Bone fracture functional outcome fractures comminuted. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, when the same principles were used to fix high-energy injuries (eg, from motor vehicle accidents), the outcomes were poor, mainly because of soft-tissue complications. (medscape.com)
Other complications including a risk of malunion of the bone or nonunion of the bone. (wikipedia.org)
Additional complications include the broken bone ends not healing, called non-union, and the broken bone ends healing in an incorrect orientation, called malunion. (wikipedia.org)
Most complications arise from a missed diagnosis or delayed treatment of a Monteggia fracture. (physio-pedia.com)
Although the acromion fractures are not fixed by most of the surgeons and if at all they are fixed they usually use the conventional plates as mentioned for its fixation, but our case shows that even the distal radius plates can be used as a fixation device in such fractures with excellent rehabilitation results and almost no complications. (traumainternational.co.in)
The treatment of pilon fractures are depending on several aspects where this may lead to complications. (enpress-publisher.com)
This type of treatment often resulted in systemic and local problems like pulmonary and renal complications, deep vein thrombosis, bed sores, disuse atrophy of muscles and bones, etc. (jmsronline.com)
14] For all cases of talar fractures, treatment goals remains anatomic reduction, preservation of motion, joint stability, and minimization of complications. (faoj.org)
Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
Immediate complications - occurs at the time of the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Early complications - occurring in the initial few days after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Late complications - occurring a long time after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
Calcaneal avulsion fractures need urgent reduction and internal fixation to prevent skin complications. (freemedicalvideos.com)
Surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures can lead to numerous complications. (sicot-j.org)
The association of these complications with important elements of operative decision making such as plate and/or screw construct is poorly understood, with certain literature suggesting that more screws in the distal articular segment of AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) C-type fractures may be associated with fewer complications [ 4 ]. (sicot-j.org)
We hypothesized that there would be an association between a number of screws in the articular segment of an AO/OTA C-type fracture and complications, with an association between a decreasing number of screws and an increased complication rate. (sicot-j.org)
Secondary outcomes included the AOFAS, VAS, range of motion, and complications and were analysed using a simplified pooling technique. (isakos.com)
This meta-analysis was designed to compare the success of IMN and PL fixations in the treatment of distal metadiaphyseal tibial fractures, in terms of complications and functional recovery. (biomedcentral.com)
This is compounded by the fact that many patients in this environment who sustain fractures present to traditional bone setters before presenting to the hospital often with complications. (njps.org)
Furthermore, although functional results and mortality rates are similar, as cemented calcar replacement hemiarthroplasty has serious life-threatening complications, it should not be the first choice of treatment method. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
It is relatively free of serious complications despite asymptomatic malalignment and LLD in significant percentage of fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
Flexible intramedullary nailing introduced for femoral fractures by Nancy group in 1982 [ 22 ], has become popular with many orthopaedic surgeons and remains the treatment of choice for these fractures at our institute due to its favourable results and lack of serious complications. (biomedcentral.com)

Conservative management gave way to surgical intervention when implants became available, but poor outcomes led to a return to cast immobilization or limited internal fixation of the fibula only. (medscape.com)
In the early 1960s, the Association for Osteosynthesis/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) developed general guidelines for the treatment of intra-articular distal tibial fractures, which led to open reduction and anatomic and rigid internal fixation. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] As surgeons became more adept at surgical reduction and internal fixation, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen-Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO-ASIF) group described a classification based on fracture pattern and degree of comminution. (medscape.com)
In the 1970s, treatment began to shift from casting and the "bag of bones" technique to surgical intervention with limited internal fixation. (medscape.com)
In the early 1980s, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen-Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO-ASIF) group reported good and excellent results in 27 of 39 patients with comminuted fractures of the distal humerus. (medscape.com)
During a 24-month period, 99 patients with proximal humerus fracture with OTA type 11A, 11B, 11c were treated operatively with open reduction and internal fixation with angular stability locking plate at a level 1 trauma center. (asesjournal.com)
9. Plecko M, Kraus A. Internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the locking proximal humerus plate. (asesjournal.com)
It is our hypothesis that TWA using the Maestro WRS can provide satisfactory results in terms of range of motion, pain, and function for immediate salvage of a highly comminuted intra-articular fracture that is not amenable to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). (hindawi.com)
An external fixation is an alternative to an internal fixation to stabilize bone and soft tissues at a distance from the operative field. (amhe.org)
A retrospective analysis of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the tibial plafond: Open reduction and internal fixation versus external Ilizarov fixation. (enpress-publisher.com)
8. Etter, C. and R. Ganz, Long-term results of tibial plafond fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation. (enpress-publisher.com)
To overcome these problems internal fixation techniques have been used with better outcomes, in the later half of the 20th century. (jmsronline.com)
Open reduction internal fixation techniques were used for definitive fixation of the comminuted talar fractures. (faoj.org)
According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the development of internal fixation for elbow fractures ranks among the most significant advances in medical treatment during the 20th century. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
The repaired bone will be held in the correct position through the use of internal fixation with wires, pins, plates, and/or screws. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
Open reduction and internal fixation of the calcaneus is generally delayed for 1-2 weeks to allow for improvement of the soft tissue swelling, except with fractures of the posterior tuberosity (avulsion fracture) which can cause skin tenting and urgent reduction is recommended. (freemedicalvideos.com)
Tongue-type fracture may benefit from closed reduction and percutaneous fixation or open reduction and internal fixation. (freemedicalvideos.com)
We hypothesize that the number of screws in the articular segment of distal humerus AO/OTA C-type fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) will be inversely proportional to the complication rate. (sicot-j.org)
Intramedullary nail fixation (IMN) and plate internal fixation (PL) are the two mainstay treatments for tibial fractures, but agreement on the best internal fixation for distal tibial fractures is still controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
The optimal type of internal fixation for treatment of a distal radius fracture is still under debate. (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence from a multicentre randomised controlled trial suggests equivalent outcomes from open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or hemiarthroplasty to non-operative management in patients without a clear indication for surgical intervention [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The fracture fragments are fewer, have a spiral orientation, and are relatively minimally displaced. (medscape.com)
Such a mechanism can produce significant comminution with multiple displaced fracture fragments and, importantly, a contused or crushed soft-tissue envelope, which could also be breached and open to external contamination through wounds. (medscape.com)
The rationale behind their use subsequently led to application even in revision arthroplasty with great loss of bone stock, as well as in trauma surgery, for extremely comminuted fractures with poorly vascularized fragments, where traditional osteosynthesis cannot be applied. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Jean- Francois Malgaine chooses a spike driven into the tibia in guise of strap to stabilize a fractured tibia in 1840 while he innovated even better with a claw-like device in 1843 to kept the fragments of a patella fracture in position percutaneously. (amhe.org)
Additionally, over impaction of the fracture fragments may lead to significant loss of limb length. (jmsronline.com)
By excision of comminuted fragments from the defect in volar base of P2 a suitable groove will be made at this area perpendicular to the long axis of P2 to accept the volar fibrocartilaginous plate. (ac.ir)
Traditionally, the conservative approach was the most common choice, especially in fractures of the medial or lateral end of the clavicle, if fracture fragments remained stable [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture . (wikipedia.org)
Involuntary muscle spasms trying to hold bone fragments in place. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen's rubbery consistency allows bone fragments to move only a small amount unless severe or persistent force is applied. (wikipedia.org)
The primary fracture line divides the calcaneus into two main fragments. (freemedicalvideos.com)
Type III usually gets more arthritis because it has more fracture fragments and may end by fusion. (freemedicalvideos.com)
In this retrospective study, the use of three or fewer screws to fix articular fragments in AO type C fractures was a significant risk for nonunion or loss of fixation. (sicot-j.org)
Neglected fracture-dislocation of the elbow is challenging and is further complicated by comminuted fragments with loss of bone stock. (jocr.co.in)
Here, we present an unusual case of a 5-week-old unreduced anterior dislocation of the elbow joint with medial epicondyle and lateral condyle humerus fracture in a 30-year-old male patient and describe a unique technique for fixation of comminuted articular fragments. (jocr.co.in)
It was opted to install a nasogastric tube, which remained until the condition improves, when the patient was submitted to surgical reduction and fixation of comminuted bone fragments ( figure 2 ). (bvsalud.org)

Treatment options vary based on fracture displacement, classification, and patient factors. (doldmd.com)
Numerous classification schemes have been devised to categorize and discuss supracondylar fractures. (medscape.com)
This classification remains somewhat deficient in describing the mechanically important concept of the medial and lateral columns and their fracture involvement. (medscape.com)
Because of these limitations, this author believes that the classification of bicolumn fractures of the distal humerus introduced by Mehne and Matta proves useful in planning bicolumn surgical fixation. (medscape.com)
The classification of Mehne and Matta describes the specific characteristics of bicolumn fractures and allows for better preoperative planning. (medscape.com)
Although the medial and lateral lambda fractures are not technically bicolumn fractures, they are included in this classification because they require similar operative fixation techniques (see the image below). (medscape.com)
For diagnosing and classifying open fractures, Gustilo-Anderson open fracture classification is the most commonly used method. (wikipedia.org)
Patients were grouped according to a 3D classification of fracture pattern. (scielo.org.za)
6. Fractures of the acromion process: a proposed classification system. (traumainternational.co.in)
Non-reducible, open tibial plafond fractures treated with a circular external fixator (is the current classification sufficient for identifying fractures in this area? (enpress-publisher.com)
For B1 as well as all C fractures (using the Tile classification system), stabilization of the anterior pelvic ring by a plate transfixation via the Pfannenstiel approach is the predominantly used technique [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Extensor carpi ulnaris problems on the wrist: Classification, surgical therapy and outcomes. (dnahelix.com)
In the past, the classification of patella fractures resulted from fragment patterns in conventional radiographs, while the diagnostics included traditional two-plane radiographs. (biomedcentral.com)
In this article, we look at the classification, investigations and management of open fractures . (teachmesurgery.com)
After imaging studies, the olecranon fracture was classified using Mayo classification and the patient was prepared for surgery under general anesthesia. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

Often, the superior lateral aspect of the patella fails to fuse, resulting in a bipartite patella which is often mistaken for a fracture. (doldmd.com)
This defines a set of traumatic injuries having in common a Monteggia fracture with the dislocation of the radial head either in anterior, posterior or lateral directions. (physio-pedia.com)
Type III: lateral or anterolateral radial head dislocation and fracture of ulna metaphysis. (physio-pedia.com)
Anteroposterior and lateral views will help to identify the type of fracture. (physio-pedia.com)
Approach to the fracture can be performed through dorsal, lateral or volar directions ( 6 , 7 ). (ac.ir)
The lateral offset of the greater tuberosity relative to the diaphyseal axis is another important anatomic variable, but sometimes difficult to restore due to the comminuted, and often porotic nature of fractured tuberosities, giving them an eggshell appearance. (beemed.com)
Role of the lateral offset: A) Superomedial malposition of the greater tuberosity after a subtubercular varus impacted fracture. (beemed.com)
We present a 5-week-old neglected anterior dislocation of the right elbow joint with lateral condyle and medial epicondyle humerus fracture and a unique cantilever K-wiring technique used for its treatment. (jocr.co.in)
Radiographs revealed lateral condyle and medial epicondyle humerus fracture and an unreduced anterior dislocation of the right elbow joint. (jocr.co.in)
Different bone bruise patterns observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and lateral patellar dislocation may indicate different injury mechanism of knee. (preprints.org)
Sagittal and transverse planes images were used to determine the bone bruise location in the lateral-medial and superior-inferior directions of the MR images. (preprints.org)
and 1- bone bruise (0+LT, only lateral side of tibia). (preprints.org)
There was only 1 pattern bone bruise (latera femur and medial patella bone bruise) of patellar dislocation, the most common pattern of patellar dislocation was in the inferior medial patella and lateral anterior inferior femur. (preprints.org)
There were 4 kinds of bone bruise patterns after non-contact ACL rupture while there was only 1 kind of bone bruise pattern after patellar dislocation bone bruise patients which was in the inferior medial patella and lateral anterior inferior femur. (preprints.org)

Ideally, surgical fixation of a patella fracture should take place within two (2) weeks of the initial injury. (doldmd.com)
It also is somewhat deficient in describing the level through which the fracture occurs in each column and related important surgical considerations. (medscape.com)
Surgical treatment of supracondylar fractures has evolved significantly over the past few decades. (medscape.com)
We present a concise review of conservative and surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures and a more detailed review of published series of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for fracture treatment. (scielo.org.za)
Avascular necrosis (AVN) complicates between 21 and 75% of three- and four-part fractures, and is related to the initial injury, the fracture pattern, the integrity and size of the medial cortical hinge, and surgical dissection. (scielo.org.za)
In order to evaluate the benefits and risks of the various surgical techniques, it is important first to understand the natural history of non-operatively managed fractures, and to know the outcomes of the different surgical options. (scielo.org.za)
5 These results should be borne in mind when evaluating functional outcome and pain after surgical interventions. (scielo.org.za)
Some studies have directly compared the outcome of conservative and surgical treatment, however it is difficult to establish a sound conclusion due to flaws in study designs, smaller no of patients and variation in fracture patterns. (ankleinfo.net)
showed there was insufficient evidence to justify surgical management of type B ankle fractures. (ankleinfo.net)
For complicated fractures, computed tomography (CT) also can be helpful with regard to surgical planning. (medscape.com)
For proper evaluation, planning, and execution of surgical treatment of SCHFs, the surgeon must have a solid understanding of the relevant anatomy from both a functional and a surgical perspective. (medscape.com)
The surgical anatomy closely mirrors the functional anatomy. (medscape.com)
Current CORIT research programs include: (1) Development new mitigation strategies for prevention of prosthetic joint infections, (2) The prevention and treatment of periprosthetic fractures, (3) Quantifying and enhancing surgical skills through computer-assisted and robotic technologies, and (4) Biomechanical simulation and optimization of orthopaedic procedures. (uth.edu)
1. A client with a fractured head of the right femur and osteoporosis is placed in Buck extension before surgical repair.The surgeon inserts metal pins into the bone or bones from outside the skin surface and then attaches a compression device to the pins. (nails-beauty.de)
So, an external fixation is a surgical way to stabilize a fracture with rods screwed into bone and exiting the body attached to a stabilizing structure on the outside of the body. (amhe.org)
It provides a full access to the relevant skeletal and soft tissue structures, allowing initial assessment and subsequent surgical interventions to restore bone continuity and function. (amhe.org)
4] Others have proposed that surgical treatment of talar fractures may promote revascularization to the talar body. (faoj.org)
Figure 3 CT scan further demonstrates the comminuted nature of the talar fracture, and allowed for better surgical planning pre-operatively. (faoj.org)
Assessment of an acute proximal humerus fracture includes a complete trauma series radiography and, where surgical treatment is considered, a CT scan with three-dimensional reconstruction. (beemed.com)
Surgical fixation is consequently recommended for fractures with residual displacement greater than 5 mm, or 3 mm in active patients involved in frequent overhead activity. (beemed.com)
Dr. Ahluwalia will have assessed the severity and nature of the fracture and devised a surgical plan to repair the fractured elbow. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between a number of screws in the distal segment and complication rate for surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures. (sicot-j.org)
Plate configuration and surgical approach did not correlate with outcomes. (sicot-j.org)
The surgical management of patients has also been affected severely and the impact of delay in surgeries can be seen in primary surgical outcomes. (jocr.co.in)
Elbow dislocation is a serious injury requiring immediate surgical intervention, especially when neglected and associated with fractures [1] . (jocr.co.in)
We could also show that this ratio is age-related, making it more likely for younger patients in the age groups from 0 to 70 years old to receive surgical treatment for their patella fracture. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: The good clinical-functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) depend on several factors, such as the surgical time and the adequate positioning of the prosthesis components. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
Rarely, a three-part fracture is encountered involving the lesser or greater tuberosity as well as the surgical neck. (teachmeorthopedics.info)

Is there a role for intramedullary nails in the treatment of simple pilon fractures? (enpress-publisher.com)
Intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures also has given excellent results [5-8]. (medresearch.in)
Flexible intramedullary nailing in paediatric femoral fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
Flexible intramedullary nailing has emerged as an accepted procedure for paediatric femoral fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
We included 73 femoral shaft fractures in 69 patients treated with retrograde flexible intramedullary nailing with a minimum follow up of 5 years. (biomedcentral.com)
Flexible intramedullary nailing is reliable and safe for treating paediatric femoral shaft fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
We undertook a long term retrospective study of paediatric femoral fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nailing at our institute. (biomedcentral.com)
On retrospective search of hospital records, we found 81 patients of femoral shaft fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nailing at our institute with a minimum follow up period of 5 years. (biomedcentral.com)

An open fracture, also called a compound fracture, is a type of bone fracture (broken bone) that has an open wound in the skin near the fractured bone. (wikipedia.org)
An open fracture can be life threatening or limb-threatening (person may be at risk of losing a limb) due to the risk of a deep infection and/or bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
The bone that is most commonly injured is the tibia and working-age young men are the group of people who are at highest risk of an open fracture. (wikipedia.org)
The setting or mechanism of injury of the open fracture can have an effect on the risk of infection, for example, external objects or dirt in the wound increase the risk of infection. (wikipedia.org)

If the quadricep is contracted and rapid knee flexion occurs, this creates failure in compression and can lead to avulsion fractures or transverse fractures across the patella with displacement of the fracture. (doldmd.com)
This causes failure in tension and often results in a transverse fracture or inferior pole avulsion. (doldmd.com)
Transverse - A fracture at a right angle to the bone's axis. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
Fracture patterns included transverse (49), oblique (21), and communited (3) fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
The left olecranon fracture was finally fixed by tension band wiring due to its transverse nature while the right was reduced and fixed with a contoured reconstruction plate and screws because it was comminuted. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

Pilon fractures in the distal tibia result from axial forces that can range from low to high energy and produce a spectrum of articular and metaphyseal injuries. (medscape.com)
Good outcomes were reported when these principles were used for low-energy injuries (eg, those from skiing accidents). (medscape.com)
The fibula is usually fractured in high-energy injuries. (medscape.com)
Distal humerus fractures in adults are relatively uncommon injuries, representing only about 3% of all fractures in adults. (medscape.com)
Although these injuries are relatively rare, most orthopedic surgeons are called upon to evaluate and treat patients with these injuries and, therefore, must be equipped to achieve optimal outcomes. (medscape.com)
In young adults, most distal humerus fractures occur from high-energy trauma, sideswipe injuries, motor vehicle accidents, falls from heights, and gunshot wounds. (medscape.com)
In elderly persons with more osteoporotic bone, most of these injuries occur from falls. (medscape.com)
Both of these injuries are classified as open fractures. (wikipedia.org)
The initial evaluation for open fractures is to rule out any other life-threatening injuries. (wikipedia.org)
The complexity of these injuries is a function of fracture severity (and the associated risk of avascular necrosis), and the difficulty in attaining union of the greater and lesser tuberosities in anatomical position. (scielo.org.za)
In the literature, the timing for treatment of comminuted talar fractures remains controversial, even in the presence of multiple injuries. (faoj.org)
We present the case of a stable patient with multiple long bone injuries and a comminuted talar fracture, the subsequent management and outcome, and review the current literature for management of comminuted talar fractures. (faoj.org)
Comminuted talar fractures are commonly the result of high-energy trauma and associated with multiple injuries. (faoj.org)
These injuries are treated in descending order from most life threatening, and the definitive treatment of talar fractures may be staged. (faoj.org)
We present the case of a stable patient with multiple long bone injuries and a comminuted talar fracture. (faoj.org)
Multiple Injuries were sustained including a left open intra-articular comminuted supracondylar femur fracture, right femoral shaft fracture, right intertrochanteric hip fracture, right tibial plateau fracture, and a left closed talar body and neck fractures. (faoj.org)
Figure 2 During his secondary survery, radiographs were taken that revealed a closed talar comminuted fracture among his other injuries. (faoj.org)
Clavicle fractures are a common traumatic injury with a reported incidence of between 5 and 10% of all fractures and approximately 44% of injuries to the shoulder girdle [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Between August 2004 and December 2007, 442 patients with pelvic injuries (pelvic ring and acetabular fractures) were treated at our department. (biomedcentral.com)
Fractures of the distal tibial metaphysis, diaphysis, and adjacent diaphysis are commonly seen in road traffic accidents or sports injuries. (biomedcentral.com)
These metadiaphyseal fractures are distinct in terms of their management from articular impaction "pilon" type fractures and middle third diaphyseal injuries [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Patella fractures account for approximately 1% of all skeletal injuries. (biomedcentral.com)
Distal clavicle fractures are traumatic injuries usually caused by direct trauma to the shoulder from a fall in adults. (orthobullets.com)
Proximal humerus fractures are common injuries in adults, representing the third most common fracture in patients older than 60 years of age [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Mandible fractures are among the most frequently found injuries in trauma treatment centers, having as its main causes the physical aggression or for firearm consequences 4 discussed and reported in this article. (bvsalud.org)

1. Bartonicek J. Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults, 8th Edition. (traumainternational.co.in)

Recently, both cannulated screws with high-strength suture constructs and plate fixation of patella fractures have become more popular. (doldmd.com)
Angular Locking plate fixation for proximal humerus fracture gives satisfactory results, good functional and radiological outcome. (asesjournal.com)
10. Handschin AE, Cardell M, Contaldo C, Trentz O, Wanner GA. Functional results of angular-stable plate fixation in displaced proximal humeral fractures. (asesjournal.com)
A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. (asesjournal.com)
In a recent prospective randomised control trial (PRCT) of 50 patients comparing non-operative management and locked-plate fixation for complex displaced fractures, it was reported that at 12 months the functional scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Score ASES, and Constant Score CS) were similar, and that the only significant difference was better radiographs in the operated group. (scielo.org.za)
Plate breakage is one form of construct failure after a clavicle fracture treated with an open reduction and plate fixation. (biomedcentral.com)
This case report presents an unusual case of a 35-year-old Caucasian man, 7 weeks after open reduction and internal plate fixation of a fracture in the middle third of his clavicle, who developed breakage of the implant. (biomedcentral.com)
plate fixation was performed on the right comminuted fracture. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

Severe injury in which both fracture and dislocation take place simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
A Monteggia fracture is defined as a one-third fracture of the ulna with radial head dislocation [1] . (physio-pedia.com)
Jose Louis Bado reviewed Monteggia's original fracture dislocation and further classified it into 4 types [7] . (physio-pedia.com)
Type I:Anterior radial head dislocation and fracture of ulna diaphysis with anterior angulation. (physio-pedia.com)
Type IV: Anterior radial head dislocation and fracture of proximal third of ulna and radius. (physio-pedia.com)
Volar base fracture of the second phalanx in the proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocation is a challenging injury with high rate of permanent disabilities. (ac.ir)
When P2 volar base fracture dislocation accompanies with a single and large fragment, ORIF can result in stable and congruent joint ( 5 ). (ac.ir)
Anterior dislocation of the elbow is comparatively less frequent and is often associated with fractures of the distal humerus. (jocr.co.in)
Fractures complicated with head split or dislocation are generally treated operatively [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
In order to investigate the typical bone bruising patterns after ACL rupture and patellar dislocation. (preprints.org)
In this study, 77 ACL rupture and 77 patellar dislocation patients' knee MR images with bone bruises between August 2020 and March 2022at our institution were selected and analyzed, respectively. (preprints.org)
The presence, location, and intensity of the bone bruises within specific compartments of the femur and tibial after ACL rupture and patellar dislocation were recorded. (preprints.org)
Relative bone bruise patterns of the ACL rupture and patellar dislocation were classified and analyzed. (preprints.org)
The results suggest that the pattern of bone bruise after ACL rupture and patellar dislocation is completely different. (preprints.org)
Bilateral fractures with posterior radio humeral dislocation are even rarer and offer a management dilemma. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)
We report one case of traumatic bilateral olecranon fractures with posterior radio-humeral dislocation without any concomitant systemic disease. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)
A radiograph showed bilateral fractures of the olecranon with posterior radio-humeral dislocation (Figure 1). (annalsofafricansurgery.com)
Bilateral olecranon fractures with elbow dislocation are rarer. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

When accompanied by medial malleolus fracture or with deltoid ligament rupture the ankle is considered unstable. (ankleinfo.net)
Weber B) The SER fracture type II, has no medial injury, mechanically stable and do not require surgery. (ankleinfo.net)
The SER IV fracture has a medial component: either a medial malleolar fracture or a deltoid rupture. (ankleinfo.net)
Comminuted fracture of fibula above ankle mortise with medial malleolar fracture or deltoid injury. (ankleinfo.net)
Medial approach to treat humeral mid-shaft fractures: a retrospective study. (wheelessonline.com)

Open fractures are emergencies and are often caused by high energy trauma such as road traffic accidents and are associated with a high degree of damage to the bone and nearby soft tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Advanced trauma life support is the first line of action in dealing with open fractures and to rule out other life-threatening condition in cases of trauma. (wikipedia.org)
Open fractures can occur due to direct impacts such as high-energy physical forces (trauma), motor vehicular accidents, firearms, and falls from height. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the nature of the trauma, it can cause different types of fractures: Bone fractures result from significant trauma to the bone. (wikipedia.org)
Result from minor trauma to diseased bone. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of primary malignant tumors, extensive metastatic disease, major trauma or end-stage revision arthroplasty, the orthopaedic surgeon often has to deal with the need to reconstruct large skeletal defects, or replace bone of low quality. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Comminuted talar fractures are commonly the result of high-energy trauma. (faoj.org)
The type of fracture often correlates to the cause of the elbow trauma. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
[1] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . (wikipedia.org)
Fractures include direct (anterior blunt force), indirect (avulsion due to exceeding stress in tension) or combined trauma mechanisms, which ultimately lead to a partial or complete discontinuance of the extensor mechanism of the knee [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Depending on the type of fracture and the localization, various approaches and fixation implants are established. (biomedcentral.com)
Neurovascular injury can occur in this type of fracture because the shaft may be displaced into the axilla. (teachmeorthopedics.info)

Humeral shaft fractures compose around 3% of fractures. (medresearch.in)
Mildly displaced humeral shaft fractures can be treated conservatively [1, 2]. (medresearch.in)
Anterior Bridge Plating (ABP) which utilizes the minimally invasive approach popularly known as Minimally Invasive Percutaneous plate Osteosynthesi (MIPPO) is the latest technique in the management of humeral shaft fractures. (medresearch.in)

If the extensor mechanism is intact, this typically indicates that the fracture is non-displaced and can often be managed non-operatively. (doldmd.com)
performed a prospective observational study of 76 patients with complex proximal humerus fractures managed non-operatively. (scielo.org.za)

May be seen as an avulsion fracture of the fibula on x-rays. (freemedicalvideos.com)
He had comminuted fractures of the tibia and fibula with periosteal stripping and an extensive soft tissue loss affecting the distal ½ and about ⅔ of the circumference of the right leg. (njps.org)
There were exposed comminuted fractures of the tibia and fibula, with periosteal stripping. (njps.org)

Stable fracture dislocations with less than 30% of articular surface generally can be treated conservatively with dorsal block splinting for 3 weeks in 30 degrees of flexion (a,b). a,b). (ac.ir)
The goal of operative treatment for unstable pelvic ring fractures and sacroiliac dislocations is an anatomic reduction to restore the biomechanical axis and a rigid fixation to facilitate an early mobilization. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this case series was the evaluation of screw misplacement-rate and the functional outcome of percutaneous screw fixation of pelvic ring fractures and sacroiliac dislocations by using an optoelectronic navigation system based on 2D-fluoroscopic images. (biomedcentral.com)
With the increasing burden of COVID-19 on the hospitals, cases of conservatively managed fractures and dislocations with adverse outcomes have become more prevalent. (jocr.co.in)
The dislocations reduced spontaneously after the fracture fixation. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

16] However, the risk of developing osteonecrosis has been suggested with delayed fixation after fracture displacement. (faoj.org)
Any fracture pattern can be seen, but the displacement of all components must be less than 1 cm, except anatomic neck fractures, to be considered in this group according to Neer's concept. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
concluded, generally in 2 to 3 weeks, a program to regain shoulder motion is started as for fractures with minimal displacement and anatomic neck fractures. (teachmeorthopedics.info)

B - Fracture begins at joint level and extends proximally in an oblique fashion. (ankleinfo.net)

The use of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for the management of complex proximal humerus fractures has gained popularity in the last five to ten years. (scielo.org.za)
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is increasingly used for the treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures and fracture sequelae. (encyclopedia.pub)

8. Russo R, Lombardi LV, Ciccarelli M, Giudice G, Cautiero F. A new osteosynthesis device for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. (asesjournal.com)
11. Helwig P, Bahrs C, Epple B, Oehm J, Eingartner C, Weise K. Does fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis solve the problems of a fractured proximal humerus? (asesjournal.com)
The decisive elements of choice between osteosynthesis and implant are essentially the patient's age, the risk of humeral head necrosis and bone strength. (beemed.com)
The incidence of complex fractures and plate osteosynthesis has significantly increased throughout the analysed period. (biomedcentral.com)

Ideally, operative management for displaced patella fractures occurs within 2 weeks of the initial injury. (doldmd.com)
7. Zyto K. Non-operative treatment of comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients. (asesjournal.com)
While most simple, minimally or non-displaced fractures can be managed successfully with non-operative means, the more complex three- and four-part displaced fractures remain difficult to treat and have worse outcomes. (scielo.org.za)
Patient factors including advancing age, increased number and severity of co-morbidities, pre-existing rotator cuff abnormalities, osteoporosis, and ability to engage in post-operative rehabilitation all influence the management decision and the ability to regain functional independency. (scielo.org.za)
Non-operative management includes immobilisation with plaster cast or boot, either weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing, for 6 weeks or functional management with controlled range of motion and combinations of non-weightbearing or weight-bearing may also be considered. (ankleinfo.net)
Non-operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures is associated with a non-union rate of between 48 and 73% compared to 0 and 19% after operative treatment. (ankleinfo.net)
The technical advances help to identify these fractures easily and have helped to better define, classify and guide in conservative, operative management and also in rehabilitation [1] [3] . (physio-pedia.com)
7. Operative treatment of scapular fractures: a systematic review. (traumainternational.co.in)
Type I-- Nondisplaced/Non-operative treatment Type II--Two-part fracture of the posterior facet. (freemedicalvideos.com)
Fractures which are displaced extending into articular surfaces definitely need operative management in form of plating, nailing and external fixator if it is compound in nature [3-8]. (medresearch.in)
Last few decades has seen increasing trend towards operative management of femoral shaft fractures in paediatric patients but opinion regarding optimal method of fixation of these fractures remains divided [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Most fractures of the ulnar shaft are caused by direct blows and result in minimal soft-tissue injury. (eorif.com)
Zych GA, Latta LL, Zagorski JB: Treatment of isolated ulnar shaft fractures with prefabricated functional fracture braces. (eorif.com)
Present indications include all patients with femoral shaft fractures and open physis. (biomedcentral.com)
Of these 81 patients, 69 patients with 73 femoral shaft fractures were available for follow up. (biomedcentral.com)
Indication for surgery in all cases was displaced femoral shaft fracture with open femoral physis. (biomedcentral.com)

Further subdivisions are made on the basis of the morphology and degree of comminution of the fracture: 43-A1 are non-comminuted extra-articular fractures, 43-A2 are wedge fractures, and 43-A3 are comminuted extra-articular fractures. (biomedcentral.com)

Intra-articular Fractures of the Distal Humerus in the Adult. (uth.edu)

To report the outcomes of proximal humerus fracture operated with angular stability locking plate with regards to fracture pattern. (asesjournal.com)
The clinical presentation of a supracondylar humerus fracture (SCHF) is that of a painful swollen elbow that the patient is hesitant to move. (medscape.com)

therefore, the incidence of these fractures is likely to increase. (medscape.com)
Osteoporosis coupled with a tendency to fall is responsible for high incidence of hip fractures at this age. (jmsronline.com)
The incidence of these fractures in females steadily increases with advancing age and overall female to male ratio is about 2:1. (jmsronline.com)
The overall incidence of tibial fractures is 51.7 per 100,000 a year, and the incidence of diaphyseal and distal tibia fractures is 15.7 and 9.1 respectively per 100,000 a year [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The reported incidence of patellar fractures between 2005 and 2014 was 13.1/100,000/year in this study. (biomedcentral.com)

These fractures involve the dome of the distal tibial articular surface and extend into the adjacent metaphysis. (medscape.com)
19. Murphy, C.P., R. D'Ambrosia, and E.J. Dabezies, The small pin circular fixator for distal tibial pilon fractures with soft tissue compromise. (enpress-publisher.com)
Common definitions of distal tibial fractures include distal extra-articular tibial fractures which are located between 4 and 12 cm from the tibial plafond (AO 42A1 and 43A1). (biomedcentral.com)

In 1959, Jergesen stated that open reduction and stabilization of severe tibial pilon fractures is impossible. (medscape.com)
With comminuted bicolumn fractures, repeat films following initial reduction or with longitudinal traction maintained often prove helpful. (medscape.com)
Sander's type II & type III calcaneal fractures will benefit from surgery of reduction and fixation. (freemedicalvideos.com)
Based on this evidence, IMN appears to be a superior choice for functional improvement of the ankle and reduction of postoperative wound superficial infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduction of the fracture depends on an intact posteromedial periosteal sleeve in younger patients. (teachmeorthopedics.info)
Furthermore, in certain complex fractures and sometimes in subtrochantric fractures, with tendency for marked flexion of proximal fragment, closed reduction and its maintenance if often unsuccessful. (biomedcentral.com)

The "bag of bones" approach has now largely been replaced by total elbow arthroplasty, allowing improved and more predictable results. (medscape.com)
Can Total Wrist Arthroplasty Be an Option for Treatment of Highly Comminuted Distal Radius Fracture in Selected Patients? (hindawi.com)
We present two case reports of successful primary shortening of the forearm and total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) using the new angle-stable Maestro Wrist Reconstructive System (WRS) for treatment of highly comminuted distal radius fracture in selected autonomous patients. (hindawi.com)
As for arthroplasty of IT fractures is concerned, there is little published data. (jmsronline.com)
Cemented bipolar arthroplasty with trochanteric reconstruction is a very good option for patients whose life expectancy is not more than ten years and who has unstable IT fractures. (jmsronline.com)
For decades, volar plate arthroplasty (VPA) was the preferred technique for P2 volar base fracture which could not be addressed by extension block splintage or ORIF because of the markedly comminuted and impacted fractures. (ac.ir)
Summary: This meta-analysis showed that ankle distraction arthroplasty results in a low annual revision rate with good clinical outcomes. (isakos.com)

The bones of the elbow can break in a variety of ways. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
Because of this there are several different types of possible elbow fractures. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
There are several different ways you can fracture your elbow. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
Broken elbow surgery, also known as elbow fracture fixation, will begin with the administration of either general or regional anesthesia. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
He will begin the procedure by making an incision along the back of the elbow to access the underlying fractured bone. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
Once the fractured elbow has been placed back together in the normal position, your recovery and rehabilitation will begin. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
Following broken elbow surgery the long-term outcome usually results in a functional elbow. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
However, some degree of stiffness after an elbow fracture is expected. (sonuahluwaliamd.com)
Fractures of the distal humerus make up 2-6% of all humeral fractures and 30% of all elbow fractures [ 1 ]. (sicot-j.org)
Functional outcome was done using Mayo Elbow Score (MES) with a score of 90 on the right (excellent) and 85 on the left (excellent) (Table 1) .After six months follow up, the patient was able to return to normal occupation but with mild discomfort on both elbows due to hardware friction under the skin. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

Supracondylar humerus fractures: anatomy. (medscape.com)
In addition to standard plain radiographs, CT scan may be useful in highly comminuted fractures for mapping out fracture anatomy and preoperative planning. (ankleinfo.net)

The treatment of pilon fractures has evolved over the past century. (medscape.com)
However, outcomes after nonoperative treatment continue to be poor. (medscape.com)
Traditionally, nonoperative treatment has been reserved for non-displaced fractures. (doldmd.com)
These by far were the best results reported in the treatment of these difficult fractures at that time. (medscape.com)
13. Thanasas C, Kontakis G, Angoules A, Limb D, Giannoudis P. Treatment of proximal humerus fractures with locking plates: a systematic review. (asesjournal.com)
It can also be used to guide treatment, and to predict clinical outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
The "bag of bones" treatment was used when bone quality or fracture pattern was not sufficient to gain stable fixation. (medscape.com)
Nonsurgical treatment leads to a high rate of union and a good functional outcome. (eorif.com)
The primary wrist hemiarthroplasty with or without replacement of distal radius metaphysis for treatment of highly comminuted DRFs in elderly patients may help avoid secondary procedures related to posttraumatic wrist joint osteoarthritis (OA) and can lead to a faster restoration of their ability to work and independence [ 8 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Different types of pilon fractures may not use similar treatment and the choices can be included several internal and external fixators. (enpress-publisher.com)
2. Borrelli, J.J. and E. Ellis, Pilon fractures: assessment and treatment. (enpress-publisher.com)
The use of Ilizarov concepts in the treatment of tibial pilon fractures. (enpress-publisher.com)
17. Vidyadhara, S. and S.K. Rao, Ilizarov treatment of complex tibial pilon fractures. (enpress-publisher.com)
18. Bonar, S.K. and J.L. Marsh, Tibial plafond fractures: changing principles of treatment. (enpress-publisher.com)
Conservative treatment of her fractures with skeletal traction, which used to be the standard in earlier parts of 20th century, which involves prolonged confinement to bed. (jmsronline.com)
However, in severely displaced fractures the clinical evidence on conservative treatment suggests poor outcomes such as malunion and nonunion [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We aim to give insight into the more recent trends and developments as well as establish the epidemiology of patella fractures in Germany by analysing treatment and epidemiological data from a national database. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusions: Proximal femoral nailing can be one of the primary treatment options for intertrochanteric hip fractures in the elderly. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
This paper highlights this rare injury and the challenges in treatment and outcome. (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

A 56-year-old right-handed male patient with adequate bone stock presented with a highly comminuted intra-articular DRF right after a high-energy fall from a height of three meters (Figure 2(a) ). (hindawi.com)

Plating constructs offer a low-profile design with stable fixation, allowing for earlier mobilization and potentially improved functional outcomes. (doldmd.com)
Hutchinson and Barrie suggested that the majority of ankle fractures seen in clinic are stable, are not likely to displace and do not require plaster casting to achieve union in a good position. (ankleinfo.net)
They reviewed 163 patients with stable ankle fractures over a period of 8 years. (ankleinfo.net)
For stable IT fractures it is the surgery of choice. (jmsronline.com)
Many studies have reported predictable stability and healing in these stable fracture patterns. (jmsronline.com)
The fracture may be stable enough to permit immobilization of the arm at the side in a sling-and-swathe but may require a spica cast or abduction pillow splint to hold the arm in the reduced position. (teachmeorthopedics.info)

Distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most common fracture of the upper extremity, representing 16% of all fractures treated in emergency departments [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Despite the advances that have been made in management, these fractures can be challenging to deal with, especially when associated with significant soft-tissue injury. (medscape.com)
Use of IMN for fracture fixation has been shown that there is limited interference of the device with the soft tissue around the fracture, but the technique of placement is difficult and the learning curve is long. (biomedcentral.com)
Soft tissue injury can be extensive, and because of paucity of soft tissue, involvement and exposure of bone, tendon, nerves and vessels are common. (njps.org)
Lin, C. H., Wei, F. C. "One-Stage Reconstruction of Composite Bone and Soft-Tissue Defects in Traumatic Lower Extremities", Plast Reconstr Surg, 114, 1457-1466 (2004). (sukruyazar.com)
In conclusion anterior bridge plating (ABP) is very good technique in treating midshaft humeral fractures with minimal soft tissue dissection, smaller scars, and early return to overhead activities. (medresearch.in)
After being submitted to tracheostomy and soft tissue suturing, the patient developed difficulty in swallowing due to posterior projection of the tongue by edema and failure of bone structure, which compromised the muscle action. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomic snuffbox pain has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 40% for detection of scaphoid fractures. (orthopaedia.com)
Neer's anatomic concept for standardizing the terminology of fractures of the proximal humerus. (teachmeorthopedics.info)

These aspects should be carefully considered and addressed in clavicle fractures. (biomedcentral.com)

In a study of 4536 consecutive fractures in adults seen in the Massachusetts General Hospital emergency department, only 0.31% were supracondylar (bicolumn) fractures of the distal humerus. (medscape.com)

Tension band constructs have been the most commonly employed approach to fixation, with cerclage wiring for comminuted fractures. (doldmd.com)
Patellar fractures account for approximately 1% of all fractures and more commonly occur in men. (doldmd.com)
Unfortunately, the scaphoid is also the most commonly fractured of the eight carpal bones (Figure 1). (orthopaedia.com)
Lastly, open fractures commonly occur in the setting of traumatic experiences, and the co-occurrence of these events may lead to chronic pain and mental health disorders. (wikipedia.org)
DHS is still the most commonly used device for fixation of IT fractures. (jmsronline.com)
Distal metadiaphyseal tibial fractures are commonly seen lower limb fractures. (biomedcentral.com)
Olecranon fractures are commonly unilateral with bilateral fractures being quite rare (5). (annalsofafricansurgery.com)

Occurs more in smokers, diabetics and in patients with open fractures. (freemedicalvideos.com)
All patients with open fractures, pathological fractures, metabolic bone disease or neuromuscular disorders were excluded from search. (biomedcentral.com)

The same principles are applied with patient suffering from pelvic fractures. (amhe.org)
This is most often through the skin - however, pelvic fractures may be internally open, having penetrated in to the vagina or rectum. (teachmesurgery.com)

Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures. (asesjournal.com)
3. Palvanen M, Kannus P, Niemi S, Parkkari J. Update in the epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. (asesjournal.com)
4. Baron JA, Barrett JA, Karagas MR. The epidemiology of peripheral fractures. (asesjournal.com)
5. Court-Brown CM, Garg A, McQueen MM. The epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures. (asesjournal.com)

In potentially unstable fractures treated non-operatively with cast application, it may be necessary to follow the patient weekly with serial x-rays to assess the position of the fracture, with cast removal at approximately 6 weeks depending on clinical and radiographic evidence of healing. (ankleinfo.net)
Such devices are used to repair open and unstable fractures allowing dressing changes. (amhe.org)
However fixation of unstable fractures with this devise remains a persistent challenge. (jmsronline.com)
Malunion is very common following DHS fixation of IT fractures particularly the unstable variety. (jmsronline.com)

Contact us immediately if you have been diagnosed with or suffered a patella fracture or patella tendon rupture . (doldmd.com)
Patella fractures comprise 1% of all fractures. (doldmd.com)
The critical element to examine on physical examination of a patient with a patella fracture is their extensor mechanism via straight leg raise or knee extension. (doldmd.com)
The patella is the largest sesamoid bone within the body. (doldmd.com)
Rapid change in forces can cause the patella to fail and ultimately lead to compromise of the bone leading to a fracture. (doldmd.com)
Patella fractures occur via one of two unique mechanisms: (1) Direct impact due to fall, dashboard injury, or other high energy mechanism and (2) indirect eccentric contraction, which occurs from rapid knee flexion against a contracted quadriceps muscle. (doldmd.com)
Further evaluation can reveal a gap within the patella where the fracture has occurred. (doldmd.com)
In the period of 2006 to 2020, all patients with patella fractures as defined in ICD-10 GM as their main diagnosis, who were treated in a German hospital were included. (biomedcentral.com)
Women were about 1.5 times more likely to suffer from patella fracture than men. (biomedcentral.com)
In recent studies, it has been shown that an involvement of the inferior patella pole can be detected in 88% of cases by using an additional preoperative CT scan, whereas these fractures could only be detected in 44% of cases when assessed by conventional X-rays. (biomedcentral.com)

Results showed that there were 4 kinds of bone bruise (1-,2-,3-,4- bone bruises) patterns after ACL rupture. (preprints.org)
For very comminuted or complex fracture patterns, a CT-scan can often aid management. (teachmesurgery.com)

Dr. Noble's diverse research interests include the biomechanics of human and artificial joints, the morphometry of human bones, computer-assisted orthopedics and robotic surgery, orthopedic biomaterials, and the quantitative assessment of clinical outcomes. (uth.edu)
Clinical outcomes including a range of motion, pain, revision surgery for stiffness and/or heterotopic ossification (HO), nonunion, and persistent ulnar nerve symptoms requiring revision neurolysis were recorded. (sicot-j.org)
The aim of the present study was to determine and to obtain an overview of other clinical outcomes. (isakos.com)

This is analogous to femoral neck fractures and resulting femoral head ischemia: just as the vessels to the femoral head must traverse the femoral neck, the blood supply to the proximal pole of the scaphoid must traverse the waist). (orthopaedia.com)
Ankle fractures account for 9% of all fractures, second highest in adults, only preceded by femoral neck fractures. (ankleinfo.net)

Anatomy44

Organisms1

Diseases79

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment87

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Humanities1

Information Science6

Health Care38

Geographicals1

Complications24

Internal fixation21

Fragments16

Classification15

Lateral14

Surgical28

Intramedullary8

Open fracture4

Transverse5

Injuries25

Rockwood and Green's Fractures in Adults1

Plate fixation8

Dislocation18

Medial5

Trauma10

Type of fracture2

Humeral shaft fractures3

Managed non-operatively2

Fibula3

Dislocations5

Displacement3

Oblique1

Complex proximal humerus fractures2

Osteosynthesis4

Operative11

Shaft5

Extra-articular fractures1

Intra-articular Fractures1

Humerus fracture2

Incidence5

Distal tibial3

Reduction6

Arthroplasty7

Elbow10

Anatomy2

Treatment19

Highly comminuted1

Stable6

Common fracture1

Soft-tissue6

Anatomic2

Clavicle fractures1

Bicolumn fractures1

Commonly7

Patients with open fractures2

Pelvic fractures2

Epidemiology4

Unstable4

Patella10

Patterns2

Clinical outcomes3

Femoral neck fractures2