Botulinum toxins type a. Medical search. Frequent questions

Botox is a drug made from a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. (nih.gov)
Clostridium botulinum produces all 7 toxin types ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that causes a flaccid muscle paralysis. (jcadonline.com)
Botulinum toxin is a substance produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. (apdaparkinson.org)
It is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin , or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox ), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. (wikipedia.org)
Its alternative name is Clostridium botulinum type - B neurotoxin complex and it is manufactured from purified type - B neurotoxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. (dermalfillersupplier.com)
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic protein produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in soil. (expertmarketresearch.com)
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is released as a progenitor complex, in association with a non-toxic-non-hemagglutinin protein (NTNH) and other associated proteins. (nature.com)
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most toxic substance known to mankind and no therapeutic intervention is currently available for post-exposure treatment. (nature.com)
This is one of several toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. (medscape.com)

Unwanted effects are probably more common with botulinum toxin than with placebo injections. (cochrane.org)
Objective: The aim of the study was a prospective assessment of patient-reported side effects in an open-label study after intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections for idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). (uni-muenchen.de)
Botulinum toxin injections also can improve dystonic muscles. (medscape.com)
It was hypothesized that localized pruritus in LSC, if mediated by acetylcholine sensitive C-fibers, could be blocked by intradermal botulinum toxin type A injections. (jcadonline.com)
Botulinum toxin (botox) injections - can they help your symptoms of Parkinson's disease? (apdaparkinson.org)
Botulinum toxin injections, targeting the particular muscles that are moving excessively, can be effective in all these scenarios. (apdaparkinson.org)
Botulinum toxin injections into the salivary glands can decrease production of saliva and thereby decrease drooling. (apdaparkinson.org)
Botulinum toxin injections into the bladder can relax the bladder thereby allowing for more normal urination. (apdaparkinson.org)
Botox injections (botulinum toxin type A) are used for chronic migraines, spastic disorders, cervical dystonia, and detrusor hyperactivity. (buygenericpills.com)
Botox Allergan vial Injections (botulinum toxin type A) are one of the most popular cosmetic procedures worldwide. (buygenericpills.com)
How Botox Allergan Injections (Botulinum toxin type A) Work? (buygenericpills.com)
Some consider botulinum injections to be a treatment option for children with small- to moderate-angle infantile esotropia. (wikipedia.org)
It's unbelievable to us that people continue to use botulinum A injections when the warning of toxin spread, leading to human botulism is listed right on the prescription label. (never-tox.com)
As state above, negative side effects to Botulinum toxin injections are often underreported. (never-tox.com)
We truly hope that these facts cause people take a pause, and question if botulinum injections are actually safe? (never-tox.com)
Popularly known as BOTOX®, botulinum toxin type A injections are FDA-approved for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. (femalefirst.co.uk)
All received intraprostatic injections of botulinum toxin, 300 units, using a transperineal approach. (urologytimes.com)
The conflicting data raise questions about the efficacy and durability of intraprostatic botulinum toxin injections in men with LUTS associated with BPH, Dr. Larson said, but he recommended that research continue because of the potential benefit of botulinum toxin and the procedure's safety, tolerability, and simplicity. (urologytimes.com)
The market is expected to be augmented by the amendments in the reimbursements policies to cover botulinum injections. (expertmarketresearch.com)
Botulinum toxin (BOTOX) for the treatment of "spastic dysphonia" as part of a trial of toxin injections for the treatment of other cranial dystonias. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin injections are used to treat focal or segmental dystonias. (msdmanuals.com)

Conclusion: Intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin was associated with a high rate of neurourological side effects. (uni-muenchen.de)
Despite repeated instructions, when the patient continued brow overuse subconsciously, an injection of botulinum toxin was given just above both brows. (nih.gov)
We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of localized recalcitrant chronic pruritus in lichen simplex, inverse psoriasis, post-burn itching, lichen planus (hypertrophic), and postherpetic neuralgia. (jcadonline.com)
Today, the injection of botulinum toxin into the muscles that surround the eyes is one of the available options in the management of strabismus. (wikipedia.org)
For patients who have had healthy vision heretofore until a small, horizontal deviation set in suddenly, the injection of botulinum toxin may allow them to maintain the binocular vision skills that had been acquired earlier. (wikipedia.org)

Examples include Botox, Dysport, and Reloxin, which are formulations of botulinum toxin type A. Myobloc is another brand, but it is a formulation of botulinum toxin type B. These products are used for cosmetic and medical reasons. (epnet.com)
The top three noninvasive procedures according to ASPS include botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Dysport and Xeomin), fillers and chemical peels. (plasticsurgery.org)
Botulinum toxin A is available in the United States as BOTOX® (Allergan) and in Europe as Dysport (Speywood), while botulinum toxin B is known as Myobloc in the United States and Neurobloc in Europe. (medscape.com)

It's the same toxin that causes a life-threatening type of food poisoning called botulism . (nih.gov)
Botulism type F causes ≈1% of botulism cases in the United States ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
A recent review described all 13 cases of botulism type F from the USA between 1981 and 2002 ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
These features represent a more precipitous initial course than is typical for type A or type B botulism but a more rapid recovery. (cdc.gov)
We describe a case of botulism type F in an adult who recovered despite the continued presence of toxin in the blood. (cdc.gov)
Botulism is caused by the harmful effects of this toxin. (apdaparkinson.org)
[18] The toxin causes the disease botulism . (wikipedia.org)
We are disappointed and shocked to learn that dozens of sea gulls found suffering or deceased in Huntington Beach this October tested positive for type A botulism. (never-tox.com)
If you are injecting yourself with botulinum A and think that you are safe from contracting Iatrogenic Botulism Disease, then you are ignoring the warning label, and choosing to be misled. (never-tox.com)
There is evidence to consider that Iatrogenic Botulism Disease happens at some level to every person that injects their body with botulinum A. The side effects of the disease may be subtle for some, which causes underreporting to doctors and the FDA. (never-tox.com)
What is the exact AMOUNT OF TOXIN it takes to cause human botulism? (never-tox.com)
A single case of foodborne botulism constitutes a public health emergency, necessitating an urgent response to identify the source and prevent further consumption of the toxin-containing food. (cdc.gov)
We report a case of type F botulism in a patient with bilateral but asymmetric neurologic deficits. (cdc.gov)
Botulinum neurotoxins are classified into 7 types, A-G. Toxin types A, B, and E cause most human botulism, and type F represents only 1% of reported cases ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The source of intoxication with type F botulism among adults is often uncertain but might result from either intestinal colonization with clostridial spores and subsequent intraintestinal toxin production or from ingestion of preformed toxin in contaminated food ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Illness from type F botulism is distinguished by a fulminant onset and short duration ( 1 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
We report atypical type F botulism associated with demyelination of cranial nerves. (cdc.gov)
Botulinum antitoxin was not administered at that time because asymmetric neurologic deficits and lack of exposure to injection-drug use or home-preserved foods made botulism unlikely. (cdc.gov)

To present the case of a patient who presented dental-gingival discrepancy and gummy smile, treated by gingival resection surgery and complemented by the application of botulinum toxin. (bvsalud.org)
A female patient, 23 years old, presented dental-gingival discrepancy and gummy smile, treated by gingival resection surgery and complemented by the application of botulinum toxin. (bvsalud.org)
The gingival resection surgery promoted improvement of dental relationship, caused by increase of dental zenith and the application of botulinum toxin caused uniform dehiscence of the upper lip, increasing the harmony of the smile and improving self-esteem and quality life. (bvsalud.org)

The proliferation of qualified plastic surgeons and their well-established networks play a major role in the dermal fillers and botulinum toxin market . (emailwire.com)
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Nowadays on the market exists a large variety of pharmaceutical products, botulinum products, and dermal fillers. (dermalfillersupplier.com)
Reliable fillers is proud to be a trusted supplier of 100% authentic, fully sealed Botulinum Toxin products that come with a customer satisfaction guarantee. (premier-aesthetics.com)

The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A treatment and surgery for acute acquired comitant esotropia. (bvsalud.org)

Xeomin (botulinum neurotoxin type A) is recommended, within its marketing authorisation, as an option for treating chronic sialorrhoea caused by neurological conditions in adults. (lancashireandsouthcumbriammg.nhs.uk)

Botulinum toxin therapy is used as a valuable agent for therapeutic and cosmetic treatments in the clinical setting. (buygenericpills.com)
The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin-reported adverse effects puts great pressure on cosmetic practice. (buygenericpills.com)
The injection of the toxin to treat strabismus, reported upon in 1981, is considered to be the first ever use of botulinum toxin for therapeutic purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin is used to treat a number of therapeutic indications, many of which are not part of the approved drug label. (wikipedia.org)
When injected intramuscularly at therapeutic doses, botulinum toxin type A produces a partial chemical denervation of the muscle resulting in localized muscle paralysis. (pediatriconcall.com)

Therefore, differences in species sensitivities to different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes precludes extrapolation of animal-dose activity relationships to human dose estimates. (never-tox.com)
The effect of administering different botulinum neurotoxin products at the same time or within several months of each other is unknown. (pediatriconcall.com)

To increase participants understanding of the mechanism of action of Botulinum Toxin Type A and its clinical uses to rejuvenate the face. (confex.com)
In a related development, researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan have elucidated the mechanism for botulinum toxin A in an animal model of BPH. (urologytimes.com)
3 Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A-Mechanism of Actions Botulinum toxin is manufactured with the anaerobic gram-positive bacteriaClostridium botulinumand released being a 150-kDa. (tam-receptor.com)
Mechanism of action of botulinum toxin. (medscape.com)

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) blocks the release of acetylcholine and many other neurotransmitters from the presynaptic vesicle by deactivating soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE) proteins. (jcadonline.com)
When Botulinum toxin is injected into a muscle, it gets taken up by the nerve endings that interface with the muscle, and interferes with the release of acetylcholine, thereby stopping communication between the nerve and the muscle. (apdaparkinson.org)
Botox 50 Units Injection Vial Contains botulinum toxin type A used to block acetylcholine release in the treatment of chronic sialorrhea, muscle spast. (buygenericpills.com)
Botulinum toxin type A blocks neuromuscular conduction by binding to receptor sites on motor nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine. (pediatriconcall.com)
Botulinum toxin affects the neuromuscular junction by binding presynaptically and blocking the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, thereby preventing muscle contraction in the innervated area. (medscape.com)
The toxin does not affect the synthesis or storage of acetylcholine or the conduction of electrical signals along the nerve fiber. (medscape.com)

Injecting botulinum toxin type A (a Botox-like treatment) reduces wrinkles between the eyebrows, and is relatively safe to use. (cochrane.org)
Our confidence in the evidence is moderate to high that botulinum toxin reduces wrinkles between the eyebrows better than a placebo. (cochrane.org)

Objectives: To compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of botulinum toxin type A (BtA) versus placebo in people with cervical dystonia. (edgehill.ac.uk)
Ondo WG, Gollomp S, Galvez-Jimenez N. A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for headache in cervical dystonia. (epnet.com)

The idea that they play an important role is also based on data that suggest drastically-enhanced oral toxicity of the progenitor toxin compared to the purified BoNT 10 . (nature.com)
Scott AB, Suzuki D. Systemic toxicity of botulinum toxin by intramuscular injection in the monkey. (medscape.com)

More studies are needed to assess the longer-term benefits and harms of repeated treatment with botulinum toxin. (cochrane.org)
The studies compared one type of botulinum toxin against another type, against a placebo (an injection that did not contain any botulinum toxin), or against an alternative treatment. (cochrane.org)
Botulinum toxin type A (BontA) is the most frequent treatment for facial wrinkles, but its effectiveness and safety have not previously been assessed in a Cochrane Review. (cochrane.org)
To assess the effects of all commercially available botulinum toxin type A products for the treatment of any type of facial wrinkles. (cochrane.org)
Cost-effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of post-stroke spasticity. (epnet.com)
Botulinum toxin has also been used experimentally in the treatment of many other dermatological conditions with positive results, including persistent facial flushing, gustatory sweating, anal fissures, familial benign pemphigus, dyshidrotic eczema, and surgical wound closures. (jcadonline.com)
In addition, there are causes of urinary problems in PD that are not amenable to Botulinum toxin treatment, so you will need to discuss your particular situation with a urologist. (apdaparkinson.org)
Background: In rehabilitation settings, motor imagery, motor observation and mirror therapy serve as techniques for the recovery of paretic upper limb in patients with movement disorders after stroke, whereas botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) offers the best treatment for focal spasticity. (bris.ac.uk)
Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) is also used in management and treatment for medical and cosmetic purposes. (buygenericpills.com)
Despite the fact that the manufacturer's label exclusively suggests botulinum toxin for the treatment of glabellar lines in people under the age of 65, the toxin is widely used for other cosmetic treatments and in patients over the age of 65. (buygenericpills.com)
Another study reported similar long-term success rates for infantile esotropia treated before 24 months of age by either strabismus surgery or botulinum toxin treatment. (wikipedia.org)
[52] [53] AbobotulinumtoxinA is the first and only FDA-approved botulinum toxin for the treatment of pediatric lower limb spasticity. (wikipedia.org)
The outlook for someone with turkey neck is dependent on which type of treatment or treatments that person uses. (healthline.com)
Neck exercises appear to be the least effective type of treatment, while surgeries and medical procedures are most effective, and cosmetic creams fall somewhere in the middle. (healthline.com)
Treatment of facial lines and wrinkles with botulinum toxin type A has become the most frequently performed cosmetic procedure in the United States today, according to the American Societ. (5minuteconsult.com)
Scottsdale, AZ--Injecting botulinum toxin A (Botox) into the prostate gland shows potential for providing a quick, easy, and safe treatment option for men with lower urinary tract symptoms related to BPH, but two small studies-one from the United States and Chile, and one from Italy-provided equivocal results regarding the efficacy of this investigational approach. (urologytimes.com)
In the second part, 30 patients received 200 units of botulinum toxin or normal saline in a sham-controlled, double-blind study, and sequential MRIs were taken pretreatment and at 1 and 3 months post-treatment to measure prostate volume. (urologytimes.com)
Four patients (25%) in the Italian study required a second botulinum toxin treatment at 2 to 3 months due to lack of effect. (urologytimes.com)
The development of new techniques such as botulinum toxin application may be a more conservative treatment option than surgical intervention (myectomy and Le Fort I osteotomy) in the treatment of gummy smile. (bvsalud.org)

You most likely know that Botulinum toxin (more commonly referred to as Botox®, among other brand names) is used for cosmetic purposes to decrease wrinkles. (apdaparkinson.org)
Tremor - Although Botulinum toxin is not commonly used for this purpose, there are case reports in the literature showing its effective use for the control of tremor. (apdaparkinson.org)
Wondertox is a botulinum toxin, most commonly known as Botox. (dermafiller.shop)
A and B types are the most commonly used. (medscape.com)

Botulinum toxin is the most acutely lethal toxin that is known. (wikipedia.org)
This toxin spreads past the injection site, and damages all body systems, which makes perfect sense because, botulinum is the most 'acutely lethal substance' on the planet! (never-tox.com)

The toxin temporarily weakens targeted muscles. (epnet.com)
The good news is that decades ago, scientists learned how to isolate the toxin and harness its power for medical use, and it can be safely injected into particular muscles in order to decrease unwanted movements of those muscles. (apdaparkinson.org)
Botulinum toxin type A injection is one of the most popular cosmetic procedures used to reduce the appearance of facial lines caused by habitual contraction of facial muscles. (buygenericpills.com)
Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus is a medical technique used sometimes in the management of strabismus, in which botulinum toxin is injected into selected extraocular muscles in order to reduce the misalignment of the eyes. (wikipedia.org)
For treating strabismus, the toxin is used in much diluted form, and the injection is targeted to reach specific muscles that move the eye, thereby temporarily weakening the selected muscles. (wikipedia.org)
After local or general anaesthesia has been applied, the botulinum toxin is injected directly into the selected eye muscles using a specially designed needle electrode that is connected to an electromyography (EMG) apparatus as well as to a syringe containing the botulinum toxin solution. (wikipedia.org)
Muscles weakened by toxin injection recover from paralysis after several months, so injection might seem to need to be repeated, but muscles adapt to the lengths at which they are chronically held, [48] so that if a paralyzed muscle is stretched by its antagonist, it grows longer, while the antagonist shortens, yielding a permanent effect. (wikipedia.org)
The active ingredient of Azzalure is Botulinum Toxin Type A, which causes muscles to relax. (aesthetics-supplies.com)

a second type, abobotulinumtoxinA, received approval for the same indication in 2009. (healthnewstrack.com)

Not all varieties of botulinum toxin seem to be equally effective in reducing crow's feet wrinkles, according to a report published by Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. (healthnewstrack.com)
We found several heterogeneous studies (different types or doses of BontA, number of cycles, and different facial regions) hindering meta-analyses. (cochrane.org)
Men and women between the ages of 40 and 60 who have facial wrinkles induced by recurrent, habitual muscular contractions over time are considered aged patients for BTX Type A Injection. (buygenericpills.com)
We will conclude this post with Injecting any amount of botulinum into your body, medically- or to temporarily smooth away a few beautifully earned (and totally normal) facial lines, is hands down the most foolish thing a person can do. (never-tox.com)
Platysma synkinesis in facial palsy and botulinum toxin type A. (unipv.it)

[46] Botulinum toxin appears to be effective for refractory overactive bladder . (wikipedia.org)

Buy Azzalure Botulinum Toxin Type A 125 Speywood units - Single Pack. (aesthetics-supplies.com)

Atlanta, GA, USA) provided heptavalent (anti-ABCDEFG) equine F(ab′)2 antitoxin, but because of progressive clinical improvement, it was surmised that no toxin remained in circulation, and the antitoxin was not administered. (cdc.gov)

it is produced by a type of bacteria. (cochrane.org)
Botulinum toxin (botox) is made from a type of bacteria. (epnet.com)

Botulinum toxin type A, which is the active component of Allergan Botox 100 Units Injection, is used to treat different spasms and neurological issues. (buygenericpills.com)
Due to specific details of this assay such as the vehicle, dilution scheme and laboratory protocols for the various mouse LD50 assays, Units of biological activity of BOTOX ® cannot be compared to nor converted into Units of any other botulinum toxin or any toxin assessed with any other specific assay method. (never-tox.com)

Injecting botulinum toxin type A probably increases the risk of eyelid drooping. (cochrane.org)

The global botulinum toxin market size was USD 6.57 billion in 2023, driven by the rising demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures across the globe. (expertmarketresearch.com)
The global botulinum toxin industry is being driven by the increasing demand for cosmetic surgeries and minimally invasive procedures across the globe. (expertmarketresearch.com)
Botulinum toxin is a vital component for cosmetic non-invasive surgical procedures. (expertmarketresearch.com)

There are indications that botulinum toxin therapy is as successful as strabismus surgery for patients with binocular vision and that it is less successful than surgery for those who have no binocular vision. (wikipedia.org)

Botulinum toxin, a protein long considered harmful, is now known as a neuromodulator (a chemical that affects nerve impulses) that has cosmetic and medical uses. (healthnewstrack.com)
[19] The toxin is also used commercially for medical and cosmetic purposes. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin is an additional option in the cosmetic improvement of the smile and gives better results when combined with gingival resection surgery. (bvsalud.org)

The similarity of the general architecture between the PTC-E(M) and the previously determined PTC-A(M) strongly suggests that the progenitor M complexes of all botulinum serotypes may have similar molecular arrangement, although the neurotoxins apparently can take very different conformation when they are released from the M complex. (nature.com)

Around 90 of sufferers respond well to the type of healing structure [3 4 Nevertheless a share of sufferers which should not really end up being underestimated are refractory to the plan Fargesin or develop intolerance towards the anticholinergic medications and thus need lower urinary system reconstructions such as for example bladder augmentation to be able Fargesin to attain continent urinary reservoirs with sufficient capability and low pressure. (tam-receptor.com)

Botulinum toxin type A is an active ingredient in Botox Injection that uses a toxin to stop a muscle from moving for a limited period of time. (buygenericpills.com)

The main element words used were botulinum toxin A neurogenic children and bladder. (tam-receptor.com)

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a type of nerve blocker. (nih.gov)
When food contaminated with BoNTs is ingested the toxin passes through the gastrointestinal tract, transcytosed from gut lumen into general blood circulation, binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuronal cells and then is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis into nerve cells. (nature.com)
The binding domain of the type A molecule appears to be the heavy chain, which is selective for cholinergic nerve terminals. (medscape.com)
BOTOX® is internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis, a process in which the plasma membrane of the nerve cell invaginates around the toxin-receptor complex, forming a toxin-containing vesicle inside the nerve terminal. (medscape.com)
After internalization, the light chain of the toxin molecule, which has been demonstrated to contain the transmission-blocking domain, is released into the cytoplasm of the nerve terminal. (medscape.com)

Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is widely used in the management of muscle spasticity in children. (nih.gov)
Botulinum toxin is used in various other medical settings such as dystonia that is not related to Parkinson's disease, migraine, and limb spasticity or stiffness after stroke. (apdaparkinson.org)

Azzalure Botulinum is used to treat deep frown lines that appear vertically between the eyebrows. (aesthetics-supplies.com)
Who should not use this Azzalure ® Botulinum ? (aesthetics-supplies.com)

N-acetyl glucosamine, a natural form of the chemical glucosamine, is found in many types of neck and other antiaging creams. (healthline.com)

At four weeks after injection, all types of botulinum toxin reduced glabellar lines more than a placebo. (cochrane.org)
Two studies compared two different types of botulinum toxin and found no difference between the types for how well they reduced glabellar lines. (cochrane.org)
Botulinum toxin can treat the frown lines on the skin, crow's feet lines, and glabellar lines. (expertmarketresearch.com)
While the cosmetics segment is further divided into glabellar lines, lateral canthal lines (crow's feet), and forehead lines, among others, the non-cosmetics segment is further categorised into dystonia, chronic migraine, ophthalmologic disorders, and others, based on type. (expertmarketresearch.com)

Currently, botulinum toxin type A (BtA) is considered the first line therapy for this condition. (edgehill.ac.uk)
Botulinum toxin A appears to be a safe and effective therapy for the improvement of localized recalcitrant itching in LSC, inverse psoriasis, burns, hypertrophic lichen planus, lichen planus, and symptoms of postherpetic neuralgia. (jcadonline.com)
A study performed in the 1980s found outcomes of surgery to be "more predictable and longer lasting" than those of botulinum toxin therapy. (wikipedia.org)
In a small-scale study, adults whose reading difficulties due to convergence insufficiency had been unsuccessfully addressed by convergence exercises, base-in prism glasses or strabismus surgery showed improved reading after botulinum toxin therapy, maintaining improved reading remaining also after six months. (wikipedia.org)
Botulinum toxin therapy has been reported to be similarly successful as strabismus surgery for patients with binocular vision and less successful than surgery for those who have no binocular vision. (wikipedia.org)
One study found that botulinum toxin therapy had similar long-term success rates for treating infantile esotropia with botulinum toxin A before the age of 12 months as would have been expected from strabismus surgery. (wikipedia.org)

The estimated human median lethal dose of type A toxin is 1.3-2.1 ng /kg intravenously or intramuscularly , 10-13 ng/kg when inhaled, or 1000 ng/kg when taken by mouth. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms6

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes5

Information Science1

Health Care7

Clostridium11

Injections21

Injection of botulinum toxin5

Dysport3

Botulism18

Application of Botulinum Toxin3

Fillers19

Efficacy of botulinum1

Xeomin1

Therapeutic5

Different botulinum neurotoxin2

Mechanism4

Acetylcholine6

Wrinkles between the eyebrows2

Cervical dystonia2

Toxicity2

Treatment19

Commonly4

Acutely lethal2

Muscles8

Indication1

Facial5

Overactive bladder1

Speywood1

Antitoxin was not administered1

Bacteria2

Units2

Injecting1

Procedures3

Indications1

Cosmetic3

Serotypes1

Refractory1

Active ingredient1

Bladder1

Nerve5

Spasticity2

Azzalure2

Chemical1

Glabellar lines4

Therapy6

Intramuscularly1