• Overall, HR-pQCT, DXA bone parameters and bone turnover markers remained unaffected. (frontiersin.org)
  • The field of bone turnover markers has developed considerably in the past decade. (medscape.com)
  • For example, there are tests that can measure the bone remodeling process by assessing bone turnover markers (BTM). (saveourbones.com)
  • Today you'll learn about bone turnover markers, what they indicate, and which BTM tests provide the most accurate and useful results for assessing the health of your bones. (saveourbones.com)
  • By testing for these bone turnover markers, we can get a snapshot of bone turnover activity. (saveourbones.com)
  • We can measure bone turnover by testing for levels of bone turnover markers, which occur as byproducts of bone resorption and formation. (saveourbones.com)
  • Sleep restriction with circadian disruption negatively alter bone turnover markers in women. (cdc.gov)
  • Purpose: The purpose of this work is to determine whether an uncoupling of bone turnover markers (BTMs) occurs in women exposed to the combination of sleep restriction with circadian disruption (SRCD), as previously reported in men. (cdc.gov)
  • The following variables were measured and collected: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), volume of bone cement injected, bone cement leakage, fractured vertebra segment, contact between bone cement and endplates, serum of calcium and phosphorus, and six kinds of bone turnover markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been observed that higher serum osteocalcin levels are relatively well correlated with increases in bone mineral density during treatment with anabolic bone formation drugs for osteoporosis, such as teriparatide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serum osteocalcin is considered a specific marker of osteoblast function, as its levels correlate with the bone formation rate. (medscape.com)
  • Serum osteocalcin levels rose whilst a resorption marker (serum crosslaps) fell, but there was no control group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serum osteocalcin rose and the resorption marker urinary deoxypyrdinoline decreased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In LASA, serum osteocalcin (OC) and deoxipyridinolin (DPD/Cr) were measured as bone markers. (lasa-vu.nl)
  • Serum bone remodelling markers [C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type-1 collagen (CTX), procollagen type-1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and sclerostin] were measured at fasting. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consistent with the physiological coupling of bone formation and resorption in skeletal remodeling, subsequent reductions in bone formation markers (i.e. osteocalcin and procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide [PlNP]) were observed starting 1 month after the first dose of Prolia. (druglib.com)
  • CTX and P1NP were determined by automated chemiluminescence immunoassay, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) by automated spectrophotometric immunoassay, and sclerostin by an enzyme-immunoassay. (frontiersin.org)
  • This is one of the reasons that I often order an osteocalcin or P1NP test when I see low RBCs in a patient's lab work. (food4healthybones.com)
  • Osteocalcin and P1NP are bone formation markers that give us an indication of how much (or little) bone-building activity is taking place within the inner workings of their bones. (food4healthybones.com)
  • Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole-body, proximal femur and lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (frontiersin.org)
  • Such markers can also be useful in selected cases to improve the assessment of individual fracture risk when bone mineral density (BMD) measurement by itself does not provide a clear answer. (medscape.com)
  • Bone mineral density and content of the first phalanx were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorbiometry (DEXA) on completion of the study. (avma.org)
  • training appears to increase bone mineral density, thereby enhancing mechanical strength of bone, but decreases bone turnover. (avma.org)
  • A reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) of the axial and appendicular skeleton ranging from 7% to 15% has been reported in RA in studies employing a variety of densitometric techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After 12 months, patients receiving infliximab had preservation of bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine and femoral neck whereas bone loss amounting to 3.9% and 2.5% was observed at the same sites, respectively, in the control group treated with methotrexate alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Medical Establishment relies on bone mineral density (BMD) to assess bone health, diagnose osteoporosis and osteopenia, and prescribe drugs. (saveourbones.com)
  • In fact, bone turnover has been shown to predict fracture risk independently of bone mineral density. (saveourbones.com)
  • This suggests that bone turnover may be a better tool for gauging bone health and fracture risk than bone mineral density alone. (saveourbones.com)
  • Bone turnover levels predict fracture risk independently of bone mineral density, making it an important tool for assessing bone health. (saveourbones.com)
  • The effect of oral choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA) on markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The primary cause for the decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and increased susceptibility to fracture in women, is the decrease in circulating estrogens at the onset of menopause. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, in 1992 Mourkarzel [ 21 ] reported that a decreased serum Si concentration in total parenterally fed infants was associated with a decreased bone mineral content compared to healthy controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus usually have normal or even slightly elevated bone mineral density compared to age-appropriate controls. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • No changes in bone mineral density of weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing bones were found. (elsevierpure.com)
  • At any rate, we believe it is significant that we were able to demonstrate, on the basis of changes in bone metabolism markers and bone mineral density, that the nature of this exercise was insufficient to stimulate osteogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism , 14 (1), 21-25. (elsevierpure.com)
  • If sustained, this pattern of BTM uncoupling may lead to bone loss and lower bone mineral density. (cdc.gov)
  • Osteoporosis is calculated with a quantitative assessment of bone density, which is called Bone Mineral Density (BMD). (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • An acute stress response (ASR), colloquially known as the fight-or-flight response, stimulates osteocalcin release from bone within minutes in mice, rats, and humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • This glycoprotein stimulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and can be measured in blood serum. (saveourbones.com)
  • These cytokines are the immune system's messenger molecules and in patients with chronic systemic inflammation and high oxidative stress, there is increased production of PPAR- gamma, a protein that stimulates the osteoclasts to break down bone. (food4healthybones.com)
  • Changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover from baseline or between the groups were not statistically different. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our goal was to assess whether short term treatment with strontium in ovariectomized rats would affect biochemical markers of bone turnover as well as promote a bone strength. (dtu.dk)
  • [ 1 ] Although these markers are not currently recommended for use in the diagnosis of osteoporosis , they appear to be useful for the individual monitoring of osteoporotic patients treated with antiresorptive agents. (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis of osteoporosis is not based on evaluation of bone markers, and BMD assessment is still the criterion standard for evaluation and diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • However, mean values for markers of bone turnover are higher in patients with osteoporosis than in the matched controls. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] Therefore, measurement of bone markers is not recommended to make a diagnosis of osteoporosis. (medscape.com)
  • Prolia (denosumab) is a monoclonal antibody used to treat bone loss ( osteoporosis ) in women who are at high risk for bone fracture after menopause . (rxlist.com)
  • Generalised osteoporosis is just one of three bony manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which also include erosions and localised juxta-articular bone loss of affected joints. (biomedcentral.com)
  • INTRODUCTION In most women after menopause, the rate of bone loss exceeds the rate of bone formation, resulting in a net decrease in bone mass and ultimately in development of osteoporosis and elevated risk of sustaining fragility fracture. (dtu.dk)
  • Most approved osteoporosis treatments work by decreasing the rate of bone resorption, however, these treatments also decrease new bone formation over time due to the coupling between these two processes. (dtu.dk)
  • These compounds all play a role in bone resorption, and you may recognize them from osteoporosis drugs. (saveourbones.com)
  • Combined therapy of ch-OSA and Ca/Vit D3 had a potential beneficial effect on bone collagen compared to Ca/Vit D3 alone which suggests that this treatment is of potential use in osteoporosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Osteoporosis is defined as progressive skeletal disorder, characterised by low bone mass (osteopenia) and micro-architectural deterioration, resulting in an increase in bone fragility and increased risk to factures [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, mean values for markers of bone turnover are higher in osteoporosis patients than in the matched controls. (medscape.com)
  • Osteoporosis is related to the decrease of bone density, osteoporosis requires attention from dentists because it can also occurs in the jaw bone. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • To analyze the correlation among BMD, BMI and Osteocalcin in Postmenopausal women, to investigate the possibility of using osteocalcin examination to predict the mandibular bone osteoporosis. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • It is concluded that each examination of BMD, BMI, and Osteocalcin can be used to identify the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • Osteoporosis will cause mandible resorption, which in turn cause the failure of osteointegration between the implant and the jaw bone [ 1 ]. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • World Health Organisation (WHO) defines osteoporosis as a disease that is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural destruction of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • about breaking a bone from osteoporosis. (food4healthybones.com)
  • Surprisingly, there is a wealth of information that can be gleaned from a CBC regarding bone quality and osteoporosis related fracture risk. (food4healthybones.com)
  • As mentioned above, inflammation plays a critical role in bone remodeling and is a major cause of osteoporosis. (food4healthybones.com)
  • Alkaline phosphatase has been clinically available for several years as a marker for bone metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • In adults with normal liver function, approximately 50% of the total alkaline phosphatase activity arises from the liver and 50% from the bone. (medscape.com)
  • The development of immunoassay-based markers with monoclonal antibodies directed to the bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase has improved specificity and sensitivity. (medscape.com)
  • Changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase can lag by several weeks. (medscape.com)
  • Serum concentration and activity of the bone formation markers carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were not different between the 2 groups. (avma.org)
  • Measurement of serum markers of bone metabolism (bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin as bone formation markers and C-terminal telopeptide as bone resorption marker) during four months of organized moderate-intensity physical training in Labrador retriever and Golden retriever dogs aged between 11.7-24.4 months, showed variations of bone metabolism. (irb.hr)
  • The values of bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin significantly decreased following two months of exercise program. (irb.hr)
  • Bone alkaline phosphatase increased by the end of four-month training cycle, but did not reach baseline value. (irb.hr)
  • The results of this study show that aerobic exercise of moderate-intensity caused an initial decrease in bone formation followed by an increase of bone alkaline phosphatase and a further decrease of osteocalcin concentration. (irb.hr)
  • Before and after 8 weeks of experimental period, blood samples were taken to determine the concentrations of serum total calcium, bone osteocalcin (bone formation marker) and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP) (bone resorption marker). (unisza.edu.my)
  • Biochemical monitoring of bone metabolism depends upon measurement of enzymes and proteins released during bone formation and of degradation products produced during bone resorption. (medscape.com)
  • Prevention of the RANKL/RANK interaction inhibits osteoclast formation, function, and survival, thereby decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone mass and strength in both cortical and trabecular bone. (druglib.com)
  • Most bones have a thick, well-organized outer shell (cortex) and a less dense mesh of bony struts in the center (trabecular bone) (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The only bones that lack a true cortex are the vertebrae, which are covered by a compact condensation of trabecular bone. (medscape.com)
  • Most commonly associated with joint surfaces, it usually comprises a thin, compact bone shell with a large amount of bony struts (trabecular bone) for support of the cortical shell. (medscape.com)
  • When it falls out of balance, bone quality is compromised, increasing fracture risk. (saveourbones.com)
  • The rate and balance of bone turnover impact the quality and strength of bones, implicating fracture risk. (saveourbones.com)
  • 2005) stated that high Hcy and low vitamin B12 concentrations were significantly associated with low BUA, high markers of bone turnover, and increased fracture risk. (lasa-vu.nl)
  • Low grade inflammation is associated with lower velocity of sound and broadband ultrasound attenuation in older men, but not with bone loss or fracture risk in a longitudinal aging study. (lasa-vu.nl)
  • Collagen degradation products are a class of bone resorption marker generated when the collagen in bones is broken down during the resorption process. (saveourbones.com)
  • This kind of marker includes telopeptides of Type 1 collagen that are C-terminal (CTX-1) and N-terminal (NTX-1). (saveourbones.com)
  • Markers of bone resorption include collagen degradation products, non-collagenous proteins, osteoclastic enzymes, and osteocyte activity markers. (saveourbones.com)
  • Overall, there was a trend for ch-OSA to confer some additional benefit to Ca and Vit D3 treatment, especially for markers of bone formation, but only the marker for type I collagen formation (PINP) was significant at 12 months for the 6 and 12 mg Si dose ( vs . placebo) without a clear dose response effect. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A trend for a dose-corresponding increase was observed in the bone resorption marker, collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (CTX-I). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serum analysis did not display any significant improvement in formation and resorption markers and also failed to alter sclerostin concentrations between groups. (frontiersin.org)
  • Objective -To evaluate changes in serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone metabolism and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) associated with treadmill exercise in young horses. (avma.org)
  • Serum concentrations or activity of biochemical markers and IGF-I were assessed biweekly. (avma.org)
  • Measurements of the hormone concentrations and markers of bone turnover were carried out at the Endocrine Laboratory of the VU University Medical Center (VUmc). (lasa-vu.nl)
  • Les concentrations moyennes initiales en zinc sérique étaient nettement inférieures aux valeurs normales, mais les taux de calcium sérique moyens étaient normaux. (who.int)
  • It is shown that the level of osteocalcin in the blood serum is significantly reduced compared to healthy controls, both in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and, especially, in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • Bone formation markers in serum and urinary resorption markers were measured at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After discontinuation of Prolia therapy, markers of bone resorption increased to levels 40% to 60% above pretreatment values but returned to baseline levels within 12 months. (druglib.com)
  • sclerostin = bone formation inhibitor) were measured in bihourly samples over 24 hours at baseline and after approximately 3 weeks of sleep restriction (approx. (cdc.gov)
  • Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid) noncollagenous protein hormone found in bone and dentin, first identified as a calcium-binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • In its carboxylated form it binds calcium directly and thus concentrates in bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Impairment of the capability of the kidney to produce and reuptake enough calcitriol and therefore maintain vitamin D, phosphate, and calcium homeostasis is one of the principal pathophysiological components of metabolic bone disease in CKD. (karger.com)
  • The treatment period was five weeks, and at the end we analyzed circulating levels of calcium, strontium magnesium and iron and bone turnover by measuring the resorption marker CTX (RatLaps ELISA) and the formation marker osteocalcin (RatMID ELISA). (dtu.dk)
  • In the process of bone turnover cells called osteoclasts dissolve discrete portions of bone, transferring minerals like calcium and magnesium from the bone tissue into the blood. (saveourbones.com)
  • The β-tail is the primary docking site in the formation of focal adhesions, but the alpha tail in some cases may also serve as a signaling scaffold for calcium dependent signaling events. (thno.org)
  • RÉSUMÉ Le présent essai clinique randomisé, en double aveugle, contrôlé contre placebo, a évalué l'effet de la supplémentation en zinc sur les taux de zinc et de calcium sériques chez des femmes ostéoporotiques ménopausées. (who.int)
  • Les mesures anthropométriques, l'apport alimentaire en zinc et en calcium, les taux de zinc et de calcium sériques ont été évalués au début de l'étude puis à 60 jours. (who.int)
  • For instance, one study which aimed to study the effectiveness of a glycoprotein called lactoferrin on bone formation used osteocalcin as a measure of osteoblast activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The response of two formation markers can be explained by the different stage of osteoblast activity that they express. (irb.hr)
  • The combined use of BMD measurement and bone markers is likely to improve the assessment of the risk of fractures in those cases. (medscape.com)
  • Ironically, those drugs are prescribed to prevent fractures, but by unbalancing bone turnover, they can cause fractures . (saveourbones.com)
  • Decreased bone quality and increased risk of fractures are associated with changes in bone microarchitecture and local humoral environment. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • Given the importance of developing new approaches to the diagnosis and correction of metabolic disorders in diabetic patients, the study of the influence of bone hormones on hormonal and metabolic parameters and bone status, including the risk of fractures, remains relevant in modern diabetology. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • 2007) shows that low levels of bioE2 and bioT were found to be associated with high bone turnover, low QUS and BMD and high risk of osteoporotic fractures in both men and women. (lasa-vu.nl)
  • 2002) concluded bone markers and fractures were not associated with lower ApoE epsilon4 in either women or men. (lasa-vu.nl)
  • The discovery of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) pathway, a transmembrane protein belonging to the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and its inhibition by osteoprotogerin (OPG) has had important implications for bone physiology as well as inflammation research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prolia binds to RANKL, a transmembrane or soluble protein essential for the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption. (druglib.com)
  • Intact OC was measured as a marker of bone formation by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although combination of physical activity with supplementation has being investigated on its effects in maintaining and enhancing bone health, little is known about the effectiveness of combination of aerobic dance exercise with honey supplementation on bone metabolism markers in women. (unisza.edu.my)
  • In the process of bone remodeling (formation/destruction), the active cells secrete specific biomarkers that help detect osteometabolic dysfunction. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • Maximum likelihood estimation in a repeated-measures model was used to assess the effects of SRCD and age on bone biomarkers. (cdc.gov)
  • Integrin-mediated interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are required for the attachment, cytoskeletal organization, mechanosensing, migration, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells in the context of a multitude of biological processes including fertilization, implantation and embryonic development, immune response, bone resorption and platelet aggregation. (thno.org)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The remainder of the blood supply is through nutrient vessels that pierce the cortex and supply the marrow cavity and the inner two thirds of the cortical bone. (medscape.com)
  • Abarrategi A, Mian SA, Passaro D, Rouault-Pierre K, Grey W, Bonnet D. Modeling the human bone marrow niche in mice: From host bone marrow engraftment to bioengineering approaches. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • When the RBC is even slightly low, it may be from an accumulation of fat cells within the bone marrow. (food4healthybones.com)
  • The amount of fat found in bone marrow is unrelated to the amount of subcutaneous fat found in the rest of the body. (food4healthybones.com)
  • The problem with bone marrow fat is that, more times than not, it goes unnoticed. (food4healthybones.com)
  • Excess bone marrow fat crowds out the RBC-forming hematopoietic stem cells. (food4healthybones.com)
  • The adverse effects of having excess fat in bone marrow is like a stone thrown into water. (food4healthybones.com)
  • After all this negative stuff about bone marrow fat, I wish I could tell you to simply go run around the block a few times. (food4healthybones.com)
  • Techniques Sufferers and samples Bone marrow specimens were obtained at the time of diagnosis throughout schedule clinical assessment of 11 sufferers with AML, who presented at the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Soo chow University in between 2011 and 2012. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • On top of that, bone marrow samples from 10 balanced donors were analyzed as controls. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • Bone marrow mononuclear cells have been isolated applying Ficoll solution inside two h just after bone marrow samples harvested and instantly subjected for that ex traction of total RNA. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • RNA extraction For RNA extraction, bone marrow samples have been imme diately submerged in 2 ml Trizol, stored at 80 C until eventually more processed. (micrornainhibitors.com)
  • Injections of high levels of osteocalcin alone can trigger an ASR in the presence of adrenal insufficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adapted from Ross PD, Knowlton W. Rapid bone loss is associated with increased levels of biochemical markers. (medscape.com)
  • Each step produces unique markers that can be measured with varying levels of accuracy. (saveourbones.com)
  • Their presence and levels in blood or urine indicate how much bone resorption is occurring. (saveourbones.com)
  • Osteocyte activity markers can also be observed to measure resorption levels. (saveourbones.com)
  • At the end of each dosing interval, CTX reductions were partially attenuated from a maximal reduction of ≥ 87% to ≥ 45% (range: 45% to 80%), as serum denosumab levels diminished, reflecting the reversibility of the effects of Prolia on bone remodeling. (druglib.com)
  • We evaluated the effect of non-weight-bearing exercise on bone metabolism by measuring serum levels of biochemical markers, N-terminal osteocalcin (OC), and intact OC. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Osteocalcin levels continued to decrease towards the end of the study. (irb.hr)
  • Circulating levels of play an important role in the bone remodeling complex. (lasa-vu.nl)
  • Taking DHEA by mouth daily for up to 2 years doesn't seem to improve body shape, bone strength, muscle strength, or quality of life in people older than 60 who have low DHEA levels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These observations suggest that TNF blockade may have a beneficial effect on bone generally, not just on erosions in RA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest that the type and duration of exercise using the current training method were insufficient to produce a favorable effect on bone. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In the pancreas, osteocalcin acts on beta cells, causing beta cells in the pancreas to release more insulin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fat cells, osteocalcin triggers the release of the hormone adiponectin, which increases sensitivity to insulin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osteocalcin promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion, and also affects the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • Measurement of hormonal factors and biochemical markers included sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), osteocalcin (OC), deoxypyridinolin (DPD) and creatinine (Cr). (lasa-vu.nl)
  • Cells called osteoclasts dissolve portions of bone, resorbing minerals into the blood. (saveourbones.com)
  • Among bone hormones, osteocalcin plays an important role as a coordinator of bone modeling processes, energy homeostasis, metabolism of glucose, lipids and minerals. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • Fgf23 and parathyroid hormone signaling interact in kidney and bone. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • Mann-Whitney U test and Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the cemented vertebra recompression was correlated with BMD, contact between bone cement and endplates, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bone strength was analyzed by indentation testing and BMD measurement by pQCT of femurs from the rats. (dtu.dk)
  • Various biochemical markers are now available that allow a specific and sensitive assessment of the rate of bone formation and bone resorption of the skeleton. (medscape.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of bone as an endocrine organ that produces biologically active substances, which regulate both local bone metabolism and metabolic functions throughout the body. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • In many studies, osteocalcin is used as a preliminary biomarker on the effectiveness of a given drug on bone formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1,2) These two processes are usually tightly coupled and result in the replacement of old bone by new bone, which is necessary for the maintenance of the mechanical integrity of the skeleton. (lasa-vu.nl)
  • Bone microarchitecture of the distal non-dominant radius and tibia was measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). (frontiersin.org)
  • Bones vary widely in size, ranging from the tiny inner ear bones that are responsible for transmitting mechanical sound waves to the sensory organs to the large (nearly 2 ft long) femur bone that is strong enough to withstand 30 times one's body weight. (medscape.com)
  • Long bones are formed from a cartilage model precursor by endochondral ossification (see the image below) and can range in size from a phalanx to a femur. (medscape.com)
  • Prediction of bone loss with biochemical bone markers. (medscape.com)
  • Control of inflammation appears to be the most important strategy for prevention of bone loss in RA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A few very early studies have also examined the effect of disease modifying drugs on bone loss in RA using older densitometric techniques like metacarpal morphometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AIM Ovariectomy of female rats induces significant bone-loss by depriving endogenous estrogen production. (dtu.dk)
  • The osteoporotic jaw bone will experience the decrease of jaw bone density, the increase alveolar jaw bone resorption, and also the increase risk of periodontal disease and tooth loss. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • The subchondral bone is not true cortical bone, in that it lacks some of the organization of cortical bone. (medscape.com)
  • Adiponectin regulates bone mass via opposite central and peripheral mechanisms through FoxO1. (dntb.gov.ua)
  • In clinical studies, treatment with 60 mg of Prolia resulted in reduction in the bone resorption marker serum type 1 C-telopeptide (CTX) by approximately 85% by 3 days, with maximal reductions occurring by 1 month. (druglib.com)
  • Experimental silicon deprivation in rats [ 14 - 16 ] and chicks [ 17 , 18 ] demonstrated marked effects on growth and bone metabolism which in some studies resulted in aberrant connective tissue and bone mineralization (thinner cortex, less calcified bone matrix) and bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)