Bound complexes are found carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Proteins are first digested in the stomach, where pepsinogens, which are activated to pepsins by a pH of less than 4, hydrolyze them in large molecular weight peptides. (medscape.com)
Upon entering the duodenum, the pancreatic proteases (activated by trypsin, secreted by the pancreas as a proenzyme, trypsinogen, which is subsequently activated by the brush border-bound enterokinase) further split them into low molecular weight peptides and free amino acids. (medscape.com)
Subsequently, brush border-bound peptidases further hydrolyze peptides to release a mixture of free amino acids and small peptides (2-3 amino acid residues). (medscape.com)
Alignment of the amino acid sequence of aprotinin with the Kunitz domains of human proteins allowed the identification and design of a family of peptides, named Angiopeps. (aspetjournals.org)

Neurotrophins bind two classes of receptors, the receptor tyrosine kinase family of Trk (A, B, and C) receptors and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR). (jneurosci.org)
To transmit signals, dopamine is released into the space between neurons (the synaptic cleft), where it attaches (binds) to receptors on the surface of neighboring neurons. (medlineplus.gov)
Transport proteins produced by the liver - thyroid binding globulin (TBG), transthretin and albumin - carry T4 and T3 to the tissues, where they are cleaved from their protein-carriers to become free T4 and free T3 and bind to thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) and exert their metabolic effect. (chriskresser.com)
Sex hormones are steroid hormones that bind with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. (vedantu.com)
Androgen is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that binds to receptors in vertebrates and regulates the production and maintenance of male characteristics. (vedantu.com)
This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)

Through a series of bioactivity assays, we found the transfer to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in a fatty acyl-AMP ligase (FAAL)-dependent manner determined the specificity of lipids selected in the biosynthetic process. (duke.edu)
Finally, free amino acids are taken up by enterocytes through specific Na-linked carrier systems (5 carriers with selective affinities for groups of amino acids are described), whereas dipeptides and tripeptides are translocated into the absorptive epithelial cells by the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), which is a carrier with a broad specificity linked to H entry. (medscape.com)
The human solute carrier gene SLC35B4 encodes a bifunctional nucleotide sugar transporter with specificity for UDP-xylose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. (nih.gov)
Although numerous methods of indirect bioconjugate preparation have been described, a significant number of those reported in the literature have been prepared by exploiting the Avidin-Biotin system, in which, the binding specificity of the protein Avidin (purified from egg white), or Streptavidin (purified from the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii), toward the cofactor Biotin (vitamin H) is utilized to bridge an Avidin conjugated macromolecule with a biotinylated macromolecule. (justia.com)

VWA domains in extracellular eukaryotic proteins mediate adhesion via metal ion-dependent adhesion sites (MIDAS). (embl.de)
Although the majority of VWA-containing proteins are extracellular, the most ancient ones present in all eukaryotes are all intracellular proteins involved in functions such as transcription, DNA repair, ribosomal and membrane transport and the proteasome. (embl.de)
miRNAs are transcribed within cells, but are also found outside cells, called extracellular miRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
Exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies are considered as carriers of extracellular miRNAs ( 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
More than 90% of extracellular miRNAs are vesicle-free, but form a complex with proteins such as Agonaute2 (AGO2) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
A pig sperm protein that binds to the extracellular matrix of the egg in a species-specific manner was recently identified and named zonadhesin (Hardy, D. M., and Garbers, D. L. (1995) J. Biol. (embl.de)
It has been proposed that introducing tyrosine residues into human hemoglobin (e.g. βPhe41Tyr) may be able to reduce the toxicity of the ferryl heme species in extracellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) by facilitating long-range electron transfer from endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. (lu.se)
article{3b754337-9c40-4bb9-9b3f-7d78cf72497f, abstract = {{It has been proposed that introducing tyrosine residues into human hemoglobin (e.g. βPhe41Tyr) may be able to reduce the toxicity of the ferryl heme species in extracellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) by facilitating long-range electron transfer from endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. (lu.se)

The present invention relates to the field of bioconjugate preparation, and more particularly, to a class of bifunctional boronic compound complexing reagents useful for the conjugation of biological macromolecules, and the method of making and using such reagents. (justia.com)
To cause sensitization, a chemical must bind to macromolecules (proteins) in the skin. (cdc.gov)

The stability of the RSA-PPL complex was checked by molecular dynamics. (nature.com)
However, there are significant challenges due to inherent molecular complexity of proteins. (chi-peptalk.com)
Proteins must be folded correctly to fulfill their molecular functions in cells. (mpg.de)
Molecular assistants called chaperones help proteins exploit their inbuilt folding potential and reach the correct three-dimensional structure. (mpg.de)
Newly-synthesized proteins at the ribosomes are not yet able to fulfill their molecular functions in the cell. (mpg.de)
Nascent proteins are protected from intermolecular interactions that would hamper their folding by chaperones, molecular folding assistants. (mpg.de)
Drugs with low molecular weight as antigens can bind to antibodies but are not immunogenic. (biomedres.us)
From the chemical standpoint, the hapten is a low molecular weight chemical agent, that must bind to a large carrier protein to create a conjugate (Figure 1), before being detected by the immune system and eliciting an immunological response. (biomedres.us)
The most common and cost-effective purification method is based on enabling the protein to bind to a specific surface structure by means of a molecular attachment known as a tag," Pecher explains. (biooekonomie.de)
Our research involves a combination of molecular biology, protein biochemistry, organic synthesis and structural studies and provides a strong training for students interested in understanding the organic chemistry of living systems and in pursuing careers in biotechnology, drug design or academia. (tamu.edu)
C2orf18, termed ANT2-binding protein (ANT2BP), might serve as a candidate molecular target for pancreatic cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
The role of the Atorvastatin-β-cyclodextrin complexation in modulating the binding strength of the drug to the model carrier protein bovine serum albumin is studied using absorption and fluorescence spectral measurements and molecular docking. (analchemres.org)
We find applications both in the biophysical/molecular biology field and in the industrial area. (lu.se)

Although PPL is present in the bloodstream, no information is found on the interaction between PPL and rat serum albumin (RSA), the most abundant protein with the function of transporting endo/exogenous molecules. (nature.com)
At Biogen, we are developing a diverse portfolio consisting of small molecules, proteins, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy to target many neurodegenerative diseases. (chi-peptalk.com)
We found an asymmetric motion of the chaperone that is coordinated by the binding and lysis of ATP, energy-carrier molecules. (mpg.de)
Subsequent entry of the final monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose) into the enterocytes through the brush border occurs via carrier molecules. (medscape.com)
They are small molecules that become immunogenic only when they are combined with larger carrier proteins [9,10]. (biomedres.us)
Sometimes these processes are attractive because the molecules would be too complex for conventional chemical synthesis. (biooekonomie.de)
Identification of C2orf18, termed ANT2BP (ANT2-binding protein), as one of the key molecules involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)

The soluble fatty acid desaturases, such as the plant Acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) desaturase family, use acyl carrier protein thioesters as substrates, and use ferredoxin oxidoreductase and ferredoxin as electron donors. (springeropen.com)

Previously undetected bacterial homologues were identified for# plant pathogenesis-related proteins, Pad1, von Willebrand factor type A, src homology 3 and YWTD repeat-containing domains. (embl.de)
Actin has many more protein interaction partners than the bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, but it has lost the ability to fold independently. (mpg.de)
The organization of bacterial cells is less complex than in higher developed cells. (mpg.de)
Bacterial cytoskeletal proteins also require the help of chaperones to effectively reach a folded state. (mpg.de)
In contrast to expectations, none of the major S-layer proteins of the IPEC-1 -adhering strains mediated bacterial adherence. (biomedcentral.com)
S (surface) layers are the outermost cell envelope structures commonly found on the surface of lactobacilli and other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
They are composed of numerous identical (glyco)protein subunits (with a 25-71 kDa size in lactobacilli), which form a regular, symmetric and porous array, completely covering the bacterial cell surface. (biomedcentral.com)
Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)

60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
The pluripotency of the initial cell and the establishment of cell types depend to a large extent on the coordinated deployment of hundreds of transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress the transcription of cell lineage genes 1 . (nature.com)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that act directly on the CMS conferring mitochondrial transcripts by binding them specifically and promoting processing events. (frontiersin.org)
In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that bind specifically to the CMS conferring transcripts in the mitochondria and promote processing events leading to a strong reduction in the production of mitochondrial CMS-inducing proteins (reviewed in Chen and Liu, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. (lookformedical.com)
The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)

Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus. (lookformedical.com)

Cytoplasmic retention of Flcn was canceled with C-terminal truncation of FnipL/Fnip2, suggesting that FnipL/Fnip2 regulates Flcn distribution through their complex formation. (nih.gov)
Background Galectin-9 is a member of the family of lectin proteins and crucially regulates human immune responses, particularly because of its ability to suppress the anticancer activities of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. (bmj.com)

We have structurally characterized the final peptidyl carrier protein domain of the teicoplanin non-ribosomal peptide synthetase machinery: this domain is believed to mediate the interactions with tailoring Oxy enzymes in addition to its function as a shuttle for intermediates between multiple non-ribosomal peptide synthetase domains. (rcsb.org)
Several other genetic backgrounds result in enlargement of the haltere significantly beyond the normal range of haploinsufficient phenotypes, suggesting genetic variation in cofactors that mediate homeotic protein function. (lookformedical.com)

The von Willebrand factor is a large multimeric glycoprotein found in blood plasma. (embl.de)
In von Willebrand factor, the type A domain (vWF) is the prototype for a protein superfamily. (embl.de)
Mammalian von Willebrand factor (VWF), a multifunctional protein involved in maintaining homeostasis. (embl.de)

In comparison with similar proteins that build the cytoskeleton of bacteria, which are evolutionary older and simpler cells, the researchers found fundamental differences in the protein folding. (mpg.de)

Among other things, biocatalytically active proteins (enzymes) can produce an incredible variety of complex biomolecules with potential applications ranging from basic chemicals and fuels to food additives and pharmaceuticals. (biooekonomie.de)
In passive mechanism, diffusion of drug through close junctions of epithelial cells occurs depending on its size and charge while in active transport, uptake of drug is mediated by carrier i.e. active proteins [ 3 - 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)

As versatile and advantageous as the biological synthesis of valuable substances is, it requires not only identifying and genetically optimizing appropriate enzymes, but also efficient production and purification of the target protein, because the single-celled organisms used for protein production also produce a lot of other compounds. (biooekonomie.de)
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. (lookformedical.com)

Fluorescence and 2D Rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopic techniques are used to determine the stoichiometry, the binding contant, and the mode of binding of Atorvastatin to β-cyclodextrin. (analchemres.org)
The results of the binding of the drug to bovine serum albumin in free- and β-cyclodextrin-bound forms. (analchemres.org)
The magnitude of quenching of the fluorescence of bovine serum albumin due to drug binding, an d the Fӧrster energy transfer efficiency between the protein and the drug are decreased in the presence of β-cyclodextrin. (analchemres.org)
The binding constant value of the drug-protein binding in the absence and presence of β-cyclodextrin are 5.36 × 104 M-1 to 2.32 × 104 M-1 respectively. (analchemres.org)
Atorvastatin forms a 1:2 inclusion complex with cyclodextrin. (analchemres.org)
The isopropyl substituent in the pyrrole ring of Atorvastatin binds to β-cyclodextrin. (analchemres.org)
Cyclodextrin modulated the binding of drug to the serum albumin, i.e., the cyclodextrin complex of Atorvastatin binds to bovine serum albumin with diminished binding strength. (analchemres.org)
Pluronic and complexing agent beta cyclodextrin. (omicsonline.org)

In humans the protein is encoded by a single gene found near the inversion telomere of a large inverted region of CHROMOSOME 5. (harvard.edu)
Mutations in the gene coding for survival of motor neuron 1 protein may result in SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD. (harvard.edu)
Survival Motor Neuron Gene Copy Number Analysis by Exome Sequencing: Assisting Spinal Muscular Atrophy Diagnosis and Carrier Screening. (harvard.edu)
This study provided a better understanding of the evolution and functions of the fatty acid desaturases gene family in the four Aspergillus species, and would be useful for seeking methods to improve the production of unsaturated fatty acids and enhance efforts for the genetic improvement of strains to adapt to the complex surrounding environment. (springeropen.com)
Mutations in the gene for the antennapedia homeodomain protein are associated with the conversion of antenna to leg or leg to antenna DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)
Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL). (lookformedical.com)
The SLC6A3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called the dopamine transporter or DAT. (medlineplus.gov)
[ 2 ] The gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate 5 phosphatase, localized to the trans-Golgi complex involved in actin polymerization. (medscape.com)

Phyletic distributions of eukaryotic signalling domains were studied using recently developed sensitive methods for protein sequence analysis, with an emphasis on the detection and accurate enumeration of homologues in bacteria and archaea. (embl.de)
Although utilized extensively, several limitations are known to be associated with the Avidin-Biotin system, which include nonspecific binding generally attributed to the basicity of the Avidin molecule, nonspecific binding attributed to the presence of carbohydrate residues on the Avidin molecule, and background interference associated with the presence of endogenous Biotin, which is ubiquitous in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (justia.com)

So far, it has been believed that the general information on this fold is encoded in the primary protein structure - the sequence of amino acids. (mpg.de)
The finding of this extreme chaperone-dependency breaks with the dogma that all proteins have an inbuilt potential for folding in their amino acid sequence. (mpg.de)
Mutant calreticulin (CALR) proteins resulting from a -1/+2 frameshifting mutation of the CALR exon 9 carry a novel C-terminal amino acid sequence and drive the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). (ox.ac.uk)
The PPR protein family is consequently divided in subfamilies depending on the number and type of repeats present in their sequence as well as optional C-terminal domains. (frontiersin.org)
For both mechanisms a protein carrier/trafficker was required, since galectin-9 lacks a secretion sequence. (bmj.com)
a: oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, b: carrier protein with signal sequence for secretion to the periplasm, c: undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked polysaccharides. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, a co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that the formation of a ternary complex between DJ-1, DJBP, and AR occurred in cells in which DJ-1 bound to the AR via DJBP. (nih.gov)
It was found that DJBP repressed a testosterone-dependent AR transactivation activity in monkey Cos1 cells by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, including HDAC1 and mSin3, and that DJ-1 partially restored its repressed activity by abrogating DJBP-HDAC complex. (nih.gov)
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (MPIB) have demonstrated that actin, the most abundant protein in higher developed cells, does not have the inbuilt potential to fold and instead requires special assistance to fold into its active state. (mpg.de)
Actin is the most abundant protein in highly developed cells and has diverse functions in processes like cell stabilization, cell division and muscle contractions. (mpg.de)
Misfolded proteins can aggregate into toxic clumps, which damage cells and contribute to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. (mpg.de)
In comparison with cells that only carry TpoR, cells that carry both TpoR and mutant CALR are hypersensitive to exogenous mutant CALR proteins and respond to levels of mutant CALR proteins similar to those in patient plasma. (ox.ac.uk)
However, from the cellular perspective, after binding of hapten to a carrier protein and formation of the complexes that are processed inside Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) and presented as a stable hapten-peptide complex to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) settled in the tissues, an immune response will begin [13]. (biomedres.us)
Moreover, the role of the L. amylovorus surface (S) -layers - symmetric, porous arrays of identical protein subunits present as the outermost layer of the cell envelope - in adherence to IPEC-1 cells was assessed using a novel approach which utilized purified cell wall fragments of the strains as carriers for the recombinantly produced S-layer proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Three of the L. amylovorus strains studied adhered to IPEC-1 cells, while four strains inhibited the adherence of E. coli , indicating additional mechanisms other than competition for binding sites being involved in the inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated adhesive and significant pathogen inhibitory efficacies among the swine intestinal L. amylovorus strains studied, pointing to their potential use as probiotic feed supplements, but no independent role could be demonstrated for the major S-layer proteins in adherence to epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This protein is embedded in the membrane of certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain, where it transports a molecule called dopamine into the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Others lead to the production of an abnormally short protein or prevent cells from producing any functional protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Our aims were to elucidate whether T cells can induce galectin-9 secretion in human cancer cells derived from solid malignant tumors and whether this soluble form displays higher systemic immunosuppressive activity compared with the cell surface-based protein. (bmj.com)
Secreted galectin-9 pre-opsonised T cells and, following interaction with other immune checkpoint proteins, their activity was completely attenuated. (bmj.com)
As an example, we studied the cooperation of galectin-9 and V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) proteins in human cancer cells. (bmj.com)
Glycoconjugate synthesis, in particular expression of oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, strongly inhibited growth of E. coli cells after induction, making it necessary to separate biomass growth and recombinant protein expression phases. (biomedcentral.com)
In males, LH stimulates testosterone release by the Leydig cells found in the testes. (popeyesonlineorders.com)
In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin (Hb), as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. (cdc.gov)

Simpler chaperones as they are found in bacteria cannot fold actin into its mature form. (mpg.de)
The CusB protein is part of the CusCBA periplasmic Cu(I) efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, and it was recently reported to play a key role in the functioning of the whole CusCBA system, in which conformational changes as well as the assembly/disassembly process control the opening of the transporter. (biorxiv.org)
In contrast, Cus efflux systems are found in many pathogenic microbes such as Legionella, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and many other Gram-negative bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
Fatty acid desaturases are found in almost all organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. (springeropen.com)
Cariogenic bacteria are found in the complex biofilm which contains many kinds of bacteria called dental plaque. (positivehealth.com)

We found upregulation of the key fructose transporter and metabolizing enzyme mRNAs, Slc2a2 , Khka , and Khkc , and higher ketohexokinase activity in the Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt small intestine relative to the WT, suggesting enhanced metabolism of fructose in the former. (springer.com)
There are two main classes of corticosteroids that are glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids and they are involved in the various processes of the body, consisting of the stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behaviour. (vedantu.com)
This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)

Interaction density function method (IDF) indicated that PPL accessed two cooperative sites in RSA, with moderate binding constants (2.3 × 10 5 M −1 and 1.3 × 10 5 M −1 ). (nature.com)
The interaction between FnipL/Fnip2 and Flcn may be mediated mainly by the C-terminal domains of each protein as is the case for the Flcn-Fnip1 interaction. (nih.gov)
Nevertheless, the exposed part of the drug is found to be sufficient for interaction with the same binding pocket as the free drug binds to. (analchemres.org)
For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)
The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development. (lookformedical.com)
Glucocorticoids are corticosteroids that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, which can be found in nearly every cell of a vertebrate species. (vedantu.com)
Mammalian zonadhesin, which binds in a species-specific manner to the zona pellucida of the egg. (embl.de)
Species diversity in the structure of zonadhesin, a sperm-specific membrane protein containing multiple cell adhesion molecule-like domains. (embl.de)

Recombinant mutant CALR proteins bound and activated the TpoR in cell lines and primary megakaryocytic progenitors from patients with mutated CALR in which they drive thrombopoietin-independent colony formation. (ox.ac.uk)
The presented data demonstrate that glycosylated proteins can be produced in recombinant E. coli at a larger scale. (biomedcentral.com)

Biosynthetic and Chemical Investigation of Lipid II-Binding Antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
Natural products belonging to the lipid II-binding family act as potent antimicrobial agents by disrupting cell wall biosynthesis via sequestering the late-stage intermediate lipid II. (duke.edu)
The first includes efforts to characterize the relationship between structural feature and bioactivity for the lipid II-binding CDA (calcium dependent antibiotic), malacidin. (duke.edu)
Collectively, through each project we have gained a deeper understanding of the structural elements and biosynthetic pathways of lipid II-binding antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
The membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases, which include Δ5-, Δ6-, Δ9-, Δ12- and Δ15-desaturase in the mammals, fungi, insects, higher plants and cyanobacteria, use fatty acids esterified to complex lipid as the substrate, and use cytochrome (cyt) b5 oxidoreductase and cyt b5 as electron donors. (springeropen.com)
Mammalian vitellogenin, a major lipoprotein in many oviparous animals, which is a precursor of a lipid-binding product named as lipovitellin. (embl.de)
[ 4 ] If pancreatitis is likely or potentially threatening and levels of triglycerides are found to be 1000 mg/dL or greater, immediate institution of lipid lowering therapy should begin. (medscape.com)

Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
In this type of hypersensitivity reactions the antibodies produced by the immune response binds to antigens on the patient's own cell surfaces. (ncertmcq.com)
Ig G and Ig M antibodies bind to these antigens and form complexes. (ncertmcq.com)
These antigens and antibodies combine together to form insoluble complex called immune complex. (ncertmcq.com)

We later identified PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT)xalpha as a DJ-1-binding protein, and found that DJ-1 restored androgen receptor (AR) transcription activity that was repressed by PIASxalpha. (nih.gov)

In addition to the binding of DJBP to the COOH-terminal region of DJ-1, DJBP was also found to bind in vitro and in vivo to the DNA-binding domain of the AR in a testosterone-dependent manner and to be colocalized with DJ-1 or AR in the nucleus. (nih.gov)
FnipL/Fnip2 and Flcn were located together in the cytoplasm in a reticular pattern, although solely expressed Flcn was found mainly in the nucleus. (nih.gov)
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)

The genetics of classic, late-onset Fuchs' dystrophy is complex and multifactorial. (eyewiki.org)

The Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain is crucial for the death-inducing and dimerization properties of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 protein family, including Bak, Bax, and Bad. (lookformedical.com)

The subunits are held together and connected to the underlying cell surface by non-covalent interactions, and they spontaneously reassemble in vitro by an entropy-driven process, i.e. the subunit proteins are very poorly water-soluble [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The biosynthesis of the glycopeptide antibiotics, of which teicoplanin and vancomycin are representative members, relies on the combination of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis and modification of the peptide by cytochrome P450 (Oxy) enzymes while the peptide remains bound to the peptide synthesis machinery. (rcsb.org)
The structures exhibit the same general fold as the majority of known carrier protein structures, in spite of the complex biosynthetic role that PCP domains from the final non-ribosomal peptide synthetase module must play in glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis. (rcsb.org)

Like all proteins, actin is "born" at the ribosomes, the protein factories of the cell, which string together amino acids into a long chain. (mpg.de)
They found that vesicles are varied in size and are relatively low in concentration compared with ribosomes and other small complexes. (scienceboard.net)

In some patients these complex induce formation of antibodies, which binds to drugs on RBC and induce complement mediated lysis of RBC and thus produce progressive anaemia. (ncertmcq.com)
These antigen-antibody complexes activate the classical complement pathway leading to vasodilation. (ncertmcq.com)
The complement proteins and antigen-antibody complexes attract leucocytes to the area. (ncertmcq.com)

Other possible binding elements, so-called ligands, which are used as an alternative to heavy metal ions, include antibodies. (biooekonomie.de)

Some of the mutations change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the dopamine transporter protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Although dopamine has a critical role in controlling movement, it is unclear how altered dopamine signaling causes the specific movement abnormalities found in people with dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
It has been reported that solute carrier (SLC) and the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter super families are the major class of membrane transporters [ 14 , 17 ]. (omicsonline.org)

The p.Asn173His mutation affects a residue in the forkhead domain that is 100% conserved among vertebrate orthologs and is predicted to participate in protein-protein interactions. (molvis.org)

For a variety of organisms, close to 30% of the genome is used to encode membrane proteins," said co-author Neha Kamat, PhD, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at McCormick. (scienceboard.net)
Membrane proteins are a really important part of life. (scienceboard.net)
By learning how to use membrane proteins effectively, we can really advance cell-free systems. (scienceboard.net)
This low concentration explains how the inefficiency of previous CFE systems is derived from limitations of membrane protein synthesis, namely the fact that additional vesicle supplementation needed to match protein levels. (scienceboard.net)
According to localization and cofactor requirements, fatty acid desaturases have been broadly classified into two evolutionary groups: soluble and membrane-bound desaturases. (springeropen.com)
In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
VWF mediates the adhesion of platelets to sites of vascular damage by binding to specific platelet membrane glycoproteins and to constituents of exposed connective tissue. (embl.de)

In the current study, the researchers found that increasing vesicle concentration could be useful in making components for protein therapeutics such as conjugate vaccines, which work by attaching a sugar unit -- which is unique to a pathogen -- to a carrier protein. (scienceboard.net)
After induction glycoconjugates generally appeared later than unglycosylated carrier protein, suggesting that glycosylation was the rate-limiting step for synthesis of conjugate vaccines in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
State-of-the art production technologies for conjugate vaccines are complex, multi-step processes (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
The Avidin-Biotin system has been utilized extensively for enzyme-linked immuno solid-phase assay (ELISA), in which an enzyme-Avidin conjugate (useful for detection by reaction with the enzyme's substrate to afford a colored or chemiluminescent product) is employed to detect the presence of a biotinylated antibody, after first binding the antibody to an immobilized antigen or hapten. (justia.com)

Plasma mutant CALR is found in complex with soluble transferrin receptor 1 (sTFR1) that acts as a carrier protein and increases mutant CALR half-life. (ox.ac.uk)

The observed data suggest that the stabilities of antibody coformulations were found to be comparable to the stabilities of individual parental mAbs. (chi-peptalk.com)
Endogenous testosterone released from the sample by ANS (8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid) and norgestrel competes with the added testosterone derivative labeled with ruthenium complex for the binding sites on the biotinylated antibody. (cdc.gov)
1st incubation: 50 µL of sample is incubated with a testosterone- specific biotinylated antibody and a testosterone derivative labeled with a ruthenium complex. (cdc.gov)
The binding sites of the labeled antibody become occupied partly by the sample analyte (depending on its concentration) and partly by the ruthenium-labeled hapten to form the respective immunocomplexes. (cdc.gov)
This reaction occurs when antibody is found in excess. (ncertmcq.com)

Eukaryote genomes are packaged into a nucleoprotein complex known as chromatin. (i-sis.org.uk)
Cytosine modifications directly affect the positioning of nucleosomes (the first level of chromatin organization into chromosome involving the DNA chain wound around a core of 8 histone proteins), and recruit chromatin-modifying complexes that modify histones. (i-sis.org.uk)

None of the strains bound to porcine mucus. (biomedcentral.com)

PGC7/Dpp3a/Stella is targeted to the genome via binding to the heterochromatic histone mark H3K9me2 (this refers to a specific amino acid lysine in position 9 on histone H3 that has 2 methyl groups added). (i-sis.org.uk)
H3K9me2 was found at several paternally methylated imprinted regions in sperm, suggesting that this histone mark signals special sites of the paternal genome where methylation is maintained. (i-sis.org.uk)

A major difference was found between the distributions of enzyme families that are typically found in all three divisions of cellular life and non-enzymatic domain families that are usually eukaryote-specific. (embl.de)
The reduced enzyme activity results in increased enzyme substrate and abnormal actin-binding proteins important in neuronal morphogenesis. (medscape.com)

The factor V Leiden mutation is not uncommon, with the heterozygous carrier state occurring in up to 5% of the US population. (medscape.com)

Drug induced haemolytic anaemia Certain drugs such as penicillin, cephalosporin and streptomycin can absorb non-specifically to protein on surface of RBC forming complex similar to hapten-carrier complex. (ncertmcq.com)

These results suggest that Flcn-FnipL/Fnip2 and Flcn-Fnip1 complexes positively regulate S6K1 phosphorylation and that FnipL/Fnip2 provides an important clue to elucidating the function of Flcn and the pathogenesis of BHD. (nih.gov)

These unusual ORFs are maternally inherited, and effectively translated into novel mitochondrial proteins, with the resulting failure to produce functional pollen as the sole observed phenotype ( Chen and Liu, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
Conversely, maternal cytosine methylation is protected from hydroxylation by the PGC7/Dppa3/Stella protein and methylation pattern is effectively maintained. (i-sis.org.uk)

Importantly, the CALR-sTFR1 complex remains functional for TpoR activation. (ox.ac.uk)
1999 ) provided evidence that p75 NTR can regulate axon extension by signaling through the RhoA pathway, such that the unbound state of p75 NTR activates RhoA, whereas neurotrophin binding to p75 NTR terminates this mode of RhoA activation. (jneurosci.org)
As you can see, the production, distribution and activation of thyroid hormone is complex and involves several other organs and tissues other than the thyroid gland itself. (chriskresser.com)

This protein family is largely expanded in land plant genomes. (frontiersin.org)

The Begley Group is interested in the mechanistic chemistry and enzymology of complex organic transformations, particularly those found on the vitamin biosynthetic pathways. (tamu.edu)

CFE reactions based on the use of Escherichia coli can quickly synthesize grams of protein per liter in batch reactions, are scalable from the nanoliter to 100-L scale, and can be freeze-dried for months of shelf stability. (scienceboard.net)
These are different from that previously described for Escherichia coli Ni-BP NikA, known to bind nickel via a nickelophore, and indicate a variegated ligand selectivity for Ni-BPs. (rcsb.org)

Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)

It is a local immune complex reaction occurring in the skin. (ncertmcq.com)

Carbohydrate, fat, or protein malabsorption is caused by a disorder in the intestinal processes of digestion, transport, or both of these nutrients across the intestinal mucosa into the systemic circulation. (medscape.com)

DJBP mRNA was found to be specifically expressed in the testis. (nih.gov)
Biodistribution of onasemnogene abeparvovec DNA, mRNA and SMN protein in human tissue. (harvard.edu)
Expression of mouse zonadhesin mRNA is evident only within the testis, and the protein is found exclusively on the apical region of the sperm head. (embl.de)

To further characterize the function of DJ-1, we cloned cDNA encoding a novel DJ-1-binding protein, DJBP, by a yeast two-hybrid system. (nih.gov)

What complicates matters is that every known epigenetic information carrier interacts with every other carrier. (i-sis.org.uk)

As adhesion to host tissues is essential for many gastro-intestinal pathogens, the paradigm of competitive exclusion through competition for binding sites has evolved. (biomedcentral.com)
By controlling access to the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of proteins and potential drugs to cerebral tissues. (aspetjournals.org)

The biological functions of Lactobacillus S-layer proteins (Slp:s) are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Alternatively, indirect conjugates encompass those in which two or more components are joined via an intermediary complex involving a biological macromolecule. (justia.com)

They found that upstream extract processing (cell lysis) can be used to tune vesicle concentration. (scienceboard.net)

Typically, proteins spontaneously find their fold - chaperones just assist them by making the process more effective and keeping the protein away from interactions that would hamper folding. (mpg.de)
These structures thus support the hypothesis that it is subtle rearrangements, rather than dramatic conformational changes, which govern carrier protein interactions and selectivity during non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. (rcsb.org)

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. (mdpi.com)
The results highlight the utility of metapangenomic approaches employed across environmental gradients, to decipher the properties and variation in function and ecological traits of specific phylogenetic clades within complex microbiomes. (biomedcentral.com)
The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
The assay is highly sensitive and specific for factor V Leiden, with excellent discrimination between normal individuals and factor V Leiden heterozygous carriers. (medscape.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs127

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes65

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care3

Peptides4

Receptors7

Specificity4

Extracellular8

Macromolecules2

Molecular13

Molecules7

Acyl carrier1

Bacterial8

Genes7

Nucleic acids1

Regulates2

Mediate2

Willebrand3

Similar proteins1

Active proteins2

Substances2

Cyclodextrin8

Gene8

Eukaryotic2

Sequence6

Cells18

Bacteria5

Metabolism3

Interaction4

Species5

Recombinant2

Lipid7

Antigens4

Androgen1

Nucleus3

Genetics1

Homology1

Subunit1

Biosynthesis2

Ribosomes2

Complement3

Ligands1

Transporter3

Vertebrate Orthologs1

Membrane8

Conjugate4

Transferrin1

Antibody5

Chromatin2

Strains1

Genome2

Enzyme2

Mutation1

Hapten1

Positively1

Effectively2

Activation3

Genomes1

Biosynthetic1

Escherichia2

Golgi1

Immune1

Carbohydrate1

MRNA3

Encoding a novel1

Epigenetic1

Tissues2

Biological2

Lysis1

Interactions2

Specific4