Brain circuit. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this photo essay, we present a sampling of technologies from laboratories at the forefront of whole-brain clearing and imaging for high-resolution analysis of cell populations and neuronal circuits. (broadinstitute.org)
They lead to impaired brain connectivity and abnormal neuronal activity patterns. (ucdavis.edu)
This imbalance causes disrupted neuronal circuits with abnormal connections between the neurons," Ben-Shalom explained. (ucdavis.edu)
He is working on predicting the excitability of brain neuronal circuits in neurodevelopmental conditions. (ucdavis.edu)
The Brain Circuit Analysis Special Interest Group studies neuronal circuits in health and disease using advanced methods for the perturbation and recording of cell activity. (lu.se)
This synapse formation is required for the development of neuronal structure in the functioning brain. (wikipedia.org)
NE, DA, and 5-HT principally modulate this brain region, and dysregulation or imbalance in their levels affect neuronal circuits involved in cognitive processing. (cdc.gov)
A neuronal circuit approach. (bvsalud.org)

Neuroscientists have shown how vitamin D deficiency affects developing neurons in the brain's dopamine circuit, which may lead to the dopamine dysfunction seen in adults with schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
A new type of brain sensor consists of flexible "petals" (pictured) that are inverted into a central hub before insertion through a small hole in the skull and then "bloom" outward to lie flat on the brain's surface. (sciencenews.org)
M-R-I studies show positive words light up the brain's reward system…… While complaints will activate the pain centers in your brain. (kixi.com)
The post Here's How to Activate Your Brain's "Chill Out" Circuit appeared first on John Tesh . (kixi.com)
Controlling signal transmission and reception within the brain circuits is necessary for neuroscientists to achieve a better understanding of the brain's functions. (neurosciencenews.com)
The study findings, which appear in the August 31 issue of Nature Neuroscience , shed light on a previously unrecognized role of these cells, known as medial prefrontal cortex neurons projecting to the paraventricular thalamus, the brain area that relays signals to various components of the brain's reward circuitry. (mountsinai.org)
A pair of recent studies performed by researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and the University of Pennsylvania represents a significant step forward in understanding the role of the brain's "reward circuit" and certain hallmarks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) , namely difficulty interpreting or engaging in typical social behavior and restricted or repetitive interests or behaviors. (chop.edu)
In a recent review paper published in Science , Stanford University biology and neurobiology professor Liqun Luo summarizes our current understanding of neural circuits in the brain and how they fit together into the brain's architecture. (stanford.edu)
These findings highlight an innovative feat of molecular engineering that allows the creation of a more complete map of the brain's cellular circuits and will help researchers on their way toward unraveling the mysteries of the brain. (technologynetworks.com)
At its core, every sensation, thought and movement depends on how the brain's billions of neurons communicate through a complex system of circuits," said Thomas M. Jessell, PhD, the paper's co-senior author and a director of the Zuckerman Institute. (technologynetworks.com)
Researchers have identified a neural circuit projecting from a part of the brain's hippocampus that enables rodents and people to inhibit their threat response in the presence of a learned "safety" signal. (bbrfoundation.org)

By carefully positioning their light-delivery system, they were able to selectively target this projection, so that it alone was activated when light was pulsed into the mice's brains. (stanford.edu)
They discovered a direct pathway between two areas of the mice's brains: the auditory cortex, which receives and processes information about sound, and the thalamus, which receives and sends information about sensations such as pain. (medlineplus.gov)

Scientists from Harvard University have discovered brain circuits in mice that control parental behavior. (bostonglobe.com)
Scientists from Harvard University have discovered brain circuits in mice that control parental behavior, and they were able to induce abrupt transformations - making abusive male mice act like doting fathers, for example - through simple manipulations that one outside researcher called stunning. (bostonglobe.com)
But she said that the new research gives insight into powerful neural circuits that govern parental behavior at a basic level. (bostonglobe.com)
There has been keen interest in neuroscience in finding slight structural differences between male and female brains that might explain gender differences in behavior. (bostonglobe.com)
But Dulac found that a key brain circuit that controls parental behavior looks identical in male and female mice - a finding that she suggests has implications for fathers' potential to be as nurturing as mothers. (bostonglobe.com)
They began searching for the brain circuits that might play a role in this phenomenon and focused first on a brain region involved in sensing pheromones, scents that influence the behavior of other animals. (bostonglobe.com)
The fiber-optic hookup is both flexible and pain-free, so experimental animals' actual behavior as well as their brain activity can be monitored. (stanford.edu)
The findings help to explain the brain processes that govern choice and the ability to adapt behavior based on the end results. (nih.gov)
Understanding how these mechanisms influence social behavior may provide new treatment strategies for autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders, according to research presented today at Neuroscience 2016 , the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience and the world's largest source of emerging news about brain science and health. (sfn.org)
These considerations imply that a more promising level of analysis might be at the level of neural circuits, since the explanatory gap between circuits and behavior is smaller than the gap between molecules and behavior. (biorxiv.org)
It is proposed that Opto-vTrap can serve as a next-generation optogenetic silencer to control brain activity and behavior with minimal confounding effects. (neurosciencenews.com)
While research has shown that social isolation during childhood, in particular, is detrimental to adult brain function and behavior across mammalian species, the underlying neural circuit mechanisms have remained poorly understood. (mountsinai.org)
A research team from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai has now identified specific sub-populations of brain cells in the prefrontal cortex, a key part of the brain that regulates social behavior, that are required for normal sociability in adulthood and are profoundly vulnerable to juvenile social isolation in mice. (mountsinai.org)
Scientists at Columbia University's Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute have developed a new viral tool that dramatically expands scientists' ability to probe the activity and circuitry of neurons in the mouse brain. (technologynetworks.com)
In this study, we developed a strain of rabies that greatly improves our ability to map these circuits, which can lend insight into how these circuits direct behavior-in health and in disease," added Dr. Jessell, who is also the Claire Tow professor of neuroscience and of biochemistry and molecular biophysics at Columbia. (technologynetworks.com)
Detailed descriptions of brain-scale sensorimotor circuits underlying vertebrate behavior remain elusive. (janelia.org)
Here, we harness these tools to generate a brain-scale circuit model of the optomotor response, an orienting behavior evoked by visual motion. (janelia.org)
While experiments revealed many neural response types throughout the brain, modeling identified the dimensions of functional connectivity most critical for the behavior. (janelia.org)
We thus reveal how distributed neurons collaborate to generate behavior and illustrate a paradigm for distilling functional circuit models from whole-brain data. (janelia.org)
By aligning alterations in brain activity with behavior as the parkinsonian state evolves, we can determine the roles played by specific circuits in the symptoms of the disease. (northwestern.edu)

July 7, 2020 Researchers have found that dopamine neurons in the brain can represent the decision-making process when making economic choices. (sciencedaily.com)
By contrast, the U.S. BRAIN Project - short for Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies - has taken a tool-building approach by challenging scientists, including many at Stanford, to develop new kinds of tools that can read out the activity of thousands or even millions of neurons in the brain as well as write in complex patterns of activity. (phys.org)
Artistic rendering of how superconducting circuits that mimic synapses (connections between neurons in the brain) might be used to create artificial optoelectronic neurons of the future. (electronicsforu.com)
Photograph of a NIST superconducting circuit that behaves like an artificial version of a synapse, a connection between nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. (electronicsforu.com)

The purpose of this Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative is to encourage applications that will develop and validate novel tools to facilitate the detailed analysis of complex circuits and provide insights into cellular interactions that underlie brain function. (nih.gov)

The study, published online in Nature Neuroscience, indicates that specific circuits in the forebrain play a critical role in choice and adaptive learning. (nih.gov)
But the new study appears to add important details about how and when these new synapses affect brain circuits, says Ronald Duman , a professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at Yale University. (wskg.org)
While this strain is specific to the mouse brain, the applications for this advance are far-reaching," said Attila Losonczy, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of neuroscience at CUMC, a principal investigator at the Zuckerman Institute and a co-senior author of this study. (technologynetworks.com)
Recent advances in zebrafish neuroscience offer new opportunities to dissect such circuits via whole-brain imaging, behavioral analysis, functional perturbations, and network modeling. (janelia.org)
The book provides readers with an understanding of four key concepts, including materials and device aspects with a view of current materials systems and their remaining barriers, algorithmic aspects comprising basic concepts of neuroscience as well as various computing concepts, the circuits and architectures implementing those algorithms based on memristive technologies, and target applications, including brain-inspired computing, computational memory, and deep learning. (hive.co.uk)
A team led by D. James Surmeier, PhD , the chair and Nathan Smith Davis Professor of Neuroscience , received a $9 million award over three years to study "Distributed circuit dysfunction underlying motor and sleep deficits in a progressive mouse model of Parkinson's disease. (northwestern.edu)

A tendency to dread social situations may be explained by structural differences in brain regions that regulate emotion, attention, and perception, a finding that could help in developing therapies for social anxiety (Bonni Crawford, abstract 268.06, see attached summary). (sfn.org)
Two different brain circuits help regulate salt intake, according to a study in the journal Cell. (cptv.org)
Brain motor and fear circuits regulate leukocytes during acute stress. (bvsalud.org)
Understanding how processes in the brain regulate pain could help researchers develop new pain therapies in the future. (medlineplus.gov)
If the central control center fails to regulate blinking in blepharospasm, it is believed to be only one component of an overloaded, defective circuit. (medscape.com)
This abnormal central control center fails to regulate the positive feedback circuit. (medscape.com)

Turning mice into good parents did not take lessons, social workers, or an intervention: It was as simple as shining a light to trigger specific brain cells. (bostonglobe.com)
The researchers destroyed those brain cells and found that virgin male mice that typically attacked young pups suddenly began to act like nurturing dads - retrieving the pups, building nests, and grooming them. (bostonglobe.com)
Research from the National Institutes of Health has identified neural circuits in mice that are involved in the ability to learn and alter behaviors. (nih.gov)
Oka wanted to know how this system works in the brain, so he and a team of scientists studied mice. (wvia.org)
Ketamine appears to restore faulty connections between brain cells, according to research performed in mice. (wskg.org)
In mice, the drug appears to quickly improve the functioning of certain brain circuits involved in mood, an international team reported Thursday in the journal Science . (wskg.org)
After the mice got ketamine, it took less than six hours for the brain circuits damaged by stress started working better. (wskg.org)
3) The direction of circuit alterations in Fmr1 KO mice changes across development. (biorxiv.org)
To understand this switch, researchers have identified a brain circuit associated with infanticidal behaviour that gets switched off after mice give birth. (acast.com)
The team's careful planning and design paid off as they were then able to demonstrate CellREADR accurately labelled specific brain cell populations in living mice, as well as effectively added activity monitors and control switches where directed. (duke.edu)
In a study of mice, MIT researchers have identified a circuit in the anterior thalamus that is necessary for remembering how to navigate a maze. (mit.edu)
The researchers also found that this circuit is weakened in older mice, but enhancing its activity greatly improves their ability to run the maze correctly. (mit.edu)
Here we show that distinct brain regions shape leukocyte distribution and function throughout the body during acute stress in mice . (bvsalud.org)

The team at the Queensland Brain Institute developed dopamine-like cells to replicate the process of differentiation into early dopaminergic neurons that usually takes place during embryonic development. (sciencedaily.com)
Growing brain cells in a petri dish to form a brain network. (thenakedscientists.com)
How similar these cells are to a conscious, living human brain? (thenakedscientists.com)
Professor Mike Dragonow, also based at Auckland University is able to culture these stem cells from the brain bank. (thenakedscientists.com)
He harvests these tissue and grows these cells in a Petri dish, forming a brain network. (thenakedscientists.com)
I started by asking him, how similar these cells in a dish are to a conscious, real living brain. (thenakedscientists.com)
But what we can do is we can use markers for the different cell types that we know are present in the brain and see where those markers exist in the cells in the dishes, and they do. (thenakedscientists.com)
And so, what we're trying to do really is understand how does human brain cells function their basic biology because we can test that. (thenakedscientists.com)
so, we're looking at understanding how human brain cells that are involved in a number of neurological disorders, how they behave, their biochemistry. (thenakedscientists.com)
And also, we're testing compounds directly on those human brain cells. (thenakedscientists.com)
The drugs that work on the human brain cells in the dish may - we don't know if they will, but they may be effective in real humans that are living. (thenakedscientists.com)
Using these approaches, we think that pretty sure these cells that we're growing in bulk here are called brain pericytes. (thenakedscientists.com)
They can actually add directly to the nerve cell degeneration but they can also activate immune cells in the brain to cause inflammation. (thenakedscientists.com)
We need to study more human versions of these inflammatory cells in the brain, the microglia and the astrocytes directly. (thenakedscientists.com)
Then, the scientists looked for other brain circuits that might be involved, and settled on a promising subset of nerve cells in the middle of the brain. (bostonglobe.com)
Males that lost those brain cells never started acting like dads at a time they normally would have been grooming pups and building nests. (bostonglobe.com)
Then, using a cutting-edge technique called optogenetics, which uses genetic manipulation to make specific brain cells light-sensitive, the team was able to test what happened when they turned those crucial brain cells on. (bostonglobe.com)
So the anti-anxiety circuit probably would have been difficult if not impossible to locate had it not been for optogenetics, a new technology in which nerve cells in living animals are rendered photosensitive so that action in these cells can be turned on or off by different wavelengths of light. (stanford.edu)
Building upon these findings, the authors next deleted or pharmacologically blocked a component of nerve cells which normally binds the neurochemical glutamate (specifically, the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor) within two different areas of the brain, the striatum and the frontal cortex. (nih.gov)
HAMILTON: The new study suggests that brain cells involved in salt tolerance are controlled by hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. (wvia.org)
Then, hours later, it begins to restore faulty connections between cells in these circuits. (wskg.org)
Previous research has found evidence that ketamine was creating new synapses, the connections between brain cells. (wskg.org)
To find out, the team used a technology that makes living brain cells glow under a microscope. (wskg.org)
The brain cells light up when they become active and become dimmer when they become inactive. (wskg.org)
That allowed the team to identify brain circuits by looking for groups of brain cells that lit up together. (wskg.org)
Then it provides a longer-term fix by restoring the synaptic connections between cells in a circuit. (wskg.org)
The nervous system shows complex organization at many spatial scales: from genes and molecules, to cells and synapses, to neural circuits. (biorxiv.org)
This circuit-level viewpoint argues for a reverse-engineering approach to tackling brain disorders: rather than start at the molecular level and working up, we should instead start by asking how cognitive and behavioral symptoms manifest as alterations at the circuit level, then interpret these changes at the levels of cells, synapses, and molecules as appropriate. (biorxiv.org)
Whole-Brain Analysis of Cells and Circuits by Tissue Clearing and Light-Sheet Microscopy. (broadinstitute.org)
The development of new genetic and non-genetic tools for delivering genes, proteins and chemicals to cells of interest or approaches that are expected to target specific cell types and/or circuits in the nervous system with greater precision and sensitivity than currently established methods are encouraged. (nih.gov)
A newly developed system dubbed Opto-vTrap can temporarily trap vesicles from being released from brain cells. (neurosciencenews.com)
However, it has been difficult to freely control the activity of brain cells in a spatiotemporal manner using pre-existing techniques. (neurosciencenews.com)
To address this problem, South Korean researchers led by Director C. Justin LEE at the Center for Cognition and Sociality within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and professor HEO Won Do at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) developed Opto-vTrap, a light-inducible and reversible inhibition system that can temporarily trap vesicles from being released from brain cells. (neurosciencenews.com)
Opto-vTrap directly targets transmitters containing vesicles, and it can be used in various types of brain cells, even the ones that do not respond to membrane potential changes. (neurosciencenews.com)
The research team verified the usability of Opto-vTrap in cultured cells and brain tissue slices. (neurosciencenews.com)
Tagging and illuminating only the inhibitory "brake" cells (green) in human brain tissue is just one of many things the new tool, CellREADR, can do. (duke.edu)
Southwell hopes CellREADR will improve his and others' understanding of the wiring diagram for human brain circuits and the cells within them, and in doing so, help advance new therapies for neurological disorders, such as a promising new method to treat drug-resistant epilepsy he is piloting. (duke.edu)
This "living pain circuit" is a 3D model of nerve cells that connect to each other the same way they do in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

As the name implies, SyNAPSE involves a bid to redesign chips, code-named Golden Gate, to emulate the ability of neurons to make a great many synaptic connections - a feature that helps the brain solve problems on the fly. (phys.org)
At present a Golden Gate chip consists of 256 digital neurons each equipped with 1,024 digital synaptic circuits, with IBM on track to greatly increase the numbers of neurons in the system. (phys.org)
Synaptic connectivity patterns - the ways that neurons connect to other neurons - spell out the first level of generalized information-processing principles in the brain - the circuit motifs. (stanford.edu)
I will present the results of two related projects aimed at understanding how dysfunction in prefrontal brain networks gives rise to specific depressive symptoms and behaviors, and how synaptic remodeling in these circuits contributes to transitions between mood states. (stanford.edu)

The Neurogrid circuit board can simulate orders of magnitude more neurons and synapses than other brain mimics on the power it takes to run a tablet computer. (phys.org)
From a pure energy perspective, the brain is hard to match," says Boahen, whose article surveys how "neuromorphic" researchers in the United States and Europe are using silicon and software to build electronic systems that mimic neurons and synapses. (phys.org)
Their strategy was to enable certain synapses to share hardware circuits. (phys.org)
The result was Neurogrid - a device about the size of an iPad that can simulate orders of magnitude more neurons and synapses than other brain mimics on the power it takes to run a tablet computer. (phys.org)
Stress is associated with a loss of synapses in this region of the brain that we think is important in depression," Liston says. (wskg.org)

Lund University neuroscientists are at the forefront of one of the greatest challenges of our time - trying to understand how the brain works. (lu.se)

Brain oscillations underlie the function of our brains, dictating how we both think and react to the world around us. (nih.gov)

Much remains to be understood about exactly how the brain strikes the balance between learning a behavioral response that is consistently rewarded, versus retaining the flexibility to switch to a new, better response," said Kenneth R. Warren, Ph.D., acting director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (nih.gov)
For years, researchers have attempted to use fMRI brain imaging studies to find a link between these behavioral traits and the way the brain processes rewards among people with and without ASD. (chop.edu)
These two studies demonstrate a growing body of evidence supporting the idea that there are key differences in how people with ASD process rewarding information in their brain," said Dr. Benjamin Yerys , a psychologist in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at CHOP, senior author of the Molecular Autism study and a co-author of the JAMA Psychiatry study. (chop.edu)
The genetic distinctions add some excitement to our main findings because they will enable powerful new optogenetic and chemogenetic strategies for probing behavioral and perceptual functions of these TRN sub-circuits. (technologynetworks.com)
The behavioral effects of these brain changes may be exhibited in the repeated relapses and intense drug craving when the individuals are exposed to drug-related stimuli. (cdc.gov)
The ultimate goal of this study is to develop an integrative, data-driven model to examine how patterns of brain activation across functional domains give rise to distinct mechanisms underlying resilience, and how these neural mechanisms interrelate with behavioral (e.g., emotion regulation, reward responses, social cognition) and psychosocial (e.g., coping self-efficacy, positive emotions, social connectedness) factors implicated in resilience. (cdc.gov)

Most current anti-anxiety medications work by suppressing activity in the brain circuitry that generates anxiety or increases anxiety levels. (stanford.edu)
Thus, any effect from stimulating the newly discovered anti-anxiety circuit would have been swamped by the anxiety-increasing effects of the dominant surrounding circuitry. (stanford.edu)
A leading theory holds that neurodevelopmental brain disorders arise from imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain circuitry. (biorxiv.org)
Elucidate disease mechanisms at molecular, cellular and circuitry levels, guiding the development of new therapies, such as restoration of lost brain functions based on cell- and gene-based replacement strategies. (lu.se)

Behaviors such as caring for the young are absolutely essential for the survival of the species, so the fact that in the brain there are centers that make sure animals go through those behaviors at the right time, upon the right stimulation is no surprise," said Catherine Dulac, a professor of molecular and cell biology at Harvard University, who led the work published Wednesday in the journal Nature . (bostonglobe.com)

Stephen Liberles, a cell biologist at Harvard Medical School, says scientists already know a lot about how the brain deals with sensory information coming from the eyes, ears, nose and skin. (wvia.org)
STEPHEN LIBERLES: The brain also receives tons of sensory information from the body, from the heart, the lungs, the stomach, the intestine, and how these work has remained more mysterious. (wvia.org)
Even though I think there is a link (albeit to a sensory-motor integration circuit rather than to a "phonological short-term memory" system) their study doesn't make the connection. (talkingbrains.org)
The thalamus is a "Grand Central Station" for sensory information coming to our brains. (technologynetworks.com)
This circuit forms a blepharospasm vicious cycle, which has a sensory limb, a central control center located in the midbrain, and a motor limb. (medscape.com)

Researchers found that juvenile isolation led to both reduced excitability of the prefrontal neurons projecting to the paraventricular thalamus and increased inhibitory input from other related neurons, suggesting a circuit mechanism underlying sociability deficits caused by juvenile social isolation. (mountsinai.org)
One key brain region linked to this type of memory is the anterior thalamus, which is primarily involved in spatial memory - memory of our surroundings and how to navigate them. (mit.edu)
The thalamus, a small structure located near the center of the brain, contributes to working memory and many other executive functions, such as planning and attention. (mit.edu)
They found that the AD thalamus is involved in creating mental maps of physical spaces, while the AV thalamus helps the brain to distinguish these memories from other memories of similar spaces. (mit.edu)
These findings suggest that the neurological underpinnings in PD, manganism, and WF-mediated PD-like manifestation encompasses much more than degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and involves brain areas associated with sensorimotor, fine motor, and cognitive tasks, such as the cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum. (cdc.gov)

The main effect of learning relative to rest involved lots of brain areas (blue in image above) including auditory regions (they were listened to speech) and frontal parietal networks (they were trying to remember the items). (talkingbrains.org)

Leveraging advances in targeting and visualising single molecules within presynaptic nerve terminals has enabled Professor Eyles and his team to further explore their long-standing belief that maternal vitamin D deficiency changes how early dopaminergic circuits are formed. (sciencedaily.com)
Moreover, by delivering pulses of light via optical fibers to specific brain areas, scientists can target not only particular nerve-cell types but also particular cell-to-cell connections or nervous pathways leading from one brain region to another. (stanford.edu)
In contrast, older research approaches involve probing brain areas with electrodes to stimulate nerve cell firing. (stanford.edu)
The connections between these neurons form brain circuits, or paths, for electrical signaling to follow as it moves from one nerve cell to another. (ucdavis.edu)

These findings suggest that the basic E/I imbalance model should be updated to higher-dimensional models that can better capture the multidimensional computational functions of neural circuits. (biorxiv.org)
One prominent circuit-level hypothesis for brain disorders has been the idea of an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory signaling. (biorxiv.org)
Researchers for the first time have reported a condition known as 'vestibular agnosia' causing loss of vertigo perception and imbalance in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). (medscape.com)
Vestibular agnosia causes both loss of vertigo perception and imbalance because of neural circuit damage in the right temporal lobe of the brain. (medscape.com)
Vestibular agnosia in traumatic brain injury and its link to imbalance. (medscape.com)

However, it can kill a person by instantaneously short-circuiting the heart. (msdmanuals.com)

People who view pictures of someone they hate display activity in distinct areas of the brain that, together, may be thought of as a 'hate circuit', according to new research by scientists at UCL (University College London). (medicalxpress.com)
The study, by Professor Semir Zeki and John Romaya of the Wellcome Laboratory of Neurobiology at UCL, examined the brain areas that correlate with the sentiment of hate and shows that the 'hate circuit' is distinct from those related to emotions such as fear, threat and danger - although it shares a part of the brain associated with aggression. (medicalxpress.com)
The circuit is also quite distinct from that associated with romantic love, though it shares at least two common structures with it. (medicalxpress.com)
Stimulation of a distinct brain circuit that lies within a brain structure typically associated with fearfulness produces the opposite effect: Its activity, instead of triggering or increasing anxiety, counters it. (stanford.edu)
Researchers led by corresponding author Scott Cruikshank, Ph.D., and co-authors Rosa I. Martinez-Garcia, Ph.D., Bettina Voelcker, Ph.D., and Barry Connors, Ph.D., show that the somatosensory part of the TRN is divided into two functionally distinct sub-circuits. (technologynetworks.com)

Due to their relatively small brains, and advances in genetic tools to manipulate neural activity, we can now map some of the crucial circuits for insect learning at the single neuron and even single synapse level. (ieee.org)
Scientists of the EU-funded PFCmap project are working to understand how PFC circuits sustain neural activity across the delay period, when information is stored in memory. (europa.eu)

The use of stem cell-derived dopamine neurons or deep brain stimulation (DBS) represents two alternative approaches to treat Parkinson's Disease. (lu.se)

Researchers have identified a neural circuit that might be targeted to enable inhibition of the threat response in the presence of a learned "safety" signal. (bbrfoundation.org)

48 Central nervous system infection (brain abscess, OTHER meningitis, encephalitis, etc. (cdc.gov)
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. (medscape.com)

Together, our findings support the notion that a complex interplay of overlapping neural circuits, primarily involving nigrostriatal, cortical, thalamic, and cerebellar tracts are critical for eliciting key motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, and perhaps manganism, as well as welding -mediated PD-like manifestation. (cdc.gov)

The brain-responsive neurostimulator (RNS system) was approved in 2013, and the approval of deep brain stimulation (DBS) was approved in May 2018. (medscape.com)

First, the drug somehow coaxes faulty brain circuits to function better temporarily. (wskg.org)
Firing action potentials is also essential for coordinating brain function. (ucdavis.edu)
It will be a highly useful tool for studying how certain brain cell types affect brain function in different circumstances. (neurosciencenews.com)
To be fair, they did look at learning effects in terms of changes in brain activity as a function of learning scan. (talkingbrains.org)
I think rather that they've (re)localized a circuit that supports phonological short-term memory (but is not dedicated to this function). (talkingbrains.org)
Identifying the deficits in brain function that are happening early in Parkinson's disease should help us develop assays that will lead to earlier clinical diagnosis. (northwestern.edu)
Although psychological stress is known to modulate immune function, mechanistic pathways linking stress networks in the brain to peripheral leukocytes remain poorly understood2. (bvsalud.org)
Results of this study will be used to inform personalized and targeted prevention and treatment approaches that bolster function of specific neural circuits and help promote psychological resilience in WTC and other disaster responders, as well as other populations of trauma survivors. (cdc.gov)

The results, published today in PLoS One, are an extension of previous studies on the brain mechanisms of romantic and maternal love from the same laboratory. (medicalxpress.com)
This proposal will apply cutting edge optogenetic methods to produce dense, single-cell connectivity maps to elucidate the circuit architecture of the mouse PFC, providing insight into the circuit mechanisms that support mnemonic coding. (europa.eu)
The ASAP network supports multidisciplinary, multi-institutional research teams to address key knowledge gaps in the basic circuit mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. (northwestern.edu)

He added, "Opto-vTrap will contribute not only to elucidate brain circuit mapping but also epilepsy treatment, muscle spasm treatment, and skin tissue expansion technologies. (neurosciencenews.com)

Perturbations of cognitive rhythms and the underlying oscillator neurons that synchronize different parts of the brain contribute to the pathophysiology of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and other diseases of rhythm that have been studied extensively by Gyorgy Buzsaki. (nih.gov)

In the study, Karl Deisseroth , MD, PhD, and his colleagues employed a mouse model to show that stimulating activity exclusively in this circuit enhances animals' willingness to take risks, while inhibiting its activity renders them more risk-averse. (stanford.edu)
NPR's Jon Hamilton reports on a study that found two separate brain circuits that affect the taste for salt. (wvia.org)
Then the team used a special laser microscope to study the animals' brains. (wskg.org)
The study indicates that training the brain to block out negative thoughts could improve symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD. (medicaldaily.com)
Professor Heo stated, "Since Opto-vTrap can be used in various cell types, it is expected to be helpful in various fields of brain science research," He explained, "We plan to conduct a study to figure out the spatiotemporal brain functions in various brain cell types in a specific environment using Opto-vTrap technology. (neurosciencenews.com)
With CellREADR, we can pick and choose populations to study and really begin to investigate the full range of cell types present in the human brain," said co-author Derek Southwell, M.D., Ph.D., a neurosurgeon and assistant professor in the department of neurosurgery at Duke. (duke.edu)
The study is the first to show conclusive imaging evidence that people with ASD find social and nonsocial images less rewarding, with the authors suggesting that future studies examine how the brain processes different types of nonsocial rewards, and how reward processing in ASD changes with age. (chop.edu)
This study represents one of the first efforts to apply this new meta-analysis method of combining brain activity data from multiple neuroimaging studies to ASD," said Caitlin Clements, a member of the Center for Autism Research (CAR) at CHOP, a doctoral student at the University of Pennsylvania Psychology Department and lead author of the paper. (chop.edu)
By analyzing many studies, we hoped to show how the brain processes social and nonsocial rewards in a way that no single study has been able to do on its own. (chop.edu)
In this talk he looks at the link between biology and cognition and the tools that have been developed to study neural circuits. (uctv.tv)
A new animal study has brought the dream of reprogramming your brain against binge eating and sugar addiction one step closer, say researchers. (abc.net.au)
and our growing ability to study mouse, monkey, and human brains. (medscape.com)

With the aid of Jerry Seinfeld and his friends, as well as the animated characters of the cartoon The Simpsons , Kelley and his colleagues have found that different brain regions spark with activity when a person gets a joke versus when he or she reacts to it. (sciencenews.org)
Infants' brains respond differently to different emotions, with fearful faces inducing the most widespread network activity from as young as 5 months old (Catherine Stamoulis, abstract 678.09, see attached summary). (sfn.org)
That's because naming your emotions transfers brain activity from the emotional part of the brain - to the rational part of the brain. (kixi.com)
Opto-vTrap directly controls the signal transmitters' release, enabling the researchers to freely control brain activity. (neurosciencenews.com)
A better test would have been to correlate brain activity with learning (recall scores). (talkingbrains.org)
The synchronous activity of neurons generates these rhythms, which allow different parts of the brain to communicate and orchestrate responses to internal and external stimuli. (nih.gov)
It may be that as the disease evolves, before clinical diagnosis, that the activity in brain circuits begins to actually accelerate the loss of dopaminergic neurons. (northwestern.edu)
If this is the case, then correcting the activity of these circuits may actually slow or stop progression, significantly prolonging the period of time in which current symptomatic therapies are effective. (northwestern.edu)
Although it is likely that a central control center for coordination and regulation of blink activity exists, somewhere in the basal ganglia, midbrain, and/or brain stem, it is unlikely that a single defect in this elusive control center is the primary cause of this disease. (medscape.com)
Blepharospasm is a network defect in dynamic circuit activity, rather than a defect at a specific locus. (medscape.com)

So, the researchers sought to clarify the organization of those circuits, focusing on how first-order and higher-order thalamocortical nuclei communicate with the two subtypes of TRN neurons. (technologynetworks.com)
This process is thought to occur through recurrent networks in the superficial layers of the PFC, however the organization of these circuits remains poorly understood. (europa.eu)

As well as this, he gets brain tissue donated from epilepsy patients who've elected to have surgery to cut-out brain tissue to help control their seizures. (thenakedscientists.com)
It also worked well in rats, and in human brain tissue collected from epilepsy surgeries. (duke.edu)

The investigators were able to pinpoint this particular circuit only by working with a state-of-the-art technology called optogenetics, pioneered by Deisseroth at Stanford, which allows brain scientists to tease apart the complex circuits that compose the brain so these can be studied one by one. (stanford.edu)

A team of researchers at CHOP's Center for Autism Research (CAR) applied a newly developed research method known as seed-based d mapping meta-analysis to combine the results of 13 fMRI studies on how people with ASD process rewards in the brain. (chop.edu)

When trying to understand prevalent brain disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, a natural question to ask is: where is the most productive level of neuroscientific investigation? (biorxiv.org)
First proposed as a model for autism ( Rubenstein and Merzenich, 2003 ), the concept has since been applied to many other brain disorders, including Schizophrenia, Rett syndrome, fragile-X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, and Angelman Syndrome. (biorxiv.org)

The prefrontal cortex (PFC), which lies towards the front of the brain, is responsible for working memory, allowing us to store and process information across time. (europa.eu)
The first "stop" on the circuit is the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) - that is, the "social hub" of our brains. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Hannah - Which is why it's so important to get these samples from the human brain bank tissue and also from the surgery. (thenakedscientists.com)

But he said the advanced techniques used by the Harvard team provide a new entry point to understand how the brain controls parenting behaviors. (bostonglobe.com)

The 'hate circuit' includes structures in the cortex and in the sub-cortex and has components that are important in generating aggressive behaviour, and translating this into action through motor planning, as if the brain becomes mobilised to take some action. (medicalxpress.com)
In the rodents, they revealed a circuit leading from the ventral portion of the hippocampus-a part of the brain in mammals that processes the context associated with anxiety-to the prelimbic cortex. (bbrfoundation.org)

Through stimulation of the specific prefrontal circuit projecting to the thalamic area in adulthood, we were able to rescue the sociability deficits caused by juvenile social isolation. (mountsinai.org)

To demonstrate the concept, we build a computational model based on an anatomically correct, functioning model of the central-complex navigation circuit of the insect brain. (lu.se)
Keynote speaker Barbara Webb presents her talk "Modeling the learning circuits of the insect brain" at IEEE ICDL 2022. (ieee.org)

New research suggests it might start with a simple switch in the brain. (bostonglobe.com)
A new summary of what is known about brain circuits suggests potential new directions for AI researchers. (stanford.edu)

The brain concatenates both dimensionality expansion and recurrent processing in a highly structured manner across multiple regions. (stanford.edu)
We show that such motion is processed by diverse neural response types distributed across multiple brain regions. (janelia.org)
We take a look at some of the other brain regions that have been found to influence our ability to empathize. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Aberration of corticothalamic brain regions in rats exposed to welding fumes. (cdc.gov)

Professor Darryl Eyles has built on past research out of his laboratory at the Queensland Brain Institute linking maternal vitamin D deficiency and brain development disorders, such as schizophrenia, to understand the functional changes taking place in the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
And so, the brain has this privilege, this blood-brain barrier, the pericytes maintain the barrier and we now know through work by a number of research around the world that the blood-brain barrier breaks down in a number of neurological disorders especially in Alzheimer's. (thenakedscientists.com)
Mike - It's amazing really and our work really is driven by the amazing generosity of the patients who are undergoing surgery and also the donations that people with fatal brain disorders give to the brain bank. (thenakedscientists.com)
However, it is unclear whether this onedimensional model is rich enough to capture the multiple neural circuit alterations underlying brain disorders. (biorxiv.org)
An important characteristic of substance use disorders is an underlying change in brain circuits that may persist beyond detoxification, particularly in individuals with severe disorders. (cdc.gov)

From Whole-Brain Data to Functional Circuit Models: The Zebrafish Optomotor Response. (janelia.org)
The functional connections within the limbic system are best summarized by the Papez circuit. (medscape.com)

HAMILTON: Chaudhari says finding a better option may require more research on not only how the brain monitors salt intake but how it interacts with our taste buds. (wvia.org)

Anatomy62

Organisms17

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Psychiatry and Psychology23

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science13

Health Care4

Neuronal8

Brain's11

Mice's brains2

Behavior20

Neurons in the brain4

Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies1

Neuroscience6

Regulate6

Mice13

Cells38

Synaptic4

Synapses5

Neuroscientists1

Underlie1

Behavioral6

Circuitry4

Centers1

Sensory5

Thalamus5

Auditory1

Nerve4

Imbalance5

Instantaneously1

Distinct5

Neural activity2

Dopamine neurons1

Inhibition1

Nervous2

Cortical1

Deep brain stimu1

Function8

Mechanisms3

Elucidate1

Parkinson's1

Study12

Activity10

Organization2

Epilepsy2

Complex circuits1

FMRI1

Autism2

Prefrontal cortex2

Tissue1

Behaviors1

Cortex2

Stimulation1

Insect2

Suggests2

Regions4

Disorders5

Functional2

Salt intake1