AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
DiaphysesChondroblastomaBone and BonesBone RemodelingBone DensityFemurTibiaHaversian SystemBone DevelopmentBone ResorptionEpiphysesHumerusBone MarrowBone NeoplasmsPeriosteumBone TransplantationBone MatrixBone Marrow CellsUlnaBone DiseasesRadiusFibulaBone Diseases, MetabolicOsteogenesisCamurati-Engelmann SyndromeBone RegenerationTibial FracturesFracture HealingFracture Fixation, IntramedullaryCalcification, PhysiologicFractures, UnunitedPhysical and Rehabilitation MedicineEncyclopedias as TopicRehabilitation
CorticalMarrowDiaphysisMetaphysesCancellous BoneDistalUpper ExtremityHumerusTissueMedullaryEpiphysesSkeletalPeriosteumResorptionLower ExtremityHumeralTumorsEpiphysisSkeletonFracturesDensityMineralizationHistologyOsteogenesisGraftsLamellarOsteoporosisMetastasesPrimary tumorMusclesModalityHeritableOsteocytesSignaling pathwayAbnormalOsteoclastsCompact boneBiomechanicalCrystalsPain
Cortical14
  • It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrow and adipose tissue (fat). (wikipedia.org)
  • The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of risedronate (RIS) and alfacalcidol (ALF) on the cortical and cancellous bone mass and mechanical properties in ovariectomized rats in a head-to-head fashion. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • At the end of the 8-wk experimental period, bone histomorphometric analyses of the cancellous bone of the proximal tibial metaphysis and cortical bone of the tibial disphysis was performed, and the mechanical properties of the bone were evaluated at the femoral distal metaphysis (FDM) and femoral diaphysis (FD). (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • Thus, the present study clearly showed that RIS and ALF had differential effects on the cortical and cancellous bone mass and mechanical properties in ovariectomized rats. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • For example, marrow involvement of lymphomas is detected better with PET and MR imaging, whereas cortical bone destruction and pathologic fractures are visualized easily with radiography and CT. (radiologykey.com)
  • [ 2 ] Essentially, bone is of 2 types, compact (or cortical) bone and cancellous (or woven) bone. (medscape.com)
  • As the name suggests, compact (cortical) bone is well-packed and densely organized bone. (medscape.com)
  • It constitutes a fibrous connective tissue sheath that surrounds the outer cortical surface of bone, except at joints, where bone is lined by articular cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • The periosteum is a vital structure in bone function, serving to nourish and protect the underlying cortical bone. (medscape.com)
  • Anti-resorptive medications (bisphosphonates and denosumab) primarily increase endocortical bone by bolstering mineralization of endosteal resorption pits and thereby increase cortical thickness and reduce cortical porosity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anabolic medications (teriparatide and abaloparatide) increase the periosteal and endosteal perimeters without large changes in cortical thickness resulting in a larger more structurally sound bone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Osteons (the Haversian system) form structural and functional units of cortical bone. (rattleinnaustin.com)
  • Compact bone (or cortical bone) forms the hard external layer of all bones and surrounds the medullary cavity, or bone marrow. (rattleinnaustin.com)
  • The conclusion is that patients who were late in receiving blood and especially those with thalassaemia intermedia had a more expanded bone marrow with pressure on cortical bone which caused pain in several cases. (ucy.ac.cy)
Marrow9
  • It is a middle tubular part composed of compact bone which surrounds a central marrow cavity which contains red or yellow marrow. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evaluation of bone marrow changes with MR imaging and positron emission tomography (PET) will be discussed as well as post-treatment changes. (radiologykey.com)
  • PET depicts 2-(18F) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-avid lesions in the bone marrow, and MR imaging detects changes by tumor and treatment in the bone marrow composition. (radiologykey.com)
  • In a group of 21 older thalassaemics (33-62 yr) extreme bone marrow expansion was expressed by the reappearance of hypercellular areas, giving the impression of patchiness which affects not only the diaphyses but also the metaphyses. (ucy.ac.cy)
  • Those who survive childbirth present with general failure to thrive, bone marrow failure or characteristic facies. (symptoma.com)
  • It stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. (symptoma.com)
  • Based on review of current literature, this study examined the expression level of 35 genes that are known to be involved in endothelial progenitor cell migration and function in magnetically sorted Lin - /VEGF-R2 + endothelial progenitor cells obtained from the bone marrow of Akita mice in the early stages of diabetes (18 weeks) using RT-PCR and Western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observed a significant increase in the number of Lin - /VEGF-R2 + endothelial progenitor cells within the bone marrow in diabetic mice compared with non-diabetic mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Low SDF-1 expression may contribute to the dysfunctional mobilization of bone marrow Lin - /VEGF-R2 + endothelial progenitor cells, which may contribute to microvascular injury in early diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Diaphysis4
  • The diaphysis (PL: diaphyses) is the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • The technique devised involved the demineralisation of only the diaphysis of the bone, leaving the bone ends intact. (ulster.ac.uk)
  • the narrowest part of the diaphysis is often referred to as the isthmus of the long bone. (medscape.com)
  • Do bone geometric properties of the proximal femoral diaphysis reflect loading history, muscle properties, or body dimensions? (tuni.fi)
Metaphyses3
Cancellous Bone7
  • RIS prevented the decrease in the cancellous bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) noted in ovariectomized rats in a dose-dependent manner, by suppressing increases in cancellous bone formation and resorption, without any apparent effect on the Ct Ar or maximum load of the FDM or FD. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • On the other hand, ALF increased the cancellous BV/TV, Ct Ar, and maximum load of the FDM or FD, by mildly decreasing cancellous bone formation and resorption, increasing periosteal and endocortical bone formation, and preventing an increase in endocortical bone resorption. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • The relative quantities of compact and cancellous bone vary in different locations, depending on the relative requirements for strength and flexibility, respectively, at a given site. (medscape.com)
  • Compact bone forms a shell around cancellous bone and is the primary component of the long bones of the arm and leg and other bones, where its greater strength and rigidity are needed. (rattleinnaustin.com)
  • Femoral and humeral diaphyses were tested in 4-point bending, metatarsals in torsion and cancellous bone from the femora and humeri in compression. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • An indentation test examined the properties of cancellous bone material, while the femoral neck bending test examined the properties of the bone as an organ by reproducing the in vivo events leading to a shear fracture of the hip. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Parathyroid hormone did not restore cancellous bone density of OVX to sham levels but restored biomechanical strength. (qmul.ac.uk)
Distal2
  • The diagnostic criteria for PLB include lymphoma within a single bone with or without regional nodal metastases and the absence of distal lesions within 6 months following the diagnosis. (radiologykey.com)
  • When PLB involves more than one bone without distal metastases, it is recognized as a subgroup of PLB and termed primary multifocal osseous lymphoma or multifocal primary lymphoma of bone. (radiologykey.com)
Upper Extremity1
  • This case provides a referenceable alternative method for repairing large segmental bone defects due to complex nonunion of the upper extremity, as well as a remedy in the unfortunate event of radial nerve palsy, providing a reference and lessons learned for the treatment of similar cases and the management of possible complications. (biomedcentral.com)
Humerus2
  • Ewing's sarcoma can occur anywhere in the body, however it usually presents itself in the pelvis as well as the long bones - femur, humerus, and ribs. (dfwsarcoma.com)
  • At the end of the distraction period, the patient unfortunately developed right radial nerve paresis, which was salvaged by forearm tendon transplantation, and finally reconstructed hand function and achieved bone union of the humerus. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue8
  • The results indicate that hypophosphatemic mice have increased bone remodelling, increased carbonate content and decreased crystallinity of the bone mineral, as well as increased misalignment of crystallites within the bone tissue. (iucr.org)
  • effective because of the different electrical potentials within bone tissue. (wordinfo.info)
  • A benign tumor of bone tissue in the medullary cavity (tissue which fills the cavities) of a bone. (wordinfo.info)
  • This article reviews imaging features of lymphoma of bone, muscles, cutaneous, and subcutaneous tissue. (radiologykey.com)
  • Cancellous (woven) bone, on the other hand, has loosely woven lattices with relatively less dense organization of the bone tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Ewing's sarcoma usually begins in the bones but can also affect the soft tissue. (dfwsarcoma.com)
  • Compact bone tissue consists of units called osteons or Haversian systems. (rattleinnaustin.com)
  • Periosteal (or juxtacortical) tumors as primary surface lesions arise from the periosteum or the soft tissue in the immediate proximity of the cortex of the bone. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Medullary1
  • Osteoclasts remodel the bone by removing bone at the metaphyseal areas and at inner surface of the diaphyses to create the medullary cavity. (vin.com)
Epiphyses1
  • The well-arranged cartilage is continued to cover the bony ends of the long bones, i.e., epiphyses, allowing for growth in diameter of these epiphyses. (vin.com)
Skeletal5
  • However, bone metabolic diseases and/or malnutrition can disrupt the ability of the organism to mineralize the collagen matrix, causing skeletal malformations such as rickets or osteoporosis. (iucr.org)
  • This review retreats to basic principles in order to advance clinical management of fragility fractures by examining how skeletal biomechanics, size, shape, and ultra-structural properties are the ultimate predictors of bone strength. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was introduced in the mid-1980s as a rapid and safe imaging modality to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) and predict skeletal fracture risk [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional classification of the most highly expressed transcripts were analyzed, and the pathway analysis indicated that ossification, bone remodeling, and cartilage development were uniquely enriched in the PC whereas both the PC and RZ showed pathway enrichment for skeletal development, extracellular matrix structural constituent, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, collagen, extracellular matrix, and extracellular matrix part pathways . (heightquest.com)
  • Progressive skeletal dysplasia (dysostosis multiplex) involving all bones is universal, as is progressive arthropathy involving most joints. (nih.gov)
Periosteum7
  • The increase in diameter of the diaphyseal bone takes place by direct apposition of osteoid by the osteoblasts originating from the periosteum. (vin.com)
  • Bone is covered by a membrane called the periosteum. (medscape.com)
  • The periosteum is attached to bone by fine fibers called Sharpey fibers. (medscape.com)
  • This function is especially evident with subcutaneous bones like the tibia: when such bones are exposed and injured, their very survival may depend on the presence or absence of periosteum. (medscape.com)
  • Periosteum is essential for appositional growth and remodeling of bone. (medscape.com)
  • It can be found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. (rattleinnaustin.com)
  • Any of the mesenchymal elements present along the bone surface or the pluripotent cells found in the periosteum may give rise to these surface lesions. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Resorption1
Lower Extremity3
  • Bones of Lower Extremity" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Bones of Lower Extremity" by people in this website by year, and whether "Bones of Lower Extremity" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Bones of Lower Extremity" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
Humeral3
  • Humeral nonunion with significant bone loss or shortening is uncommon and poses a complex clinical problem. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We present a case of humeral nonunion with a large segmental bone defect treated with the distraction osteogenesis technique and remedy the radial nerve palsy produced during distraction osteogenesis by forearm tendon transfers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distraction osteogenesis, although not a panacea for all humeral nonunions with significant segmental bone loss, does offer a viable salvage procedure in this unusual and often complex clinical problem. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors5
  • Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) is rare, comprising less than 1% of all lymphomas, 5% of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 3% to 5% of all primary bone tumors. (radiologykey.com)
  • PLB initially was described as reticulum cell sarcoma by Oberling in 1928, to distinguish it from other primary malignant bone tumors. (radiologykey.com)
  • The overall survival rate for PLB is better than the survival rates for other primary bone tumors. (radiologykey.com)
  • Because of this Ewing's sarcoma is considered one of the most aggressive bone tumors. (dfwsarcoma.com)
  • While Ewing's sarcoma typically implies bone tumors, primitive neuroectodermal tumors are not associated with bones. (dfwsarcoma.com)
Epiphysis1
  • Long bone Epiphysis Metaphysis OED 2nd edition, 1989. (wikipedia.org)
Skeleton5
  • Juveniles, especially those with poor nutrition, are vulnerable because strontium, as an imperfect surrogate for calcium, interferes with bone mineralization in the developing skeleton. (cdc.gov)
  • OH 86 represents the earliest MHL hand bone in the fossil record, of a size and shape that differs not only from all australopiths, but also from the phalangeal bones of the penecontemporaneous and geographically proximate OH 7 partial hand skeleton (part of the Homo habilis holotype). (nature.com)
  • This article provides an overview of the basic anatomy of the human skeleton, bones, and joints (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The appendicular skeleton comprises the bones of the extremities. (medscape.com)
  • The human skeleton consists of 213 bones, of which 126 are part of the appendicular skeleton, 74 are part of the axial skeleton, and 6 are part of the auditory ossicles. (medscape.com)
Fractures1
  • Electric stimulation of the fractures can accelerate osteogenesis, forming bone more quickly in the area of a surgically inserted negative electrode. (wordinfo.info)
Density8
  • Sclerosing bone disorder (SBD) is a heterogeneous group of monogenic diseases characterized by increased bone density. (nature.com)
  • Lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was low and similar to age-matched patients with OI type IV. (wiley.com)
  • An elevation in bone density in one or more diaphyses of the arms. (nih.gov)
  • DXA scanners generate 2 dimensional images of complex 3 dimensional structures, and report bone density as the quotient of the bone mineral content divided by the bone area. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An obvious pitfall of this method is that a larger bone will convey superior strength, but may in fact have the same bone density as a smaller bone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current osteoporosis medications increase bone density and reduce fracture risk but the mechanisms of these actions vary. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biomechanical variables were related to Bone Mineral Density, a measure of bone mass currently in use in clinical practice, by scanning the bones using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) before mechanical testing took place. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Total bone mineral density was strongly correlated with indentation strength (r=0.92). (qmul.ac.uk)
Mineralization2
  • This makes probing the effect of bone-mineralization-related diseases a complicated task. (iucr.org)
  • Therefore, probing the consequences of changes in bone mineral chemistry is an important area of research to understand the impact of altered mineralization on bone functionality. (iucr.org)
Histology2
  • Qualitative histology of iliac crest bone biopsy specimens showed an absence of the birefringent pattern of normal lamellar bone under polarized light, often with a "fish-scale" pattern. (wiley.com)
  • Fossil bone histology reveals ancient origins for rapid juvenile growth in tetrapods. (uchicago.edu)
Osteogenesis1
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disease of bone in which the hallmark is bone fragility. (wiley.com)
Grafts1
  • The affected limb can often be saved with techniques such as bone grafts, rotationplasty and prosthetic implants. (dfwsarcoma.com)
Lamellar1
Osteoporosis1
  • Effects of osteoporosis and drugs on bone biomechanics. (qmul.ac.uk)
Metastases1
  • This test can rule out 'skip metastases' (spread of the tumor to other areas of the bone). (sarcomahelp.org)
Primary tumor1
  • An MRI of the entire bone where the primary tumor is located. (sarcomahelp.org)
Muscles1
  • There can be joint and bone deformities and contractures (permanently fixed, tight muscles and joints). (anatomic.us)
Modality1
  • The evaluation of musculoskeletal lymphoma often requires more than one imaging modality and may include radiography, bone scintigraphy, CT, MR imaging, and/or PET. (radiologykey.com)
Heritable1
  • Bone formation represents a heritable trait regulated by many signals and complex mechanisms. (nature.com)
Osteocytes2
  • Between the rings of matrix, the bone cells (osteocytes) are located in spaces called lacunae. (rattleinnaustin.com)
  • In recent years, emerging evidences have shown that the osteon structure (including osteocytes, lamellae, lacunocanalicular network, and Haversian canals) plays critical roles in bone mechanics and turnover. (rattleinnaustin.com)
Signaling pathway1
  • Our findings establish a previously unreported SBD entity and demonstrate a regulatory mechanism in the BMP signaling pathway that impacts bone formation and development. (nature.com)
Abnormal1
Osteoclasts1
Compact bone12
Biomechanical1
  • Reconstructing Application: poor, biomechanical, and effective bones. (hweiteh.com)
Crystals2
  • Bone is a complex inorganic-organic hybrid material, comprising nano-sized carbonate apatite crystals mineralizing a collagen matrix. (iucr.org)
  • Increasing the carbonate content of bone apatite crystals is expected to have consequences for their physical properties and functionality. (iucr.org)
Pain3
  • Other radioactive strontium isotopes have been employed for medical uses: 89Sr (as MetastronTM) as a cancer therapeutic for the relief of bone pain and 85Sr in the radiologic imaging of bone. (cdc.gov)
  • Pain in a bone or in the bones. (wordinfo.info)
  • The most common symptom is bone pain (61%), but B symptoms (fever, night sweat, and weight loss) are rare (13%) in PLB. (radiologykey.com)