Optical FibersRefractometryFiber Optic TechnologyProton TherapyHeavy IonsDecalcification, PathologicLinear Energy TransferMagnetsElectromagnetic RadiationOptical PhenomenaHeavy Ion RadiotherapyEquipment Failure AnalysisTransducersRelative Biological EffectivenessMagnetic FieldsRadiometryLoligoErbiumEquipment DesignScintillation CountingDihydrostreptomycin SulfateX-Ray DiffractionVitreoretinal SurgeryProtonsScattering, RadiationCrystallizationRadiation DosageRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedDose-Response Relationship, RadiationRadiotherapy DosageCalibrationX-RaysPhotonsCarbonMonte Carlo MethodIonsLasersSurface PropertiesReproducibility of ResultsAlgorithmsComputer Simulation