (zotero.org)
  • Aberrant abilities to stabilize the eyes associated with pathological saccades, pursuits and vestibular eye movements may be evaluated at the bedside. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • demonstrated that catch-up saccades were less likely to occur when the target re-crosses the fovea within 40-180 ms. To date, there is no mechanistic explanation for how the trigger decision is made by the brain. (eneuro.org)
  • The mechanism by which the brain decides when to trigger discrete catch-up saccades during continuous smooth pursuit has eluded researchers for decades. (eneuro.org)
  • Thus, accurate tracking requires a synergistic coordination of saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements to overcome retinal position and velocity mismatches, respectively. (eneuro.org)
  • For a long time, it was believed that saccades and smooth pursuit were controlled by independent functional and anatomic systems in the brain ( Robinson, 1986 ). (eneuro.org)
  • Effects of structural and functional cerebellar lesions on sensorimotor adaptation of saccades. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Saccades and eye-head coordination in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The advent of modern neuroimaging techniques and network analyses has been explored to map and characterise spontaneous large-scale brain activity during wakefulness with high-spatiotemporal precision. (nature.com)
  • In recent years, the use of newer and combined techniques for the evaluation of brain activity during wakefulness and sleep has added new perspectives to our understanding of these different states. (ajnr.org)
  • Lateral view of the brain. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Anatomic subdivisions can be further segregated into 3 morphological and functional areas: lateral, medial, and periventricular. (medscape.com)
  • Located just behind the forehead, the prefrontal cortex has been shown (in animal research) to be involved in inhibiting the functions of the limbic system, a far deeper area of the brain that gives rise to aggressive behavior. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Such capability is broadly important because it is the first physiological measurement that can reveal the global behavior of the brain, including the broad coordination of so many areas. (news-medical.net)
  • Eye movement behavior during normal reading seems to confirm this hypothesis. (univ-paris5.fr)
  • Since previous research has highlighted the importance of eye movement behavior in the treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms and how they interact with other potential risk factors for PTSD. (lu.se)
  • Imitative response tendencies in patients with frontal brain lesions. (mpg.de)
  • This clinical applications series is an advanced clinical experience that expands the clinicians ability to utilize eye movements to understand, diagnose and treat disorders of the nervous system. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • Brain activity during REM sleep was previously found to be important in mood disorders, memory, and learning. (ajnr.org)
  • Because behavioural signs are often discovered much later than the onset of alterations in the brain, finding disrupted brain functions using neuroimaging techniques allows for identification of neurodevelopmental disorders. (centreforbrainhealth.ca)
  • The team seeks to advance policies and practices to optimize brain health in vulnerable populations while destigmatizing these brain disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • After tracking down six individuals who claimed to be able to have lucid dreams almost nightly, the team used both functional MRI scanning and near-infrared spectroscopy to observe each person's brain activity as they clenched a hand while awake. (newscientist.com)
  • In their study on rats, they demonstrated that they could distinguish in unprecedented detail the patterns of brain activity -- including fleeting changes in communication among brain structures -- in awake animals, as they fall sleep and as they transition among different sleep stages. (news-medical.net)
  • An increasingly elaborate landscape seems to be emerging in which the organization of brain functions may vary substantially and even fundamentally, depending on whether the brain is awake or asleep in the conventional sense. (ajnr.org)
  • Patients with locked-in syndrome have intact cognitive function and are awake, with eye opening and normal sleep-wake cycles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • On-going brain activity is recorded from a low number of EEG electrodes and typically categorised into wakefulness, rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep and-according to the most recent set of guidelines-three stages of non-REM (NREM) sleep (N1-N3) 2 . (nature.com)
  • Odor re-exposure was ineffective during rapid eye movement sleep or wakefulness or when the odor had been omitted during prior learning. (nih.gov)
  • Locked-in syndrome is a state of wakefulness and awareness with quadriplegia and paralysis of the lower cranial nerves, resulting in inability to show facial expression, move, speak, or communicate, except by coded eye movements. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some of the overarching questions are as follows: How do brains encode and decode information that streams in through time? (jneurosci.org)
  • Representations in various regions of the brain such as hippocampus and associational cortices can encode sensorimotor or cognitive variables such as space, time, attention, contexts or actions. (centreforbrainhealth.ca)
  • Incompatible learning also led to increasing activity in the precentral gyrus, maximal in the putative frontal eye fields. (mit.edu)
  • The Human Frontal Eye Fields: Involvement in visual Encoding and Preparation of Finger Movements. (mpg.de)
  • Discussion of functional neuroanatomy and laterality, as well as clinical implications of dysfunction of these networks with specific conditions. (uschirodirectory.com)
  • 20. Bakan P. Hypnotizability, laterality of eye movement and functional brain asymmetry. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inhibition of imitative and overlearned responses: A functional double dissociation. (mpg.de)
  • In fact, during the 1970s, most clinicians regarded functional assessment as an effort to measure the unmeasurable. (medscape.com)
  • Clinicians rate how independent or dependent patients are in performing these functional tasks. (medscape.com)
  • These functional alterations of brain networks may underlie dysfunctional affective and cognitive processing in insomnia and contribute to subjectively and objectively impaired sleep. (bvsalud.org)
  • Relation of cortical areas MT and MST to pursuit eye movements. (crossref.org)
  • Both techniques show which areas of the brain are active by measuring oxygenated blood. (newscientist.com)
  • Murderers from relatively benign backgrounds are more likely to have reduced activity in two key brain areas than murderers from homes wracked by conflict, deprivation and abuse, Dr. Raine reports. (sciencedaily.com)
  • PET scans measure the uptake of blood sugar (glucose) in various brain areas during the performance of simple, repetitive tasks. (sciencedaily.com)
  • During slow wave activity, we find a correlation between the occurring slow wave events and the strength of functional connectivity between different cortical areas. (elifesciences.org)
  • Brain imaging studies demonstrate increasing activity in limb motor areas during early motor skill learning, consistent with functional reorganization occurring at the motor output level. (mit.edu)
  • The results show that learning-related increases of brain activity are dynamic, with recruitment of multiple motor output areas, contingent on task demands. (mit.edu)
  • Taken together, these results suggest that during social perspective-taking different brain areas can be flexibly recruited depending on the nature of the perspective that is taken. (aalto.fi)
  • Next, the main structural areas of the brain will be surveyed with some of their major functions. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Furthermore, precuneus and surrounding posteromedial areas are amongst the brain structures displaying the highest resting metabolic rates (hot spots) and are characterized by transient decreases in the tonic activity during engagement in non-self-referential goal-directed actions (default mode of brain function). (blogspot.com)
  • If areas of the brain start to disconnect or become fragmented and balkanized, as occurs in deep sleep or in anesthesia, consciousness fades and might cease altogether. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Synopses of all Brodmann and subcortical areas and relation to specific functional networks and hubs. (uschirodirectory.com)
  • Review of specific examination findings related to Brodmann areas, lobes of the brain, subcortical areas and networks. (uschirodirectory.com)
  • Functional Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of the Cortex and Brodmann areas. (uschirodirectory.com)
  • Brain function relies on communication between large populations of neurons across multiple brain areas, a full understanding of which would require knowledge of the time-varying activity of all neurons in the central nervous system. (zotero.org)
  • However, the specific functional contributions of areas along this pathway remain elusive due in part to methodological differences across studies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both areas contained saccade-related activity that predicted the direction/timing of eye movements. (elifesciences.org)
  • An elderly woman with difficulty reading and abnormal eye movements. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions These findings provide definitive evidence for the role of PURA in causing a variable syndrome of neurodevelopmental delay, learning disability, neonatal hypotonia, feeding difficulties, abnormal movements and epilepsy in humans, and help clarify the role of PURA in the previously described 5q31.3 microdeletion phenotype. (bmj.com)
  • Here we use light-sheet microscopy to record activity, reported through the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G, from the entire volume of the brain of the larval zebrafish in vivo at 0.8 Hz, capturing more than 80% of all neurons at single-cell resolution. (zotero.org)
  • Demonstrating how this technique can be used to reveal functionally defined circuits across the brain, we identify two populations of neurons with correlated activity patterns. (zotero.org)
  • The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Based on these observations, the dopamine neu- from dopamine neurons implanted into the brain pa- rons used for transplantation in these experiments renchyma with the goal of reinnervating the dener- were neuroblasts obtained from mid-trimester rat vated striatum.8,9 Rats with unilateral, 6-hydroxydo- fetuses. (lu.se)
  • These findings suggest that down-up transitions of neuronal excitability can drive cortex-wide functional connectivity. (elifesciences.org)
  • This study provides further evidence that changes in functional connectivity are dependent on the brain's current state, directly linked to the generation of slow waves. (elifesciences.org)
  • The ubiquity of fluctuating activity states which influence ongoing brain dynamics calls for a state-dependent assessment of resting state functional connectivity ( Tagliazucchi and Laufs, 2014 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The used algorithms are focused on the processing of intracranial EEG to detect high frequency events and to compute functional brain connectivity. (isibrno.cz)
  • The results to date are inconsistent and the detection of minor and widely distributed alterations in functional connectivity requires large sample sizes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study investigated associations between insomnia symptoms and resting-state functional connectivity at the whole-brain level in the largest sample to date. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aprataxin is located in the nucleus of cells and is produced in various tissues, including the brain, spinal cord, and muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Like the spinal cord, the brain is covered and partially protected by connective tissue meninges. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The most inferior part of the brain, the medulla oblongata, appears as a thickening of the spinal cord. (lumenlearning.com)
  • About half the patients in rehabilitation have chronic neurologic disease, including stroke, brain dysfunction, spinal cord dysfunction, debility, and other neurologic conditions, such as multiple sclerosis. (medscape.com)
  • This module outlines the structural and functional relationships of the human brain. (lumenlearning.com)
  • However, to date, little is known about brain structural abnormalities underlying this association. (bvsalud.org)
  • several essential nutrients during the early stages of life has profound effects on the nervous system structural and functional development. (who.int)
  • and slow wave activity, dominated by a cortex-wide BOLD component, suggesting a strong functional coupling of inter-cortical activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • We observed an age-related increase in brain activity in the right supplementary motor area (BA6), the right orbitofrontal cortex (BA11), and the left dorsolateral frontal cortex (BA10). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Language learning in the adult brain: disrupting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex facilitates word-form learning. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, due to visual feedback delay and sensorimotor noise, the eye can progressively lag behind the target ( Krauzlis and Lisberger, 1994a ). (eneuro.org)
  • Visually guided behaviors require the brain to transform ambiguous retinal images into object-level spatial representations and implement sensorimotor transformations. (elifesciences.org)
  • Raine directed a study in which scientists from USC and the University of California at Irvine used positron emission tomography (PET) to scan the brains of 38 men and women charged with murder. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In contrast, said Nicolelis, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography -- the most widely used brain-scanning techniques -- can give only limited time-resolution of brain activity. (news-medical.net)
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) functional imaging of compatible learning identified increasing activity throughout the precentral gyrus, maximal in the arm area. (mit.edu)
  • Positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), functional MRI, or evoked responses may be done to further assess cerebral function if the diagnosis is in doubt. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The large brain of humans is perhaps the most important evolutionary advance for the species. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Herein we report on a pilot study involving twelve participants with ALS and nine age-matched healthy controls who underwent high-resolution resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging at an ultra-high field of 7 Tesla. (biorxiv.org)
  • The precuneus shows shows the highest resting metabolic rate of all the regions implicated in "the resting state" (often assessed with eyes closed, when the subjects presumably have a major alpha rhythm going in their EEGs, but also evaluated during "passive viewing" conditions when people are looking at a + sign or some other image). (blogspot.com)
  • If asleep, however, the organization of brain functions may also be very different, depending on the stage of sleep occurring at the time. (ajnr.org)
  • The hippocampus is a brain structure critical for the formation of long-term episodic memories. (caltech.edu)
  • The group used a combination of monitoring methods collectively known as polysomnography to check whether the participants were in the rapid eye movement (REM) state of sleep, in which we tend to have most of our dreams. (newscientist.com)
  • He and his colleagues have trained the neural network with their own and publicly available data from study participants in such a way that it can now perform eye tracking in data the software has not been trained on. (mpg.de)
  • For example, it is now possible to study the gaze behaviour of participants and patients in existing MRI data, which were originally acquired without eye tracking. (mpg.de)
  • This may allow to perform eye tracking even when study participants are asleep. (mpg.de)
  • We measured brain hemodynamic activity and eye-gaze patterns while participants were viewing a shortened version of the movie 'My Sister's Keeper' from two perspectives: that of a potential organ donor, who violates moral norms by refusing to donate her kidney, and that of a potential organ recipient, who suffers in pain. (aalto.fi)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Besides demonstrating a general overlap in brain regions recruited in young and older participants, this study shows age-related changes in cerebral activation during mental imagery of gait. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The theory of modularity suggests that there are functionally specialized regions in the brain that are domain specific for different cognitive processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specific are the activities of daily living scales, which measure the performance of basic functional skills required to care for oneself independently, such as eating, grooming, bathing, dressing, locomotion, transfers, and continence, and may also measure cognitive abilities. (medscape.com)
  • Measuring cognitive impairment along with motor impairment becomes important with certain medical conditions, especially brain injury/dysfunction and stroke. (medscape.com)
  • It is used in patients with cognitive dysfunction involving either a general decline of overall brain function or a localized or lateralized deficit. (medscape.com)
  • This condition is characterized by difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia) and problems with side-to-side movements of the eyes (oculomotor apraxia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, healthy human subjects actively followed the directional cue provided by the eyes of another person toward an object in space or, in the control condition, used a nondirectional symbolic cue to make an eye movement toward an object in space. (nih.gov)
  • Concurring with these findings, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant hippocampal activation in response to odor re-exposure during SWS. (nih.gov)
  • In Italy, Luigi Rolando carried out lesion experiments and performed electrical stimulation of the brain, including the Rolandic area. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much of what we know about time in the brain comes from psychophysical experiments. (jneurosci.org)
  • Darren Whelan, BSc (Hons) MSc MRes, has investigated the application of videonystagmography (VNG) in dizzy patients with central nervous system involvement, and how VNG is superior to MRI when looking at eye movements. (interacoustics.com)
  • I can imagine that the software will also be used in the clinical field, for example, in the sleep lab to study eye movements in different sleep stages', says Matthias Nau. (mpg.de)
  • The software could thus enable a variety of applications in research and clinical settings, perhaps even leading to eye tracking finally becoming a standard in MRI studies and everyday clinical practice. (mpg.de)
  • This 25-hour clinical program is a comprehensive overview of the brain and eye movements highlighting hands-on examination and treatment protocols. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • The advanced clinical module expands and details information that was learned in the Carrick Institute Clinical Applications of Eye Movements module. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • Central to this understanding is a comprehensive clinical mastery of brain function associated with the integrity of humankind. (carrickinstitute.com)
  • The eye movements that are mediated by the inner ear through the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) are well-known and used in many clinical tests of vestibular function. (interacoustics.com)
  • Functional assessment scales should be scientifically proven as valid and reliable, and also efficient to use in the clinical setting. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical dementia is a fairly broad-based decline of brain function, and most definitions center on the patient's intellectual decline and memory dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • However, recent functional imaging findings in healthy subjects suggest a central role for the precuneus in a wide spectrum of highly integrated tasks, including visuo-spatial imagery, episodic memory retrieval and self-processing operations, namely first-person perspective taking and an experience of agency. (blogspot.com)
  • Read on to learn more about brain hypoxia, also known as cerebral hypoxia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A 18 F-DOPA cerebral PET/CT, performed after injection of 72 MBq of [ 18 F]-DOPA, showed striatal dopaminergic uptake decrease (predominating in the left side) as previously described [ 3 ] (Figure 1) and a MRI demonstrated mid brain atrophy, consistent with PSP diagnosis. (omicsonline.org)
  • Using hairlike microelectrodes and computer analysis, neurobiologists at Duke University Medical Center have demonstrated that they can see the detailed instant-to-instant electrical "brainscape" of neural activity across a living brain. (news-medical.net)
  • O'Regan & Jacobs, 1992), and the probability of correct lexical decision and correct identification (when only one fixation is allowed in the word) is higher with the eye near the center than when the word is fixated towards the beginning or the end (e.g. (univ-paris5.fr)
  • A chronic progressive CNS disorder characterized by slowness of purposeful movement, resting tremors, and muscle rigidity. (ecopolitan.com)
  • The experimental technique consisted of presenting the letter string laterally displaced in relation to a fixation point such that on its appearance, the eye was fixating one of five fixation zones in the word (each stimulus string was divided into five equally wide zones of one fifth of the width of the total word length. (univ-paris5.fr)
  • This project will apply cutting-edge spatial transcriptomics technology called GPS-seq to human brain samples, and generate a state-of-the-art spatial map of the human neocortex at a single-cell resolution. (centreforbrainhealth.ca)
  • Nevertheless, in recent years major progress has been made in the spatial resolution of brain scans using high resolution PET camera and fused MR images. (omicsonline.org)
  • The DeepMReye software uses artificial intelligence to directly predict eye position and eye movements from MRI images. (mpg.de)
  • To record eye movements, research institutions typically use a so-called eye tracker - a sensor technology in which infrared light is projected onto the retina, reflected, and eventually measured. (mpg.de)
  • Patients with anxiety and depression are often prescribed medications that typically increase serotonin levels in the brain, such as the SSRIs, since the hypothesis is that depression is caused by a deficiency in serotonin in the brain. (drweitz.com)
  • Instead, the models most accurately predicted the explicit saliency selections and eye movements made while performing saliency judgments. (zotero.org)
  • The method opens up rapid and cost-effective research and diagnostic possibilities, for example, in neurological diseases that often manifest as changes in eye-movement patterns. (mpg.de)
  • The neural network we use detects specific patterns in the MRI signal from the eyes. (mpg.de)
  • Their analysis could detect activity patterns that marked waking, deep "slow wave" sleep and so-called "rapid-eye movement" sleep. (news-medical.net)
  • A large repertoire of spatiotemporal activity patterns in the brain is the basis for adaptive behaviour. (zotero.org)
  • Are the same brain regions also involved in extracting gaze direction in order to establish joint attention? (nih.gov)
  • Phrenology, created by Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) and Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832) and best known for the idea that one's personality could be determined by the variation of bumps on their skull, proposed that different regions in one's brain have different functions and may very well be associated with different behaviours. (wikipedia.org)
  • The second theory, distributive processing, proposes that the brain is more interactive and its regions are functionally interconnected rather than specialized. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Modularity of the Mind theory indicates that distinct neurological regions called modules are defined by their functional roles in cognition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Direct brain stimulation in specific brain regions has recently emerged as a promising tool to enhance performance in memory tasks. (isibrno.cz)
  • The inside of the brain is characterized by regions of gray matter and white matter. (lumenlearning.com)
  • How are signals entering various brain regions at varied times coordinated with one another? (jneurosci.org)
  • We also have our Centre for Brain Sciences (CBS), a state-of-the-art research facility dedicated to the study of brain activity in relation to psychological processes. (essex.ac.uk)
  • Functional neuroimaging studies have started unravelling unexpected functional attributes for the posteromedial portion of the parietal lobe, the precuneus. (blogspot.com)
  • At present, natural sleep (as in this instance), rather than sedated sleep, appears to be best for assessing functional localization. (ajnr.org)
  • The difficulty with this theory is that in typical non-lesioned subjects, locations within the brain anatomy are similar but not completely identical. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors describe] preliminary evidence for a functional subdivision within the precuneus into an anterior region, involved in self-centred mental imagery strategies, and a posterior region, subserving successful episodic memory retrieval. (blogspot.com)
  • The many faces of stress Stress manifests differently depending on the individual, influencing many biological processes that begin in the brain and spread through nearly all body systems - including the adrenals, thyroid, neurotransmitter systems, digestive system, and heart. (ecopolitan.com)
  • New discoveries in psychophysics, electrophysiology, imaging, and computational modeling are contributing to an emerging picture of how the brain processes, learns, and perceives time. (jneurosci.org)
  • To help understand how the brain processes rhythm, Phillips-Silver and postdoctoral researcher Paula Plaza, PhD (new window) , are turning to individuals who have been blind since birth or infancy. (georgetown.edu)