Lymph node bNeedleTissueSpongyCore biopsyProcedureSolid bone marrowFlow cytometryLymphomaTransplantSkin biopsyCancerSpread to the bone maDiagnosisAbnormalLiquid marrowCellsMultiple myelomaAnemiaPlateletsDoctorsLiverChild'sSurgicalLeukemiaSamplePatientsTransplantationPolycythemia veraStemHypoplasiaProceduresFindingsNeutropeniaSternumLymphocytesDisorderBonesTumorInfectionClonalSmallSyringeDiagnoseFluid
Lymph node b3
- Patients with fewer than 5000 B-lymphocytes/µL with lymphadenopathy and without cytopenias more likely have small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), although this diagnosis should be confirmed by lymph node biopsy. (medscape.com)
- Lymph node biopsy: A small piece of tissue is removed from a lymph node and looked at under a microscope. (mdanderson.org)
- Lymph node biopsy. (uhhospitals.org)
Needle19
- The aspiration and biopsy are done by a trained medical practitioner (nurse or doctor) using a small needle inserted into a bone. (kidshealth.org)
- A small amount of anesthetic medicine will be injected through the numb spot on the skin to prevent pain as the bone marrow needle is inserted through the skin and soft tissues. (kidshealth.org)
- For the bone marrow aspiration, the doctor or nurse will carefully insert a needle into the biopsy site and will then attach a syringe to draw out a sample of fluid from inside the bone. (kidshealth.org)
- For the biopsy, a different kind of needle will be inserted into the same area to remove a small sample of bone. (kidshealth.org)
- If your child is drowsy, the injected anesthetic may sting a bit for a minute or two and he or she might also feel the pressure of the biopsy needle pushing in. (kidshealth.org)
- Bone marrow aspiration is a procedure that takes out a small amount of bone marrow fluid through a needle. (alberta.ca)
- Bone marrow biopsy uses a needle to take out a small amount of bone with the marrow inside it. (alberta.ca)
- He or she will put a needle through your skin and into your bone to reach the bone marrow. (alberta.ca)
- The Jamshidi-Swaim biopsy needle was utilized to perform 205 bone marrow biopsies, accompanied by simultaneous bone marrow aspirates, on patients with lymphoma, leukaemia, and a variety of solid tumours. (bmj.com)
- The doctor then puts a needle into a large bone, usually the hip, and removes a small amount of bone marrow. (kidshealth.org)
- Using a thin, hollow needle, we remove bone marrow samples to check for signs of leukemia. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- A small amount of bone marrow may be removed with a needle. (uhhospitals.org)
- A bone marrow aspiration removes a sample of the fluid with a needle. (cancer.net)
- A bone marrow biopsy is the removal of a small amount of solid tissue using a hollow needle. (cancer.net)
- Our Bone Marrow biopsy needle sets are made for atraumatic bone marrow biopsy. (moeller-medical.com)
- The tissue sample is securely fixed by using a combination of a special extraction needle and the tapered lumen of the biopsy needle. (moeller-medical.com)
- The doctor uses a hollow needle to remove a small amount of marrow cells (aspiration) and a small piece of bone filled with marrow (biopsy). (lls.org)
- Small yeast forms were seen in fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes without evidence of malignancy ( Image 1 ). (cap.org)
- The finding of small yeast in fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes suggests a variety of yeast and yeast-like organisms as well as yeast mimics. (cap.org)
Tissue17
- Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. (wikipedia.org)
- It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow can give rise to hematopoietic lineage cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, which can be isolated from the primary culture of bone marrow stroma, can give rise to bone, adipose, and cartilage tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- The composition of marrow is dynamic, as the mixture of cellular and non-cellular components (connective tissue) shifts with age and in response to systemic factors. (wikipedia.org)
- The stroma of the bone marrow includes all tissue not directly involved in the marrow's primary function of hematopoiesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell types that constitute the bone marrow stroma include: fibroblasts (reticular connective tissue) macrophages, which contribute especially to red blood cell production, as they deliver iron for hemoglobin production. (wikipedia.org)
- Your bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside the bone where all the components of blood, including platelets, are produced. (healthline.com)
- In a biopsy, the doctor takes a small sample of tissue for testing in a laboratory. (cancer.net)
- The appearance of the bone marrow tissue, along with blood cell counts and chromosomal analysis (see below), is needed to confirm a diagnosis of MDS. (cancer.net)
- The primary way amyloidosis is diagnosed is with a tissue biopsy. (emedicinehealth.com)
- This test looks at a small amount of bone marrow fluid (aspiration), solid bone marrow tissue (called a core biopsy) often from the hip bones, or both. (chkd.org)
- Lymph tissue is found throughout your body, including in your digestive tract, tonsils and bone marrow. (scripps.org)
- Expert Alert: Proton beam therapy for bone cancer spares surrounding tissue July 13, 2022, 04:00 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
- Your doctor uses a bone marrow test to examine the fluid and tissue in your marrow. (lls.org)
- Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that produce monoclonal immunoglobulin and invade and destroy adjacent bone tissue. (merckmanuals.com)
- In rare cases, polycythemia vera can lead to other blood diseases, including a progressive disorder in which bone marrow is replaced with scar tissue, a condition in which stem cells don't mature or function properly, or cancer of the blood and bone marrow (acute leukemia). (sparrow.org)
- Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
Spongy3
- Bone marrow aspirations and biopsies are performed to examine bone marrow, the spongy liquid part of the bone where blood cells are made. (kidshealth.org)
- Bone marrow is a spongy material inside the bones that makes white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. (kidshealth.org)
- The spongy center of your bones, which is called the bone marrow, makes blood cells. (webmd.com)
Core biopsy1
- Obtain an excisional biopsy (or, if that is not possible, a core biopsy) of an involved node. (medscape.com)
Procedure5
- Numbing cream may be placed on the aspiration and biopsy site about 30 minutes before the procedure. (kidshealth.org)
- The biopsy site may feel slightly sore the day after the procedure and might have a small bruise. (kidshealth.org)
- The procedure can also be done to collect bone marrow for medical procedures, such as stem cell transplant or chromosomal analysis. (alberta.ca)
- The choice of these drugs depends on the procedure location (ward or operating room), procedure type (bone marrow biopsy, aspiration, or lumbar puncture), child's age, and whether the patient is outpatient or inpatient. (brieflands.com)
- Some patients experience slight bone pain for a few days after the procedure. (lls.org)
Solid bone marrow1
- A bone marrow biopsy involves taking a sample of solid bone marrow material. (sparrow.org)
Flow cytometry2
- Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy with flow cytometry is not required in all cases of CLL. (medscape.com)
- Marrow samples can also be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), flow cytometry, immunophenotyping, karyotype tests and polymerase chain reaction . (lls.org)
Lymphoma6
- Check to see if a known cancer, such as Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, has spread to the bone marrow. (alberta.ca)
- Biopsy is essential to establish a diagnosis of lymphoma. (medscape.com)
- Because the chromosomal t(14;18) translocation is found in the majority of patients with follicular lymphoma, bone marrow aspiration and chromosome analysis can also help establish the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
- Most patients with follicular lymphoma present at an advanced stage, and most patients have bone marrow involvement at diagnosis. (medscape.com)
- Immunophenotyping: Cells from a lymph node, blood or bone marrow are examined with a microscope to determine what type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells are present. (mdanderson.org)
- A definitive diagnosis of lymphoma (both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin types) usually requires a biopsy. (moffitt.org)
Transplant4
- They also may be done to collect a bone marrow sample for procedures (such as a stem cell transplant ) or other testing (such as chromosomal analysis). (kidshealth.org)
- Collect a sample of bone marrow for medical procedures, such as stem cell transplant or chromosomal analysis. (alberta.ca)
- HLA testing for possible future bone marrow transplant. (oncolink.org)
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and bone marrow transplant patients are admitted to Doernbecher Children's Hospital state-of-the-art 21-bed unit, known as 10-South. (ohsu.edu)
Skin biopsy1
- A skin biopsy is usually done to diagnose types C and C1. (mountsinai.org)
Cancer21
- They also may be used to find out if a cancer has spread to the bone marrow. (alberta.ca)
- Bone marrow transplants can be conducted to treat severe diseases of the bone marrow, including certain forms of cancer such as leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
- Tabatabaei S M N , Miri-Aliabad G, Borjian Boroojeny S, Arab A. Sedative and Analgesic Effects of Intravenous Midazolam and Ketamine Combination in Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy of Childhood Cancer. (brieflands.com)
- This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam and ketamine combination in bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in children with cancer. (brieflands.com)
- Invasive procedures such as bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are now an integral part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for children with cancer. (brieflands.com)
- Leukemia is a blood cancer that causes abnormal white blood cells to grow in the bone marrow and move into the bloodstream. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines also recommend the use of serum free light chain assay and plasma cell fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on bone marrow: del 13, del 17p13, t(4;14), t(11;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), 1q21 amplification, 1p deletion as part of the initial diagnostic workup. (medscape.com)
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center bone marrow transplantation program, in partnership with the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA), is the largest program in the world. (dnatube.com)
- For most types of cancer, a biopsy is the only sure way for the doctor to know if an area of the body has cancer. (cancer.net)
- If it stays enlarged or gets bigger, the next step is a biopsy to check in a lab for cancer cells. (rchsd.org)
- Being around certain chemicals, like benzene and pesticides, as well as some types of cancer and cancer treatments including chemotherapy and radiation , can hurt your bone marrow's ability to make WBCs. (webmd.com)
- Mayo Clinic doctors and researchers are investigating new ways to diagnose and treat bone cancer. (mayoclinic.org)
- See a list of publications by Mayo Clinic doctors on bone cancer on PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine. (mayoclinic.org)
- Living with bone cancer? (mayoclinic.org)
- As per the international Cancer Agencies, the cancer incidence rate may reach 23 million by 2030 that indicates urgency of the arrival of maximum number of less invasive, more efficient and accurate diagnostic devices like Biopsy Devices in to the market. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Biopsy Devices are recognized as the most essential tools not only in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer but also in detection of cancer stage. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Rising cancer incidence and prevalence rate, increasing demand for minimal invasive protocols, existence of large geriatric population, growing public awareness about the diseases and diagnostics options, emerging nascent biopsy techniques, assistance offered by the government and global health organization are some of the factors contributing to the growth of the Biopsy Devices market. (researchandmarkets.com)
- The tests help determine whether cancer or another disease is affecting blood cells or marrow, as well as the extent of the disease. (lls.org)
- For patients already undergoing cancer treatment, periodic marrow tests can reveal whether marrow function is beginning to return to normal. (lls.org)
- Leukemia is cancer of the blood and develops in the bone marrow. (texaschildrens.org)
- There are different types of AML, but this is usually a cancer of the blood in which too many granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced in the marrow. (texaschildrens.org)
Spread to the bone ma1
- Find infections or tumours that may start in or spread to the bone marrow. (alberta.ca)
Diagnosis5
- The presence of a cytopenia caused by clonal bone marrow involvement establishes the diagnosis of CLL regardless of the peripheral B-lymphocyte count. (medscape.com)
- If a biopsy is not possible, the doctor may suggest other tests that will help make a diagnosis. (cancer.net)
- In both cases bone marrow examinations revealed the typical criteria for myelodysplasia and this diagnosis was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis. (karger.com)
- Diagnosis typically requires demonstration of M-protein (sometimes present in urine and not serum but rarely absent entirely) and/or light-chain proteinuria, and excessive plasma cells in the bone marrow. (merckmanuals.com)
- Cytologic testing may not differentiate between a liposarcoma and a lipoma, so a surgical biopsy is recommended for diagnosis. (ivis.org)
Abnormal3
- Your doctor may recommend running laboratory tests on a bone marrow sample to identify mutations in specific genes, abnormal proteins, and other factors unique to MDS. (cancer.net)
- In severe cases, abnormal bone marrow cells are replaced with donor bone marrow. (chkd.org)
- When a child has leukemia, the bone marrow, for an unknown reason, begins to make abnormal blood cells (usually white blood cells) that do not mature correctly, but continue to reproduce themselves. (texaschildrens.org)
Liquid marrow2
- In a bone marrow aspiration , a small amount of liquid marrow is taken from inside the bone so the cells can be examined under a microscope. (kidshealth.org)
- A bone marrow aspiration is used to remove a liquid marrow sample. (lls.org)
Cells31
- After treatment has been started, a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy may be done to see if the leukemia cells are gone. (alberta.ca)
- This condition is defined by the finding of a hypoplastic bone marrow that has fatty replacement and that may have relatively increased nonhematopoietic elements, such as mast cells. (medscape.com)
- Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity. (wikipedia.org)
- Several types of stem cells are related to bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
- In humans, marrow is colloquially characterized as "red" or "yellow" marrow (Latin: medulla ossium rubra, Latin: medulla ossium flava, respectively) depending on the prevalence of hematopoietic cells vs fat cells. (wikipedia.org)
- At the cellular level, the main functional component of bone marrow includes the progenitor cells which are destined to mature into blood and lymphoid cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day. (wikipedia.org)
- Marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells which give rise to the three classes of blood cells that are found in circulation: white blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). (wikipedia.org)
- adipocytes (fat cells) osteoblasts (synthesize bone) osteoclasts (resorb bone) endothelial cells, which form the sinusoids. (wikipedia.org)
- These derive from endothelial stem cells, which are also present in the bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
- The bone marrow stroma contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are also known as marrow stromal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- MSCs have been shown to differentiate, in vitro or in vivo, into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, marrow adipocytes and beta-pancreatic islets cells. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] The blood vessels of the bone marrow constitute a barrier, inhibiting immature blood cells from leaving the marrow. (wikipedia.org)
- Hematopoietic stem cells may also cross the bone marrow barrier, and may thus be harvested from blood. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] The red bone marrow is a key element of the lymphatic system, being one of the primary lymphoid organs that generate lymphocytes from immature hematopoietic progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
- With leukemia (loo-KEE-mee-uh), the bone marrow makes white blood cells that don't work. (kidshealth.org)
- This happens when bone marrow stops making the usual amount of red blood cells. (kidshealth.org)
- As leukemia cells multiply, they interfere with the production of healthy blood cells and bone marrow function. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate in bone marrow, resulting in an overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein (M protein), destruction of bone, and displacement of other hematopoietic cell lines. (medscape.com)
- Bone marrow aspirate demonstrating plasma cells of multiple myeloma. (medscape.com)
- Looking at the chromosomes of the cells in the blood and bone marrow shows specific abnormalities that help doctors tell the difference between MDS and other blood disorders. (cancer.net)
- Remission is when there are less than 5% blast cells in the bone marrow. (oncolink.org)
- Hemolytic anemia is a group of disorders in which the red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can make them. (chkd.org)
- Some changes to blood cells can be detected in marrow samples before they can be seen in blood samples. (lls.org)
- Lesions are caused by bone replacement by expanding plasmacytomas or by cytokines that are secreted by malignant plasma cells that activate osteoclasts and suppress osteoblasts, leading to bone loss. (merckmanuals.com)
- When the immature white blood cells, called blasts, begin to crowd out other healthy cells in the bone marrow, the child experiences the symptoms of leukemia (such as fevers, infections, anemia, bone pain, or bleeding). (texaschildrens.org)
- It causes your bone marrow to make too many red blood cells. (sparrow.org)
- But in polycythemia vera, your bone marrow makes too many of some of these blood cells. (sparrow.org)
- Myelodysplastic syndrome is a group of disorders when the blood cells produced in the bone marrow do not mature into healthy cells. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
- Stem cells in bone marrow form different types of blood cells. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
- The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Multiple myeloma1
- Find blood disorders, such as leukemia , certain anemias, or problems that affect the bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or polycythemia vera . (alberta.ca)
Anemia4
- Aplastic anemia is diagnosed with blood and bone marrow studies. (medscape.com)
- Symptoms related to bone marrow dysfunction, such as anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia, are rare at presentation but can also be observed in the later stages of the disease. (medscape.com)
- Aplastic anemia is a syndrome of bone marrow failure characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia. (medscape.com)
- Paul Ehrlich introduced the concept of aplastic anemia in 1888 when he studied the case of a pregnant woman who died of bone marrow failure. (medscape.com)
Platelets2
- In rare cases, you may be given a blood product (clotting factor or platelets) into a vein ( IV ) in your arm to prevent bleeding after the biopsy. (alberta.ca)
- Thrombopoietin helps control the number of circulating platelets by stimulating the bone marrow to produce megakaryocytes. (merckmanuals.com)
Doctors1
- Doctors perform bone marrow aspirations and biopsies when they're concerned about a problem in the bone marrow. (kidshealth.org)
Liver1
- They crowd the bone marrow, enter the bloodstream, and can spread to other parts of the body, like the lymph nodes, brain, or liver. (kidshealth.org)
Child's1
- The person performing the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy will know your child's medical history, but might ask additional questions, such as what medicines your child is taking or whether he or she has any allergies. (kidshealth.org)
Surgical1
- If the disease is extranodal, a surgical biopsy sample should be obtained from the involved organ. (medscape.com)
Leukemia2
- Bone marrow is transplanted primarily in leukemia. (dnatube.com)
- With acute lymphocytic leukemia, the bone marrow makes too many of these lymphocytes and they do not mature correctly. (texaschildrens.org)
Sample9
- Some kids feel a quick sharp cramp as the liquid bone marrow is withdrawn for the aspiration or as the sample of bone marrow is removed for the biopsy. (kidshealth.org)
- If you have an infection, a culture and sensitivity test of the bone marrow sample may be used to find out which antibiotics will work best to treat the infection. (alberta.ca)
- Adults usually have a sample of bone marrow fluid taken from the back of the pelvic bone. (alberta.ca)
- In rare cases a fluid sample is removed from the front of the pelvic bone. (alberta.ca)
- Babies and young children may have the sample taken from the front of the lower leg bone, just below the knee. (alberta.ca)
- The doctor may want to take a sample of your bone marrow to see if it's healthy. (webmd.com)
- The test can be done using a blood or bone marrow sample. (wikidoc.org)
- If your doctor suspects that you have polycythemia vera, he or she might recommend collecting a sample of your bone marrow through a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy. (sparrow.org)
- During an aspiration, your doctor withdraws a sample of the liquid portion of your marrow. (sparrow.org)
Patients1
- Le taux élevé de nouvelles infections par le virus de l'hépatite B observé dans cette étude met en évidence la nécessité d'un meilleur dépistage des produits sanguins et d'une meilleure observance des techniques d'asepsie dans la prise en charge de ce groupe de patients. (who.int)
Transplantation2
- Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Allogeneic HSCT Allogeneic stem cell transplantation Myelodysplasia Stem Cell. (karger.com)
- The clinical training exposes fellows to all domains of our subspecialty including general oncology, hematology, bone marrow transplantation, palliative care, and neuro-oncology. (ohsu.edu)
Polycythemia vera1
- If you have polycythemia vera, analysis of your bone marrow or blood might show the gene mutation that's associated with the disease. (sparrow.org)
Stem1
- The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
Hypoplasia1
- Bone marrow examination revealed intermittent hypoplasia without myelodysplasia or leukaemia. (karger.com)
Procedures3
- The hip bone is the most often used area for these procedures. (alberta.ca)
- These 2 procedures are done to examine the bone marrow. (cancer.net)
- These procedures are often done at the same time and may be called a bone marrow examination. (cancer.net)
Neutropenia1
- Mayo Clinic: "Low white blood cell count," "Neutropenia," "Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)," "Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration. (webmd.com)
Sternum3
- In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. (wikipedia.org)
- In adults, red marrow is found mainly in the central skeleton, such as the pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs, vertebrae and scapulae, and variably found in the proximal epiphyseal ends of long bones such as the femur and humerus. (wikipedia.org)
- The infinitely variable distance ring is made for variable penetration depth, for instance when performing sternum biopsy. (moeller-medical.com)
Lymphocytes1
- The bone marrow and thymus constitute the primary lymphoid tissues involved in the production and early selection of lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Disorder1
- Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common type in the U.S. and is caused by a bone marrow disorder. (emedicinehealth.com)
Bones2
- For example, a newborn baby's bones exclusively contain hematopoietically active "red" marrow, and there is a progressive conversion towards "yellow" marrow with age. (wikipedia.org)
- Bone marrow is a thick liquid found in the center of some bones. (uhhospitals.org)
Tumor3
- Careful examination is necessary to exclude metastatic tumor foci on biopsy, as occasionally metastatic tumor deposits may cause pancytopenia. (medscape.com)
- Tests include imaging studies and biopsy of the tumor. (childrensnational.org)
- Tumor biopsy. (childrensnational.org)
Infection2
- Aspiration and biopsy are often done to find a blood problem or an infection. (alberta.ca)
- Strongyloides infection was diagnosed via small bowel and stomach biopsies. (cdc.gov)
Clonal1
- Marrow karyotype revealed a clonal chromosomal abnormality which included trisomy 8 and absence of the Y chromosome. (karger.com)
Small4
- In a bone marrow biopsy , a small piece of intact bone marrow is removed so the structure of the bone marrow inside its bony framework can be examined. (kidshealth.org)
- A bone marrow biopsy is used to remove a small amount of bone filled with marrow. (lls.org)
- Small bowel biopsy was conducted and results are presented ( Image 2 , Image 3 , and Image 4 ). (cap.org)
- Image 2: Small bowel biopsy with villi. (cap.org)
Syringe1
- The luer lock hub is for simple and safe attachment of an aspiration syringe. (moeller-medical.com)
Diagnose2
- This type of biopsy is needed to diagnose NHL. (uhhospitals.org)
- A blood or bone marrow test can be done to diagnose types A and B. The test can tell who has the disease, but does not show if you are a carrier. (mountsinai.org)
Fluid1
- Furthermore, bone marrow performs a valve-like function to prevent the backflow of lymphatic fluid in the lymphatic system. (wikipedia.org)