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IsotopesIsotope LabelingBone and BonesNitrogen IsotopesAlveolar Bone LossCarbon IsotopesOxygen IsotopesBone DensityBone RemodelingBone ResorptionZinc IsotopesOsteoporosisDeuteriumBone Diseases, MetabolicBone MarrowMass SpectrometryBone DevelopmentBone DiseasesBone NeoplasmsBone Marrow CellsIron IsotopesOsteoclastsSulfur IsotopesIndicator Dilution TechniquesFemurBone RegenerationProteomicsChromatography, LiquidFractures, BoneOsteoporosis, PostmenopausalGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryBone TransplantationFood ChainBone MatrixTandem Mass SpectrometryOsteogenesisRANK LigandOsteoblastsAbsorptiometry, PhotonOvariectomyPeriodontitisRadioisotope Dilution TechniqueTibiaBone Marrow TransplantationForensic SciencesProteomeDiphosphonatesOsteocalcinRadioactive TracersBone Density Conservation AgentsX-Ray MicrotomographyMummiesBone SubstitutesDietAmino AcidsRadiometric DatingAbsorptionBone Morphogenetic ProteinsIntestinal AbsorptionFemur NeckHand BonesTime FactorsOsteolysisAnimal MigrationRadiusStrontium IsotopesKineticsCalcium IsotopesAlveolar ProcessCarbonZinc RadioisotopesBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Alkaline PhosphataseMineralsOsteoprotegerinMaxillary DiseasesBiological AvailabilityDeuterium OxideEtidronic AcidEcosystemSpineTooth CervixMolecular Sequence DataAlendronateCalcium, DietaryModels, BiologicalBone CementsBacteroidaceae InfectionsNitrogenPelvic BonesBiological MarkersCalcification, PhysiologicMethaneMetacarpusLumbar VertebraeTemporal BoneHydrogenPeptidesMice, Inbred C57BLParathyroid Hormone
Nitrogen isotope dataCollagenRadioactive isotopesCalciumCarbonIsotopicZincDensityRatiosTrophicChemically24.6EnamelPredominantlyWidelyRadiationMarrowTissuesMeasurementsSerumPostmenopausal osteoporosisDataOsteoporosisElectronAnalysisDeterminationRatioNaturallyMineral contentDecayResorptionMethodsCorticalArchaeologicalRevealScientistsPrehistoricHumansProximalRadiocarbonRadioisotopeStudyDietTurnoverProteinDiseasesNuclearHumanFoodSkeletalBulking steroidsTargetsUnstable
Nitrogen isotope data1
  • This omnivorous diet also differs from most nitrogen isotope data of humans in other regions of the world for that time period, where a meat-rich diet is almost consistently discerned. (sciencedaily.com)
Collagen17
  • 0.05) were found between sexes, social status, or for bone collagen δ 13 C and δ 34 Sbetween age groups, δ 15 N did differ significantly with age, which may be related to tooth loss in old individuals. (springer.com)
  • Additionally, the human samples have higher stable isotope differences, in comparison with faunal samples, than would be expected within the food web, particularly for δ 13 C. This human bone collagen δ 13 C enrichment may reflect a diet rich in aquatic protein intake, which is also supported by δ 34 S archived in human and faunal samples, and the presence of oysters and cockles shells at the excavation. (springer.com)
  • δ 13 C in bone collagen can also help in identifying freshwater resources. (springer.com)
  • This fractionation enables the use of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ 15 N) to infer trophic level, and high δ 15 N recorded in bone collagen usually indicates high-protein diets (Sponheimer et al. (springer.com)
  • Bone collagen δ 15 N can also be used to analyse access to freshwater resources, as organisms in these ecosystems exhibit higher δ 15 N than those in terrestrial ecosystems (van Klinken et al. (springer.com)
  • The δ 15 N enamel of modern African mammals shows a 3.7‰ increase between herbivores and carnivores as expected from trophic enrichment, and there is a strong positive correlation between δ 15 N enamel and δ 15 N bone-collagen values from the same individuals. (blueskytccaalibaba.com)
  • Additionally, δ 15 N enamel values of Late Pleistocene fossil teeth preserve diet and trophic level information, despite complete diagenetic loss of collagen in the same specimens. (blueskytccaalibaba.com)
  • Radiocarbon dating is a well-established technique that estimates the ages of bones by analysing the collagen still present. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we used imaging technology to quantify the presence of collagen in bone samples in a non-destructive way to select the most suitable samples (or sample regions) to be submitted to radiocarbon dating analysis. (nature.com)
  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) that was connected to a camera with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used along with a chemometric model to create chemical images of the distribution of collagen in ancient bones. (nature.com)
  • The good news, however, is that even sites with poor collagen preservation may have some bones that retain a fair amount of collagen or at least enough to perform a 14 C analysis. (nature.com)
  • However, it is extremely difficult, costly and time consuming to analyse all the bones present at one archaeological site for collagen preservation, as it would entail high costs for pretreatment in the 14 C lab, and analysis itself. (nature.com)
  • Because of the diagenetic alteration of collagen over time, large starting weights of Palaeolithic bones (≥500 mg bone material) are necessary to extract sufficient collagen for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dating (minimum 1% yield) 5 . (nature.com)
  • Therefore, obtaining preliminary, non-destructive information about the distribution of collagen on a bone sample is crucial. (nature.com)
  • It is in this context that the technique described here really shines because it allows us to obtain information both on the location and on the content of the collagen still present in a bone sample. (nature.com)
  • In our study we examined stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in polar bear bone collagen. (yahoo.com)
  • However, the collagen in bones and teeth needed to do these analyses is not easily conservable. (sciencedaily.com)
Radioactive isotopes4
Calcium13
  • It can also detect the loss of calcium in the hip and back bones, allowing the ability to diagnose osteoporosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Put to actual use they let you prevent idiopathic calcium stones and preserve bone mineral. (uchicago.edu)
  • Calcium absorption and whole-body bone mineral content are greater in young adolescents who receive 8 g/d of Synergy, a mixture of inulin-type fructans (ITF), compared with those who received a maltodextrin control. (vilof-inulin.com)
  • Milk products are good sources of calcium and their consumption may reduce bone resorption and thus contribute to prevent bone loss. (vilof-inulin.com)
  • We tested the hypothesis that bedtime consumption of fermented milk supplemented with calcium inhibits the nocturnally enhanced bone resorption more markedly than fermented milk alone, and postulated that this effect was most pronounced when calcium absorption enhancers were added. (vilof-inulin.com)
  • As an osteolabs partner laboratory, you are one of the first in the world to offer fractional calcium isotope determination using a mass spectrometer for the diagnosis of calcium mineral balance in the skeleton and generalized osteoporosis. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • This was to be expected due to the detection of calcium loss already at earlier stages and the observation of the whole skeleton. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • Calcium (Ca++) occurs in food in isotopes of different weights, e.g. 42Ca or 44Ca. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • The calcium isotopes are stable and not radioactive. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • The measurement reflects the calcium build-up/loss, which can be converted into grams/day. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • The graph shows the differences in the calcium isotope marker (CIM) in different materials in healthy people and people with osteoporosis. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • Spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women supplemented with calcium and trace minerals. (therapeuticresearch.com)
  • The other cations have done pretty well, sodium in terms of volume regulation, potassium in terms of Nernst-Equation problems (like sudden cardiac loss of life) and calcium with regards to bone disease. (irjs.info)
Carbon8
  • This study is the first of its kind to analyse carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope data from skeletons of the eleventh-seventeenth centuries in Portugal. (springer.com)
  • Richards and Hedges 1999 ), especially when combined with carbon isotope data. (springer.com)
  • While traditional stable isotope analyses of tooth enamel (e.g., carbon and oxygen) and trace element ratios (e.g. (blueskytccaalibaba.com)
  • In the Arctic, the base of the food web is sourced from two categories: sea ice-associated algae and open-water phytoplankton, which are distinguishable through their carbon isotopes. (yahoo.com)
  • The relative abundance of carbon isotopes does not change as they are transferred through the food web, so these isotopes tell us about the carbon sources at the base of the food web. (yahoo.com)
  • The results of the carbon isotopes tell a less encouraging story, however. (yahoo.com)
  • Another kind of analysis performed in this study -- stable carbon isotopes analysis -- indicates that the food consumed came strictly from forested environments," says Élise Dufour, researcher at the National Natural History Museum of Paris. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Together, the zinc and carbon isotope results may suggest a mix of specialized adaptations to tropical rainforests seen from other Southeast Asian archaeological sites. (sciencedaily.com)
Isotopic3
  • Isotopic techniques offer an incomparable advantage over the traditional tracking methods, as they are non-invasive and do not necessitate the recapture of the same animals," said Leonard Wassenaar, Head of the IAEA's Isotope Hydrology Laboratory . (iaea.org)
  • Then, in 1996, research by Leonard Wassenaar and Keith Hobson, who at the time were isotope scientists for Environment Canada , demonstrated that isotopic techniques can be used to determine the origin of individual animals. (iaea.org)
  • Isotopic research is based on measuring deuterium - a rare isotope of hydrogen - in rainwater, which is directly absorbed by plants or ingested by animals and humans. (iaea.org)
Zinc6
  • An international team of scientists has now applied a new method to investigate the diet of fossil humans: the analysis of stable zinc isotopes from tooth enamel. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this study, researchers analysed the zinc stable isotope ratios from animal and human teeth from two sites in the Huà Pan Province of Laos: Tam Pà Ling and the nearby site of Nam Lot. (sciencedaily.com)
  • New methods -- such as zinc isotope analysis of enamel -- can now overcome these limitations and allow us to investigate teeth from regions and periods we could not study before," says study leader Thomas Tütken, professor at the Johannes Gutenberg University's Institute of Geosciences. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With zinc stable isotope ratios, we can now study Tam Pà Ling and learn what kind of food our earliest ancestors in this region were eating. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When we compare the zinc isotope values from the fossil Homo sapiens of Tam Pà Ling to that of the animals, it strongly suggests that its diet contained both plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It will be interesting, in the future, to compare our zinc isotope data with data from other prehistoric human species of Southeast Asia, like Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis , and see if we could understand better why they went extinct while our species survived," concludes first author Nicolas Bourgon, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (sciencedaily.com)
Density9
  • It is used as a gamma ray source for X-ray absorptiometry and fluorescence, for bone density gauges for osteoporosis screening, and for radiometric profiling in the Lixiscope portable x-ray imaging system, also known as the Lixi Profiler. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bone mineral density, biochemical markers of bone remodeling, calciotropic hormone levels, biochemically evaluated nutritional and immunologic status, and muscle strength were measured every 6 months. (acpjournals.org)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicory fructan fiber supplementation on bone mineral density, apparent absorption of minerals and serum parameters related to bone turnover in postmenopausal women. (vilof-inulin.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Assessment of cortical bone porosity and geometry by imaging in vivo can provide useful information about bone quality that is independent of bone mineral density (BMD). (galileo-training.com)
  • Sex- and site-specific, age-related changes in bone density - a Terry collection study. (galileo-training.com)
  • Values below the threshold indicate osteoporosis, a DXA measurement may be recommended to determine the current bone density. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • It induces amenorrhoea, raising concern about effects on bone density. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The 2C model assumes constant values for water content (hydration fraction), bone mineral content (BMC), and density of fat-free mass, but these do vary between ethnicities, age groups, pubertal status, pregnancy, weight loss status, and in patients with deranged hydration (e.g. chronic renal failure, cirrhosis). (measurement-toolkit.org)
  • A Bone Density scan (DEXA) measures the density and mineral content in bone, most often in the hip or lower spine. (radnet.com)
Ratios1
  • Analysis of stable isotope ratios from mineralised tissue has been widely used for dietary reconstruction. (springer.com)
Trophic3
  • In this study, we show that the nitrogen isotope composition of organic matter preserved in mammalian tooth enamel (δ 15 N enamel ) records diet and trophic position. (blueskytccaalibaba.com)
  • In contrast, the nitrogen (N) isotope ratio of organic material (expressed as δ 15 N vs. AIR in ‰, where δ 15 N = [( 15 N/ 14 N sample / 15 N/ 14 N reference ) − 1] × 1000) derived from bulk tissues or specific compounds (e.g., amino acids) is a widely used proxy for the dietary and trophic behavior of animals in terrestrial and marine food webs. (blueskytccaalibaba.com)
  • Despite the potential of nitrogen isotopes for trophic reconstruction, their application in the paleontological record has been limited due to the poor preservation of N-containing organic matter. (blueskytccaalibaba.com)
Chemically2
  • Isotopes react chemically in the same way, but have different weights. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • All four isotopes behave the same chemically, so any combination of the four would have the same chemical effect on your body. (cdc.gov)
24.61
  • Katzenberg and Weber ( 1999 ) observed a range of − 14.2 to − 24.6‰ in fish bones in Siberia with higher δ 13 C in species inhabiting shallow waters and lower δ 13 C for fish inhabiting deeper open waters on the lake. (springer.com)
Enamel2
  • Relative to enamel, bone and dentin are poorly mineralized (~60 to 70% wt. (blueskytccaalibaba.com)
  • As a common characteristic ( synapomorphy ) of all proboscis, among other things, the generally enlarged central incisors of the upper row of teeth - from which the tusks later emerged -, the loss of the anterior premolars and enamel prisms with a keyhole-like cross-section can be emphasized. (zxc.wiki)
Predominantly1
Widely1
  • Today, GNIP and its deuterium isotope measurements are widely used to study the migration of many animals, ranging from bats, birds, insects and fish. (iaea.org)
Radiation4
  • Applied Radiation and Isotopes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each radioactive element, including strontium, constantly gives off radiation, and this process changes it into an isotope of another element or a different isotope of the same element. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with severe acute radiation sickness receive reverse isolation, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, and bone marrow support. (msdmanuals.com)
  • They collide with the nuclei of stable atoms, resulting in the emission of energetic protons, alpha and beta particles, and gamma radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
Marrow4
Tissues3
  • We can assess the relative importance of these two sources through the stable isotopes incorporated into the tissues of animals. (yahoo.com)
  • The dermis offers low resistance, as do almost all internal tissues except bone, which is a poor conductor of electricity. (medscape.com)
  • It is used to diagnose the cause of pain or restricted motion of a joint as well as injury to the components of the joint including, the tendons, soft tissues, ligaments, labrum, cartilage and bones. (radnet.com)
Measurements1
  • At each visit, measurements were made of bone mass at the midshaft and distal radius, of steroids, of gonadotropins, and of bone gla protein (bgp). (ligadebolsa.com)
Serum2
  • Protein repletion after hip fracture was associated with increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, attenuation of proximal femur bone loss, and shorter stay in rehabilitation hospitals. (acpjournals.org)
  • Ca isotope values in blood and serum are plotted with their corresponding mean values for diet, faeces and calculated mean value for bone. (osteolabs.co.uk)
Postmenopausal osteoporosis1
  • Automated, calibration-free quantification of cortical bone porosity and geometry in postmenopausal osteoporosis from ultrashort echo time MRI and deep learning. (galileo-training.com)
Data2
  • Under this post he developed novel methodologies to systemically incorporate radioactive stable-isotope labelling-13C and 2H NMR data into large metabolic models and thus facilitate analysis of metabolic pathway remodelling resultant from cancer. (systems-mechanobiology.com)
  • Data are contextualized by comparisons with previously published Tiwanaku isotope data from the period. (who.int)
Osteoporosis6
Electron3
  • The primary decay mode at atomic weights lower than the most abundant stable isotope, 158Gd, is electron capture, and the primary mode at higher atomic weights is beta decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the atomic structure of the material is such that the force of attraction between its nucleus and outer electrons is small, little force is required to cause electron loss. (medscape.com)
  • In theory, only 146 of them are stable, and the other 105 are believed to decay via alpha decay , beta decay , double beta decay , electron capture , or double electron capture . (wikipedia.org)
Analysis4
  • We identified 231 proteins released from actomyosin contraction-dependent blebs and apoptotic bodies by adapted SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (nature.com)
  • The time required for the analysis of a single bone sample is of few minutes and, therefore, the system can examine many samples in a single day to find those suitable for analysis, saving time and money and the unnecessary waste of valuable material, greatly reducing time, costs and destruction of valuable samples. (nature.com)
  • Nitrogen isotope analysis, in particular, can help scientists learn if past humans were eating animals or plants. (sciencedaily.com)
  • METHODS: We use stable isotope analysis of 43 human bone samples representing 14 females, 20 males, 8 juveniles, and 1 indeterminate individual recovered from burial excavations at the sites of Rio Muerto and Omo in the Moquegua Valley. (who.int)
Determination1
  • A new method for the determination of post-mortem interval: citrate content of bone. (mcmaster.ca)
Ratio2
  • The 42Ca/44Ca (δ44/42Ca) ratio can be used to conclude whether bone is built up or broken down. (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • the 4C model still assumes that the ratio between bone mineral and non-osseous mineral content is constant. (measurement-toolkit.org)
Naturally2
  • Thirty-three radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being alpha-decaying 152Gd (naturally occurring) with a half-life of 1.08×1014 years, and 150Gd with a half-life of 1.79×106 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is just one non-radioactive naturally occurring isotope of aluminum, aluminum-27. (blogarama.com)
Mineral content1
  • The 4-component (4C) model further divides fat-free dry mass into protein and bone mineral content (BMC). (measurement-toolkit.org)
Decay4
  • The primary decay products for isotopes lighter than 158Gd are isotopes of europium and the primary products of heavier isotopes are isotopes of terbium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Modes of decay: Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable. (wikipedia.org)
  • The radioactive decay can produce a stable nuclide or will sometimes produce a new unstable radionuclide which may undergo further decay. (wikipedia.org)
  • detection of this decay meant that bismuth was no longer considered stable. (wikipedia.org)
Resorption2
Methods1
  • An update on methods for assessing bone quality and health in Cystic fibrosis. (galileo-training.com)
Cortical1
  • High-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT) (XtremeCT, Scanco) obtains three-dimensional images of the distal radius with a resolution of 82 microns, which enables detailed study of the microarchitecture of cortical and trabecular bone. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Archaeological1
  • One factor that characterises the complexity of these studies is that archaeological bones are a sort of living memory. (nature.com)
Reveal1
  • How is the isotopes research conducted and what did it reveal about the monarch butterfly migration path? (iaea.org)
Scientists1
  • As rainwater and its deuterium composition are unique to the area where it rains, rainwater deuterium content serves as a direct marker that scientists can use to identify the origin of individual animals that were grown in different areas by measuring the amount of deuterium in hair, wings, claws, feathers or bones. (iaea.org)
Prehistoric1
  • Many of the rarest prehistoric bones found by archaeologists are enormously precious and are considered to be part of our cultural and historical patrimony. (nature.com)
Humans1
  • Light Ca isotopes undergo chemical reactions faster than heavy ones and accumulate at the end of the process (in humans in the bone). (osteolabs.co.uk)
Proximal1
  • We now show that during early apoptosis limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies, which allows release of proteins that may affect the proximal microenvironment before the catastrophic loss of membrane integrity during secondary necrosis. (nature.com)
Radiocarbon1
  • Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating of bones has contributed significantly to understanding human prehistory. (nature.com)
Radioisotope1
  • A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
Study7
  • Sarcopenia in long-term survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence: A cross-sectional study of calf muscle mass by peripheral quantitative computed tomography with an examination of the muscle-bone unit. (galileo-training.com)
  • They can be measured in blood or urine and allow for an inexpensive and non-invasive way to study bone metabolism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • New biochemical tests have become available that allow study of the key regulatory pathways in bone these include o. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Better description of the microarchitectural changes in bone with ageing will improve understanding of which preventative and therapeutic interventions are most likely to be effective.The aim of this study wa. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Our results will offer significant advances for the study of human evolution as we will be able to minimise the destruction of valuable bone material, which is under the protection and enhancement of European cultural heritage and thus allow us to contextualise the valuable object by providing an accurate calendar age. (nature.com)
  • IL-10(-/-) mice and IL-10-treated tibial organ cultures were used to study loss and gain of IL-10 functions, respectively, during endochondral bone formation. (qxmd.com)
  • Our study shows that the loss of biological productivity associated with sea ice is unprecedented on a very long timescale. (yahoo.com)
Diet2
  • There is no statistical difference in Ca isotope levels between the two groups in relation to diet (p = 0.3) or faeces (p = 0.6). (osteolabs.co.uk)
  • Main Outcomes and Measures: Absolute numbers and proportions of adults at high risk with elevated body mass index receiving advice about diet, physical activity guidance, referral to weight loss programs, referral to diabetes prevention programs, or any of these, and those affirming engagement in each (or any) activity in the past year were estimated. (cdc.gov)
Turnover3
  • Modern spectrum of bone turnover markers are they clinically useful? (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Bone turnover markers reflect the work of the osteoblast and the osteoclast. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Bone turnover markers are very useful in identifying response to treatment in these allow identification of an early change and information about mechanism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Protein1
  • To investigate whether oral protein supplements benefit bone metabolism in patients with recent hip fracture. (acpjournals.org)
Diseases2
  • Editorial: Physical activity and fitness for the prevention and management of bone diseases. (galileo-training.com)
  • Bones can provide a great deal of information about ancient populations' lives: what they ate, their reproductive habits, their diseases and the migrations they undertook. (nature.com)
Nuclear2
  • This isotope is produced in a nuclear reactor from europium or enriched gadolinium. (wikipedia.org)
  • From the discussions of this roundtable and other available literature, CDC has developed a basic set of practical strategies to provide guidance to hospitals, health care providers, emergency departments, and state and local health departments to aid in managing casualties from a nuclear or radiological incident for the purpose of ameliorating injuries and loss of life. (cdc.gov)
Human3
  • Every forensic anthropologic case is different, and many do not lend themselves to the collection of all of the lines of evidence listed above, because most of the human remains are traumatically incomplete, missing many of the 206 adult bones found in an intact adult skeleton. (medscape.com)
  • In fact, sampling for 14 C dating is a destructive process, and human fossils and/or bone artefacts are increasingly rarer and more precious over time. (nature.com)
  • From bone loss in men who are being treated for prostate cancer to reexamining vitamin D supplementation in newborns, UBC's original research pushes the planet's understanding of human nutrition to new levels. (ubc.ca)
Food2
  • Nitrogen isotopes do change as they are passed up the food chain, which tells us who is eating whom. (yahoo.com)
  • The results of the nitrogen isotopes showed that throughout time, 4,000 years BP to the present, the structure of the Lancaster Sound food web was relatively unchanged. (yahoo.com)
Skeletal1
Bulking steroids1
  • Perfect dose investigate the impact when being from the bones without the bloating you get with many other bulking steroids. (ragtrades.com)
Targets1
  • The explosion in our understanding of bone biology has resulted in a number of key targets in bone that should allow the development of new treatments. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Unstable1