13. HPV16 E5 affects the KGFR/FGFR2b-mediated epithelial growth through alteration of the receptor expression, signaling and endocytic traffic. (nih.gov)
Protein20
Part I reviews the E5 protein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1). (nih.gov)
briefly discusses other PV proteins to which the name "E5" has been applied, as well as the E8 protein of BPV4. (nih.gov)
The 44 amino acid E5 protein has been extensively studied by examining the functionality of mutated proteins. (nih.gov)
We discovered that the 44-amino acid transmembrane E5 protein of bovine papillomavirus transforms cells to tumorigenicity by binding to and activating the cellular platelet-derived growth factor receptor. (yale.edu)
We are now using the E5 protein as a scaffold to construct novel, small transmembrane proteins that modulate cell phenotype and virus replication by interacting with a variety of transmembrane target proteins. (yale.edu)
The forty-four amino acid BPV E5 protein is the shortest protein known to cause tumorigenic transformation of cells. (yale.edu)
In transformed cells, the E5 protein exists as a dimeric transmembrane protein with a very hydrophobic central domain that spans the membranes of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. (yale.edu)
We discovered that the E5 protein employs a unique mechanism to transform cells. (yale.edu)
We also showed that direct interactions involving specific transmembrane and juxtamembrane amino acids in the E5 protein and the PDGF ß receptor result in dimerization and trans-phosphorylation of the receptor, and recruitment of cellular signaling molecules into a signal transduction complex. (yale.edu)
Thus, the E5 protein acts as a specific, intramembrane crosslinker of the PDGF ß receptor. (yale.edu)
The E8E2C protein, a negative regulator of viral transcription and replication, is required for extrachromosomal maintenance of human papillomavirus type 31 in keratinocytes. (microbialcell.com)
Brd4 regulation of papillomavirus protein E2 stability. (microbialcell.com)
Identification of a dynein interacting domain in the papillomavirus minor capsid protein L2. (microbialcell.com)
4. Modulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by the human papillomavirus type 16 E5 protein in raft cultures of human keratinocytes. (nih.gov)
7. E5 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 protects human foreskin keratinocytes from UV B-irradiation-induced apoptosis. (nih.gov)
12. The human papillomavirus type 16 E5-protein modulates ligand-dependent activation of the EGF receptor family in the human epithelial cell line HaCaT. (nih.gov)
15. Specific interaction between the bovine papillomavirus E5 transforming protein and the beta receptor for platelet-derived growth factor in stably transformed and acutely transfected cells. (nih.gov)
16. Human papillomavirus type 31 E5 protein supports cell cycle progression and activates late viral functions upon epithelial differentiation. (nih.gov)
The exterior surface of papillomavirus virion is composed of a pentameric L1 capsomer and accommodates up to 72 molecules of a minor capsid protein L2, which is only minimally exposed. (springeropen.com)
Transforms1
1. The E5 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 transforms fibroblasts and effects the downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in keratinocytes. (nih.gov)
Platelet-derive2
It specifically binds to the transmembrane domain of the platelet-derived growth factor ß receptor, a cellular receptor tyrosine kinase, thereby causing receptor activation. (yale.edu)
10. Transformation-specific interaction of the bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor transmembrane domain and the epidermal growth factor receptor cytoplasmic domain. (nih.gov)
Proteins11
Part II reviews the E5(a) proteins of the mucosal papillomaviruses, specifically HPV16, HPV6b, HPV11 and rhesus papillomavirus (RhPV). (nih.gov)
Its small size has led to the hypothesis that E5 acts by modifying the activity of cellular proteins rather than through direct enzymatic activity [26, 29], which is supported by evidence that it forms a complex with various cellular proteins. (nih.gov)
In the differentiated cells, E5 is in close association with capsid proteins, possibly indicating a role in viral maturation such as the induction of DNA synthesis during vegetative replication [3]. (nih.gov)
Many of the biological activities identified for BPV1 E5 are likely to extend to the E5 proteins of the related BPV2, BPV5, deer papillomavirus (DPV), European elk papillomavirus (EEPV) and ovine papillomavirus (OvPV), all of which have extremely similar sequences. (nih.gov)
Comprehensive analysis of host cellular interactions with human papillomavirus E6 proteins identifies new E6 binding partners and reflects viral diversity. (microbialcell.com)
Systematic identification of interactions between host cell proteins and E7 oncoproteins from diverse human papillomaviruses. (microbialcell.com)
Interaction of human papillomavirus type 16 L2 with cellular proteins: identification of novel nuclear body-associated proteins. (microbialcell.com)
3. The human papillomavirus (HPV)-6 and HPV-16 E5 proteins co-operate with HPV-16 E7 in the transformation of primary rodent cells. (nih.gov)
HPV111
Infection by most papillomavirus types, depending on the type, is either asymptomatic (e.g. most Beta-PVs) or causes small benign tumors, known as papillomas or warts (e.g. human papillomavirus 1, HPV6 or HPV11). (wikipedia.org)
Cervical cancer3
HPV16 early gene E5 specifically reduces miRNA-196a in cervical cancer cells. (microbialcell.com)
German scientists first discovered that human papillomavirus can cause cervical cancer [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A major discovery in human etiology recognized that cervical cancer is a consequence of an infection caused by some mucosatropic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). (springeropen.com)
Infection2
We are also using genetic and biochemical techniques to determine how tumor viruses enter cells and have identified novel cellular factors required for polyomavirus and papillomavirus infection. (yale.edu)
However, the authors note that the chimpanzee-specific papillomavirus sequence could have been the result of surface contamination of the zookeeper's skin, as opposed to productive infection. (wikipedia.org)
Interaction1
The E5/PDGF receptor interaction results in growth stimulation and tumorigenic transformation of cells. (yale.edu)
Human keratinocytes1
2. The E5 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 inhibits the acidification of endosomes in human keratinocytes. (nih.gov)
Tumor4
We also showed that repression of the human papillomavirus oncogenes in cervical carcinoma cells activates endogenous tumor suppressor pathways, resulting in cessation of proliferation and rapid entry into a senescent state. (yale.edu)
For many years, we have studied the E5 oncoprotein of bovine papillomavirus (BPV), a small DNA tumor virus closely related to the human papillomaviruses (HPV) that cause a variety of human cancers. (yale.edu)
18. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 RNA expression and cyclin-dependent kinase activity in HPV-immortalized keratinocytes by a ras-dependent pathway. (nih.gov)
20. Epidermal growth factor induction of human papillomavirus type 16 E6/E7 MRNA in tumor cells involves two AP-1 binding sites in the viral enhancer. (nih.gov)
Basal2
The E5 in the basal and upper epithelial cells may be coded for by different mRNAs [3]. (nih.gov)
Papillomaviruses replicate exclusively in the basal layer of the body surface tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Gene5
The E5 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus encodes a small, hydrophobic polypeptide. (microbialcell.com)
9. Human papillomavirus type 11 and 16 E5 represses p21(WafI/SdiI/CipI) gene expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. (nih.gov)
14. Human papillomavirus type 16 E5 gene stimulates the transforming activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor. (nih.gov)
17. The E5 gene of HPV-16 enhances keratinocyte immortalization by full-length DNA. (nih.gov)
19. The E5 gene from human papillomavirus type 16 is an oncogene which enhances growth factor-mediated signal transduction to the nucleus. (nih.gov)
Replication1
citation needed] Individual papillomavirus types tend to be highly adapted to replication in a single animal species. (wikipedia.org)
Sequences1
Although a wide variety of papillomavirus sequences were identified in the study, the authors found little evidence for inter-species transmission. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular1
Different heparan sulfate proteoglycans serve as cellular receptors for human papillomaviruses. (microbialcell.com)
Receptor2
Keratinocyte-secreted laminin 5 can function as a transient receptor for human papillomaviruses by binding virions and transferring them to adjacent cells. (microbialcell.com)
5. Binding of human papillomavirus 16 E5 to the 16 kDa subunit c (proteolipid) of the vacuolar H+-ATPase can be dissociated from the E5-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor overactivation. (nih.gov)
Type4
The human papillomavirus type 16 E5 oncoprotein translocates calpactin I to the perinuclear region. (microbialcell.com)
For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) type 1 tends to infect the soles of the feet, and HPV type 2 the palms of the hands, where they may cause warts. (wikipedia.org)
8. Transforming activities of human papillomavirus type 59 E5, E6 and E7 open reading frames in mouse C127 cells. (nih.gov)
11. The E5 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 enhances endothelin-1-induced keratinocyte growth. (nih.gov)
Viral1
6. Impact of HPV E5 on viral life cycle via EGFR signaling. (nih.gov)
Cells2
Cooperation between E5 and ras in transforming NIH3T3 cells has been shown [80]. (nih.gov)
Additionally, there are descriptions of the presence of papillomavirus DNA in the blood and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (wikipedia.org)
Transformation1
Transformation by E5 has been established in a number of systems, either in the context of a complete BPV genome (with frameshift knockouts of E6 and E7) or under the control of a variety of other heterologous promotors. (nih.gov)
Viruses1
Papillomaviridae is a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses whose members are known as papillomaviruses. (wikipedia.org)
Identified in the early1
Papillomaviruses were first identified in the early 20th century, when it was shown that skin warts, or papillomas, could be transmitted between individuals by a filterable infectious agent. (wikipedia.org)
Variety1
In one study, researchers swabbed the forehead skin of a variety of zoo animals and used PCR to amplify any papillomavirus DNA that might be present. (wikipedia.org)
Early1
Human papillomavirus consists of six genes located in the early region of the genome ( E1 , E2 , E4 , E5 , E6 , E7 ) and two ( L1 and L2 ) in the late region. (springeropen.com)
Growth1
In contrast to the transforming functions of E6 and E7, which seem to involve interference with pathways which normally suppress growth, those of E5 seem to involve activation of growth inducing pathways [53]. (nih.gov)
Types4
Several hundred species of papillomaviruses, traditionally referred to as "types", have been identified infecting all carefully inspected mammals, but also other vertebrates such as birds, snakes, turtles and fish. (wikipedia.org)
Papillomas caused by some types, however, such as human papillomaviruses 16 and 18, carry a risk of becoming cancerous. (wikipedia.org)
All known papillomavirus types infect a particular body surface, typically the skin or mucosal epithelium of the genitals, anus, mouth, or airways. (wikipedia.org)
Over 170 human papillomavirus types have been completely sequenced. (wikipedia.org)
Specific1
One zookeeper was found to be transiently positive for a chimpanzee-specific papillomavirus sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Risk1
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an established risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
Host1
Papillomaviruses are usually considered as highly host- and tissue-tropic, and are thought to rarely be transmitted between species. (wikipedia.org)
Line1
The first line of the figure gives the sequence of E5 for the reference strain [10]. (nih.gov)