• For BVDV, frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pestiviruses, like bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bear a striking degree of similarity to HCV concerning polyprotein organization, processing, and function. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Despite the insertion of a ubiquitin gene or an internal ribosomal entry site between the NS2 and NS3 coding sequences, the selected chimeric BVDV-1 genomes gave rise to infectious virus progeny. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Cross-infection studies of normal calves infected with homologous pairs of non-cytopathic and cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) showed significant differences in both humoral and cell- mediated immune responses against either biotype over a period of 5 months. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Significant biotype-specific differences were also observed in the lymphocyte proliferative responses of cattle following in vitro stimulation by non-cytopathic/ cytopathic BVDV and the non-structural p80 protein (NS3). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The AsurDx TM Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Ag Test Kit is designed for the detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) non-structural protein p80/p125 antigen in bovine whole blood (with heparin or EDTA), plasma, serum, leucocytes or ear notch samples. (biostoneah.com)
  • Bovine fetus infected with non-cytopathic biotype of BVDV between days 30 and 125 of gestation can develop immune tolerance against the virus and will be born persistently infected (PI) shedding the virus continuously. (biostoneah.com)
  • Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) suppresses a cow's immune system, making the animal susceptible to a host of other infections. (biostoneah.com)
  • BVDV is one of the world's most costly bovine diseases, with losses from reduced herd productivity, health and reproductive efficiency. (biostoneah.com)
  • One of the most immunogenic proteins of BVDV is non-structural NS2/3 (p80/p125), which is essential for the BVDV viral RNA replication and cytopathogenicity. (biostoneah.com)
  • This protein is also highly conserved among pestiviruses and induces a strong humoral immune response in cattle exposed to live BVDV. (biostoneah.com)
  • Therefore, p80/p150 protein is a proper antigen target to detect two major antigenically distinct genotypes of BVDV 1 and 2 in the persistently infected (PI) cattle. (biostoneah.com)
  • This was also the case for the p7 from the related virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The BVD EZR is usually caused by bovine viral diarrhea computer virus (BVDV) which belongs to Pestivirus genus within the family of Flaviviridae.1 The BVDV is capable of producing a broad range of clinical indicators, ranging from most often asymptomatic infection to severe acute disease with indicators from your enteric, reproductive or respiratory organs. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The main viral replication process happens in host cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Replication follows the positive strand RNA virus replication model. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although lacking Poly-A tail at the 3' end of the genome, it contains stem-loop regions that might be involved in viral translation and replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Along this line, in both systems, release of nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is essential for viral RNA replication. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • pDC activation and maturation were observed independently of viral replication and were enhanced in cells in which virus replicates. (stanford.edu)
  • Production of IFNalpha by pDCs following RRV exposure required viral dsRNA and surface proteins, but neither viral replication nor activation by trypsin cleavage of VP4. (stanford.edu)
  • However, the effect of rotavirus NSP1 on viral replication is not well defined. (stanford.edu)
  • As a consequence of this failure, replication of these viruses is severely restricted in IFN-competent wild-type, but not in IFN-deficient (IFN-alpha/beta/gamma receptor- or STAT1-deficient) MEFs. (stanford.edu)
  • In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. (lookformedical.com)
  • For APPV genome detection, we conducted a PCR targeting the nonstructural protein (NS) 3 encoding region and confirmed specificity of amplification by gel electrophoresis ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • An IRES RNA element at the 5'-nontranslated region (NTR) of the viral genome recruits viral and cellular translation factors to initiate viral protein translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes, virions (individual virus particles) contain sections of an animal's genome that have been duplicated, though this is not normally the case. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome contains RNA to encode both structural and nonstructural proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like all flaviviruses, ZIKV is a single-stranded RNA virus with a positive-polarity RNA genome of approximately 11 kb. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The biological function of the differentially expressed circRNAs was determined by protein interaction network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Printed in Great Britain Key words: coronaviruses/genome expression/protein structure REVIEW ARTICLE Coronaviruses: Structure and Genome Expression By W. SPAAN, 1. (pdfroom.com)
  • the finding of extra rna fragments with respect to the regular 11 genome segments suggests the possibility of simultaneous or sequential infection by more than one electropherotype in a single diarrhea event or occurrence of modification in the length of the rna segments during an infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Using 5´ untranslated region reverse transcription-PCR, we detected HPeV in feces of monkeys with diarrhea and sequenced the complete genome of 1 isolate (SH6). (blogspot.com)
  • In this study, we detected HPeV in feces of monkeys with diarrhea and sequenced the complete genome of 1 isolate (SH6). (blogspot.com)
  • Near-Complete Genome Sequence of Lötschberg Virus (Mononegavirales: Filoviridae) Identified in European Perch (Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758). (unibe.ch)
  • Viral proteins are first translated as polyprotein, and then processed into individual structure and non-structure proteins by both viral and host proteases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral and host proteases split this polyprotein into 10 proteins . (microbiologynote.com)
  • ORF1 encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved by the virus-encoded protease into six nonstructural proteins, including the norovirus protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). (researchsquare.com)
  • The polyprotein encoded capsid proteins VP0 (312 aa), VP3 (229 aa), and VP1 (234 aa) and nonstructural proteins 2A (150 aa), 2B (122 aa), 2C (329 aa), 3A (117 aa), 3B (20 aa), 3C (200 aa), and 3D (469 aa). (blogspot.com)
  • The recently discovered atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is capable of inducing neurologic disorder in its host, like other pathogens of this family (e.g., tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zika virus). (cdc.gov)
  • Pestivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Flaviviridae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses in the genus Pestivirus infect mammals, including members of the family Bovidae (which includes cattle, sheep, and goats) and the family Suidae (which includes various species of swine). (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses in Pestivirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pestivirus viruses have a single strand of positive-sense RNA (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Symptoms of Pestivirus infection include diarrhoea, respiratory problems, and bleeding disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • The family Flaviviridae contains three genera of positive-strand RNA viruses, namely, Flavivirus, Hepacivirus (e.g., hepatitis C virus [HCV]), and Pestivirus. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The etiologic agent of CSF, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is one member of the genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lymphocyte proliferation in response to bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • the distribution of viral antigen in intestinal tissues was determined by immunofluorescent staining with anti-simian rotavirus (sa-11) serum. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) -DR plays a crucial role in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously identified the function of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein as an ion channel in artificial lipid bilayers and demonstrated that this in vitro activity is inhibited by amantadine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Subcellular localization and topology of the p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Identification of the major, parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis agent (hepatitis C virus) using a recombinant cDNA approach. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Molecular virology of hepatitis C virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • At the end of the 1980s, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned and formally identified as the cause of the majority of non-A and non-B hepatitis cases. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Barbato G, Cicero DO, Nardi MC, Steinkuhler C, Cortese R, De Francesco R & Bazzo R 1999 The solution structure of the N-terminal proteinase domain of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protein provides new insights into its activation and catalytic mechanism. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Borowski P, Kuhl R, Laufs R, Schulze zur Wiesch J & Heiland M 1999 Identification and characterization of a histone binding site of the non-structural protein 3 of hepatitis C virus. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Borowski P, Schalinski S & Schmitz H 2002 Nucleotide triphosphatase/helicase of hepatitis C virus as a target for antiviral therapy. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Bressanelli S, Tomei L, Roussel A, Incitti I, Vitale RL, Mathieu M, De Francesco R & Rey FA 1999 Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Buckwold VE, Beer BE & Donis RO 2003 Bovine viral diarrhea virus as a surrogate model of hepatitis C virus for the evaluation of antiviral agents. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Cho HS, Ha NC, Kang LW, Chung KM, Back SH, Jang SK & Oh BH 1998 Crystal structure of RNA helicase from genotype 1b hepatitis C virus. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • De Francesco R, Tomei L, Altamura S, Summa V & Migliaccio G 2003 Approaching a new era for hepatitis C virus therapy: inhibitors of the NS3-4A serine protease and the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Johansson A, Poliakov A, Akerblom E, Wiklund K, Lindeberg G, Winiwarter S, Danielson UH, Samuelsson B & Hallberg A 2003 Acyl sulfonamides as potent protease inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus full-Length NS3 (protease-helicase/NTPase): a comparative study of different C-terminals. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Kim DW, Gwack Y, Han JH & Choe J 1995 C-terminal domain of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein contains an RNA helicase activity. (jmolbiochem.com)
  • The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
  • Today, around 170 million people worldwide are infected with HCV, making it five times more common than infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (jmolbiochem.com)
  • Rotavirus infection of primary human pDCs provides a powerful experimental system for the study of mechanisms underlying pDC-mediated innate immunity to viral infection and reveals a potentially novel dsRNA-dependent pathway of IFNalpha induction. (stanford.edu)
  • The Japanese encephalitis virus causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), an infection of the brain (JEV). (microbiologynote.com)
  • Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
  • ZIKV infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of IgM and IgG antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The non-specific clinical presentation can be confused with most other arboviruses particularly dengue and chikungunya virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caused by viral infection from external parasites, it infects the intestinal epithelium and spreads to lymphoid organs. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • Our laboratory is interested in the pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis, specifically in intestinal factors which are critical to the outcome of rotavirus infection which range from asymptomatic viral shedding to severe clinical disease. (stanford.edu)
  • To investigate the epidemiological association of respiratory infection with viral load, HBoV-positive patients were categorized into low- and high-viral-load groups by using 1.0×106 copies/mL as a threshold value. (datexis.com)
  • The lower detection rate and viral load of HBoV in older patients may be attributed to immunity acquired from an infection at a younger age. (datexis.com)
  • Among the 17 HBoV-positive patients who were also positive for infection with other viruses, 10 showed PIV infection. (datexis.com)
  • Therefore, the presence of low copy number of HBoV, detected by molecular method, may indicate prolonged viral shedding or an asymptomatic infection. (datexis.com)
  • These results suggest that single HBoV infection in the high-viral-load group may play an active role in respiratory infection. (datexis.com)
  • These findings are consistent with a Norwegian study that reported detection of HBoV alone and a high-viral-load were associated with respiratory tract infection. (datexis.com)
  • These findings also support the idea that a high-viral-load may be associated with a respiratory infection. (datexis.com)
  • Previous studies have reported that HBoV infection was more prevalent among individuals who had other respiratory viruses [10, 22]. (datexis.com)
  • In infection with the morbillivirus prototype measles virus (MeV), cellular and humoral immunity contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • This invention is also relative to pharmaceutical compounds which contain these chimerical peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of the infection caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 1. Chimerical peptides, characterized by having a primary structure comprising at least one segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease from a virus of the Flaviviridae family and a cell penetrating segment and these peptides are able to inhibit or attenuate the infection by the virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • However, it is not clear whether they are involved in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and host response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are involved in the regulation of host cells after viral infection, there is a lot to unravel to understand the role that circRNAs play in virus-host interactions and viral pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • virus-specific immunity in neonatal and adult mouse rotavirus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • mouse rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mice) was used as a model to study the role of virus-specific immunity in infection and diarrheal disease. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have now, in collaboration with colleagues at the Karolinska University Hospital, investigated the early response to SARS-CoV-2 infection of NK cells, a cell type in the immune system known to be important in the control of viral infections. (debuglies.com)
  • The Classical Swine Fever Virus Antibody Rapid Test is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for the qualitative detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus Antibody (CSFV Ab) in pig's serum, or plasma specimen. (hwtai.com)
  • The detection rate was lower (1.5%) in patients aged more than 10 yr, and these patients belonged exclusively to the low-viral-load group. (datexis.com)
  • molecular diagnostic methods were used for the detection of other respiratory viruses in the other studies whereas we used virus culturing. (datexis.com)
  • As the virus culture was used for the detection of major respiratory viruses, the isolated virus could be the main causative agent of respiratory illness. (datexis.com)
  • In a study performed in Hong Kong, a higher detection rate of HBoV was observed in NPAs positive for common respiratory viruses than in those that were negative for the same. (datexis.com)
  • However, in our study, similar detection rate of HBoV was observed in the samples positive and negative for other respiratory viruses in the R-mix culture (Data are not shown). (datexis.com)
  • rotavirus antibody determination by the neutralization test and electron microscopic detection of viruses in children with acute gastroenteritis]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • epidemic acute gastroenteritis in newborn infants with the immunoelectronoptic detection of virus]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The present article is based on the large amount of sequence data accumulated in these years and focuses on the viral nucleic acids and proteins and their function. (pdfroom.com)
  • Previous observations have shown that rotavirus has both a narrowly defined tissue tropism, essentially mature enterocytes of the intestinal villus tip, and a fairly narrow host range restriction, causing disease mainly in suckling animals and usually only with viral strains derived from the same host species. (stanford.edu)
  • Blydt-Hansen T, Subbarao K, Quennec P, McDonald J. Recovery of respiratory syncytial virus from stethoscopes by conventional culture and polymerase chain reaction. (unt.edu)
  • The frequency of HBoV codetection with other respiratory viruses was 18.3% in the HBoV-positive samples and was lower than the previously published data [4, 20]. (datexis.com)
  • Interestingly, almost all cases (except two) positive for both HBoV and another respiratory virus belonged to the low-viral-load group. (datexis.com)
  • In our study, HBoV-positive patients in the high-viral-load group showed significantly higher pulse rates and respiratory rates than the in the low-viral-load group. (datexis.com)
  • Norovirus, formerly referred to as Norwalk virus, is a very contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis. (medscape.com)
  • Norovirus, formerly referred to as Norwalk virus, is the most common cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in the world. (medscape.com)
  • Noroviruses have been considered as the second most common virus cause of sporadic gastroenteritis after rotavirus in children [2-5]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Viral gastroenteritis is the single most important cause of diarrhea in infancy world-wide and accounts for enormous morbidity and mortality in children in both the developing and developed worlds. (stanford.edu)
  • Additional representatives of the family reviewed in this article are the human (HCV) and bovine (BCV) coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), haemagglutinating encephalitis virus (HEV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (pdfroom.com)
  • long-term study of the etiology of viral gastroenteritis in a children's institution]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • symposium on gastroenteritis-inducing viruses in man and animal. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Viruses in genogroups I, II, and IV are primarily human pathogens, although genogroup II contains a porcine-specific virus. (medscape.com)
  • 5) Mucosal immunity and protection from enteric viral pathogens. (stanford.edu)
  • In pregnant animals live vaccines pose significant risk of vertical transmission of vaccine virus that can occasionally result in complications for calves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vaccination has not proved to be effective for Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), as the presence of BVD has not lessened since the vaccine has been developed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
  • Comments on passive immunity to bovine viral diarrhea. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This study aimed to verify whether LNT administration could relieve diarrhea via improving gut immunity in rotavirus (RV)-challenged weaned pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Then, based on the capacity of enhancing immunity, it is possible that LNT administration improving RV-induced diarrhea also be associated with immune function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viruses can also use circRNAs to interfere with the host antiviral immune response and help to escape immune surveillance and antiviral immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Innate immunity is essential in disease prevention and viral clearance. (debuglies.com)
  • In recent years, however, evidence has emerged on numerous T6SS effectors that interact with related immunity proteins in a range of eukaryotic hosts. (preprints.org)
  • SP reduced CVB induced phosphorylation of activating Panobinostat molecular weight kinase inhibitor transcription component , but didn't alter CVB viral protein synthesis, viral progeny release, cell death, or caspase activation in infected cells. (vegfrinhibitors.com)
  • 1987). M glycoprotein As is the case with the N protein, the M glycoprotein of the various coronaviruses also exhibits different Mr values in polyacrylamide gels (see review by Siddell et al. (pdfroom.com)
  • results showed that glycosylation of vp7 is not required for normal viral morphogenesis and infectivity and suggested that the nonstructural glycoprotein is involved in assembly of the outer capsid. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Structure and supramolecular organization of the canine distemper virus attachment glycoprotein. (unibe.ch)
  • Although increased levels of systemic type I interferon (IFNalpha and beta) correlate with accelerated resolution of rotavirus disease, multiple rotavirus strains, including rhesus rotavirus (RRV), have been demonstrated to antagonize type I IFN production in a variety of epithelial and fibroblast cell types through several mechanisms, including degradation of multiple interferon regulatory factors by a viral nonstructural protein. (stanford.edu)
  • Earlier studies suggest that the strains found in humans resulted from interspecies transmission and reassortment between human and bovine rotavirus strains. (scielo.br)
  • Between 1968 and 2002, 606 strains including 10 human ZIKV strains were isolated in Central and West Africa countries and reported by the WHO Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever of Pasteur Institute in Dakar [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While all coronaviruses contains these proteins, a subset (HEV, HCV-OC43 and BCV) is now recognized to possess an additional glycopolypeptide (gp65), which is unrelated to S or M. N protein The number of amino acids in the N protein has been determined by cloning and sequencing for MHV strains A59 (Armstrong et al. (pdfroom.com)
  • monoclonal antibodies were derived against the sa11 simian, nic bovine, and wa human rotavirus strains and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination inhibition. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • In this study, the possible antigenic determinants of the spike (S1-1, S1-2, S1-3, and S1-4), membrane (ME1 and ME2), and envelope (E) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were predicted, and recombinant L. plantarum strains surface-displaying these epitopes were constructed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Symptomatic infections typically manifest as non-specific febrile illnesses with diarrhea, rigors, headache, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, aseptic meningitis, or encephalitis as well as other symptoms. (microbiologynote.com)
  • As novel regulatory molecules, circRNAs mediate the regulation of viral infections and the cellular immune response, which provide a new perspective for understanding virus-cell interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is likely that the type of NK cell response observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with moderate disease is a canonical NK cell response shared between many types of viral infections, according to the researchers. (debuglies.com)
  • Among the first responders to viral infections, tissue-resident macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) (55) recognize evolutionarily conserved microbial structures termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (56). (debuglies.com)
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The Flaviviridae family of viruses includes the Japanese encephalitis virus, an RNA virus with a diameter of approximately ~ 40-50 nm and cubic symmetry. (microbiologynote.com)
  • The most significant type of viral encephalitis in Asia is Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is brought on by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). (microbiologynote.com)
  • A series of new outbreaks followed over the years, caused by mutation of the initial type, CPV-2, to CPV-2a and then minor further changes in the capsid proteins, leading to the CPV-2b strain (Parrish et al. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • Parvoviruses are small non-enveloped viruses made up of a spherical capsid that carries a single-strand DNA chain. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • HPeV can be classified into at least 8 genotypes on the basis of sequence similarity of their capsid protein (HPeV-1-HPeV-8). (blogspot.com)
  • These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell. (lookformedical.com)
  • Parvo, short for canine parvovirus (CPV), is caused by canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), one of the main enteric viruses affecting dogs. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
  • Generation and functional characterization of bovine bone marrow derived macrophages. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Characterization of pDC responses to viral stimulus by flow cytometry and Luminex revealed that RRV replicates in a small subset of human primary pDCs and, in this RRV-permissive small subset, IFNalpha production is diminished. (stanford.edu)
  • Using a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) model, we demonstrate that heterologous bovine (UK and NCDV) and porcine (OSU) rotaviruses fail to effectively degrade cellular IRF3, resulting in IRF3 activation and beta IFN (IFN-beta) secretion. (stanford.edu)
  • Biomarker expression patterns in Bovine, Canine, Porcine and Avian. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • Molecular specificity of the antibody responses of cattle naturally and experimentally infected with cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus biotypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
  • molecular cloning of double-stranded rna virus genomes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVES In this study, a G10P[14] rotavirus genotype detected in a human stool sample in Honduras during the 2010-2011 rotavirus season, from an unvaccinated 30-month old boy who reported at the hospital with severe diarrhea and vomiting, was characterised to determine the possible evolutionary origin of the rare strain. (scielo.br)
  • Rotavirus (RV) is a major pathogen that induces severe diarrhea in infants and young animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Induction of membrane proliferation by poliovirus proteins 2C and 2BC. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Three structural genes are involved in antigenicity because they are expressed on the virus and involved in the development of capsids: core (C), pre membrane (prM), and envelope (E). The E gene is the most significant and extensively researched of the three. (microbiologynote.com)
  • Computer predictions of its secondary structure have led to a model in which approximately 10~ of the N-terminal part of the molecule is exposed on the outer surface of the virus membrane (see references above and Rottier et al. (pdfroom.com)
  • The virus has a small lipoprotein envelope that surrounds a nucleocapsid composed of core protein . (microbiologynote.com)
  • Demonstration of p7 ion channel activity in cellular membranes and its inhibition by amantadine affirm the protein as a target for future anti-viral chemotherapy. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • So, these newly recognized roles for JNK could possibly open new anti viral strategies with all the use of JNK inhibitors this kind of as SP. (vegfrinhibitors.com)
  • Norwalk virus was officially renamed norovirus by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2002. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, the antibody response in the subgroup of animals inoculated twice with homologous non-cytopathic virus was inversely correlated with the proliferative responses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Prevalence of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever virus in wild and domesticated ruminants by competitive-inhibition ELISA, Journal of Wildlife Diseases. (com.ng)
  • Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)
  • 8. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease which comprise the region Thr20-Leu31 of the NS4A protein from HCV or the structurally equivalent segment of the protein NS4A from other Hepacivirus, or an amino acid sequence showing a sequence similarity higher of equal to the 80% identity. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • One can find now a lot of options to evaluate how SP acts in concert with other inhibitors of intracellular signaling pathways to modulate facets of viral biology. (vegfrinhibitors.com)
  • Here we show that the ion channel activity of HCV p7 expressed in mammalian cells can substitute for that of influenza virus M2 in a cell-based assay. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Evidence that the amantadine-induced, M2-mediated conversion of influenza A virus hemagglutinin to the low pH conformation occurs in an acidic trans Golgi compartment. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Animals who are affected by the virus during early fetal development may become persistently infected (PI) and lack an immune response to BVD. (wikipedia.org)
  • Properties of virion proteins IBV MHV FIPV TGEV 45 50 -* 43 409 455 - 382 BCV 49 448 25 26 - 30 26 224 227 - 245 21 24 - 29 76 81 - 88 127 122 - 128 1,2 4 - 1 128 137 159 158 1162 1235~ 1452 1447 1324§ 537 628~ NAIl NA 717§ 625 607~ NA NA 6O6§ 18 - - 16 28 21 35 32 - JHM +/A59 - * Information not available. (pdfroom.com)
  • NoVs are highly diverse and divided into seven genogroups (GI-GVII) of which GI, GII and GIV have been found among human, and GII is the most popular genogroup in children with acute diarrhea. (researchsquare.com)
  • Hence, it remains essential to test the effects of SP on the choice of distinct virus varieties and cellular results. (vegfrinhibitors.com)
  • New EMBO members' review: viral and bacterial proteins regulating apoptosis at the mitochondrial level. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • LRP6 Is a Functional Receptor for Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus. (unibe.ch)
  • Viruses in genogroup III and V infect bovine and murine species, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
  • Members of the human parechovirus (HPeV) species are small, nonenveloped RNA viruses that are members of the family Picornaviridae, genus Parechovirus. (blogspot.com)
  • Background and Objectives: The Wakayama prefecture is endemic for two types of tick-borne rickettsioses: Japanese spotted fever (JFS) and scrub typhus (ST). Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne hemorrhagic viral disease with a high mortality rate and is often difficult to differentiate from such rickettsioses. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
  • 3. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease, this segment is a peptide able to bind to NS3pro and contact at least one residue comprised in the region Gly21-Lys28 of the N-terminal domain of the NS3pro protein from DV2 or structurally equivalent residues of the NS3pro protein from other Flavivirus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 5. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, where the mentioned segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease contact at least one residue comprised in the region Glu32-Thr38 of the N-terminal domain of the NS3pro protein from HCV or structurally equivalent residues of the NS3pro protein from other Hepacivirus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • If a foetus becomes infected within the first three to four months of gestation, then it will fail to develop antibodies towards the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • By this means, the device can indicate the presence of Classical Swine Fever Virus antibodies in the specimen. (hwtai.com)
  • In the 1970s and 1980s, typing of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) relied solely on immunologic methods involving human clinical samples as the source of antigens and antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • Differences in virus-induced polypeptides in cells infected by cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes of bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Importantly, these data provide the first evidence of IFNalpha induction in primary human pDCs by a dsRNA virus, while simultaneously demonstrating impaired IFNalpha production in primary human cells in which RRV replicates. (stanford.edu)
  • Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • These patients' NK cells generally had higher expression of the proteins perforin, NKG2C and Ksp37, which according to the researchers reflect a high presence of so-called adaptive NK cells. (debuglies.com)
  • Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine, including wild (feral) and domestic pigs [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral envelope protein E2 to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic variability of hepatitis E virus within and between three epidemics in India. (unt.edu)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • These differences in the immune response were not readily apparent for the two other remaining subgroups which had received cytopathic or non-cytopathic biotypes alone following the second inoculation with non-cytopathic or cyto- pathic viruses, respectively. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • 6. Chimerical peptides according to the claim 1, characterized by containing a segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease which comprise the region Asp50-Glu62 of the NS2B protein from DV2 or the structurally equivalent segment of the protein NS2B from other Flavivirus, or an amino acid sequence showing a sequence similarity higher of equal to the 80% identity. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • ORF2 encodes the major structural protein (VP1), and ORF3 encodes a minor structural protein (VP2) [7]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in Asia and Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ZIKV, an emerging neglected virus, was first documented in 1947 when it was isolated from a sentinel rhesus monkey stationed on a tree platform in the Zika forest, Uganda [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities being both phylogenetically closely related, share the same insect vector passage for reaching the host, affinity for the same carbohydrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vertical transmission (viruses crossing the placenta and infecting the fetus) are also common. (wikipedia.org)