Bonds sugar phosphate backbone peptide nucleic acids. Medical search. Frequent questions

Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
Nucleosides can be produced from nucleotides de novo, particularly in the liver, but they are more abundantly supplied via ingestion and digestion of nucleic acids in the diet, whereby nucleotidases break down nucleotides (such as the thymidine monophosphate) into nucleosides (such as thymidine) and phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, nucleotides can be broken down inside the cell into nitrogenous bases, and ribose-1-phosphate or deoxyribose-1-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
These nucleotides possess the non-canonical sugar dideoxyribose, which lacks 3' hydroxyl group (which accepts the phosphate). (wikipedia.org)
a]Nitrogen is found in amino acids, the monomers of proteins, and in the nitrogenous bases that make up nucleotides (the monomers of nucleic acids). (learn-biology.com)
Phosphate groups are found within phospholipids and nucleotides. (chemicalindustrynews.com)
Macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides - are formed by the polymerization of hundreds of their low-molecular-weight precursors - amino acids, nucleotides, and simple sugars. (baahkast.com)
Located predominantly in cell nuclei, it is composed of two chains of nucleotides -- deoxyribose and phosphate backbones with side chains of purine (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidine (cytosine and thymine) bases projecting inward. (nih.gov)
Both types of sugars are important components of nucleotides. (databasefootball.com)
adenine (A) - A nitrogenous base that occurs in DNA and RNA nucleotides and pairs with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) through two hydrogen bonds. (rcsb.org)
It is a nucleic acid polymer that consists of monomers called nucleotides that are bound together via a condensation reaction. (hafsaabbas.com)
Nucleotides polymerisation does not involve the bases and is conducted by producing phosphodiester bonds between carbon 3' of the ribose sugar and an oxygen atom of the phosphate group. (hafsaabbas.com)
A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genetic information encoding a particular amino acid. (genome.gov)
Proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)
In the early twentieth century, it was believed that proteins might carry genetic information because proteins were known to be composed of 20 distinct amino acids, whereas DNA is composed of only 4 nucleotides. (proprofs.com)
Which type of bonds link the individual nucleotides together in DNA? (proprofs.com)
The monomers from which nucleic acids are constructed are called nucleotides . (wikidoc.org)
Nucleic acid types differ in the structure of the sugar in their nucleotides - DNA contains 2- deoxyriboses while RNA contains ribose . (wikidoc.org)
There are two sugars found in nucleotides: deoxyribose and ribose (Figure 2.128). (rainis.pics)

The four main classes of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are essential to the proper functioning of all living things are known as polymers or macromolecules. (baahkast.com)
active site - A region in proteins and nucleic acids (that participate in chemical reactions), where reacting molecules (substrates) bind and make specific contacts necessary for chemical catalysis. (rcsb.org)
Name the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. (studymode.com)
Extraction procedures are optimized to precipitate and remove proteins and nucleic acids while maximizing solubilization of GSLs along with other lipids. (springer.com)

is an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two large molecules by chemical bonding. (flashcardmachine.com)
Nucleic acids are the information-carrying molecules that determine inherited characteristics in all living organisms. (atthaiproperty.com)
As a result of this polarity, water can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, and with other polar substances. (learn-biology.com)
Nucleic acids are the molecules of genetics and heredity, and includes DNA and RNA. (learn-biology.com)
Carbon's affinity for covalent bonding means that many distinct and relatively stable organic molecules nevertheless readily form larger, more complex molecules. (chemicalindustrynews.com)
Minor groove binders are long, flat molecules composed of several similar subunits that are held together by peptide bonds that can adopt a "crescent" shape. (mlo-online.com)
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids are the four major classes of biological macromolecules-large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules. (baahkast.com)
With few exceptions, cellular membranes - including plasma membranes and internal membranes - are made of glycerophospholipids, molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains. (baahkast.com)
In the simplest of molecules, dihydrogen (often written as H-H, or H 2 ), a single line represents the pair of electrons that forms a single bond between the two hydrogen atoms. (nationalacademies.org)
FIGURE 2.1 Lewis structures for formaldehyde (left) and water (right) show the presence of four electrons (each represented by a dot) on the oxygen atoms of the two molecules.These electrons are not involved in the formation of any bond. (nationalacademies.org)
Hence, the carbon-hydrogen bond is not generally associated with a large bond dipole moment, and molecules that contain carbon-hydrogen units are not particularly polar. (nationalacademies.org)
An exemplary method involves detection of single molecules of fluorescent labels released from a nucleic acid during synthesis of an oligonucleotide. (justia.com)
In condensation reactions a water molecule is released, a covalent bond is formed and a larger molecule is formed by the bonding together of smaller molecules. (studymode.com)
In hydrolysis reactions a water molecule is used, a covalent bond is broken, smaller molecules are formed from splitting larger ones. (studymode.com)
When you break down large molecules in digestion which breaks the glycosidic bonds. (studymode.com)
Special emphasis is put on the preparation of Gb 3 molecules differing only in their fatty acid part (saturated, unsaturated, α-hydroxylated and both, unsaturated and α-hydroxylated). (springer.com)
To obtain fluorescent Gb 3 derivatives, either fatty acid labelled Gb 3 molecules or head group labelled ones were synthesized. (springer.com)
a) Glycosidic bond: It is a bond formed between two monosaccharide molecules in a polysaccharide. (studybaba.in)
Triglycerides are esters of three molecules of fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol. (studybaba.in)
The sides are sugar and phosphate molecules. (diabetestalk.net)
Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, can be considered as the information molecules of the cell. (rainis.pics)
Molecules that contain only a sugar and a nitrogenous base (no phosphate) are called nucleosides. (rainis.pics)
While the method was invented to separate neutral species, it can also be applied to charged molecules such as small peptides. (lookformedical.com)
Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are synthetic molecules which have standard nucleic acid bases, but those bases are bound to non-ribose methylenemorpholine rings linked through phosphorodiamidate groups instead of phosphates ( Summerton & Weller, 1997 ). (turkupetcentre.net)

What forms the "backbone" of a protein? (flashcardmachine.com)
Major site is a large protein that has an essential role in the synthesis of hormones, lipids, and nucleic acids. (atthaiproperty.com)
These amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a protein. (atthaiproperty.com)
Polymer: Protein or polypeptide - A peptide is a chain of amino acids, so a polypeptide is several chains put together. (slideshare.net)
Frequently used methods are based on, for example, antigen-antibody systems, nucleic acid hybridization techniques, and protein-ligand systems. (justia.com)
3-10 helix - A type of protein secondary structural element that is more tightly coiled than the alpha helix (3 amino acids per turn with 10 atoms in the ring completed by each intra-helical hydrogen bond). (rcsb.org)
alignment - A comparison of two or more gene or protein sequences in order to determine their degree of similarity in amino acid or bases, respectively. (rcsb.org)
Each gene codes for a polypeptide (protein) by stating the order of the amino acids sequence. (hafsaabbas.com)
A polypeptide are lots of amino acids monomers bind together via peptide bonds to form protein polymers. (hafsaabbas.com)
A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene. (genome.gov)
Each time an amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide during protein synthesis, a tRNA anticodon pairs with its complementary codon on the mRNA molecule, ensuring that the appropriate amino acid is inserted into the polypeptide. (genome.gov)
For example, in certain circumstances polypeptides are considered monomers and they may bond non-covalently to form dimers (i.e. higher orders of protein structure). (mcat-prep.com)
The current MCAT regularly has questions which require previous knowledge of the structures, features (including changes in charge with pH), 3- and 1-letter abbreviations of the 20 common protein-generating amino acids, etc. (mcat-prep.com)
In addition to amide hydrogen bonds and the hydrophobic effect, interactions involving π-bonded sp2 atoms of amides, aromatics, and other groups occur in protein self-assembly processes including folding, oligomerization, and condensate formation. (bvsalud.org)
These findings are relevant for interactions involving π-bonded sp2 atoms in protein processes. (bvsalud.org)
This tactic, however, has been hampered by insufficient methods to introduce thioamide bonds into peptide or protein backbones in a site-specific and stereo-retentive fashion. (bvsalud.org)
Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes, forms vital portions of ribosomes, and serves as an essential carrier molecule for amino acids to be used in protein synthesis. (wikidoc.org)
When the individual peptide chains of secondary structure of protein are further extensively coiled and folded into sphere-like shapes with the hydrogen bonds between the amino and carboxyl group and various other kinds of bonds cross-linking on-chain to another they form tertiary structure. (studybaba.in)
If you are given a method to know which amino acid is at either of two termini (ends) of a protein, can you connect this information to purity or homogeneity of a protein? (studybaba.in)
A protein is imagined as a line whose left end represents the first and right end represents the last amino acid. (studybaba.in)
Actually, the number of amino acids in between the two termini determines the purity or homogeneity of a protein. (studybaba.in)
Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity. (transectscience.org)
The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene which is encoded in the genetic code. (transectscience.org)
Three possible representations of the three-dimensional structure of the protein triose phosphate isomerize. (transectscience.org)
So, for example, one gene will code for the protein insulin, which is important role in helping your body to control the amount of sugar in your blood. (diabetestalk.net)
Read in groups of three, the base sequence directly gives the amino acid sequence in the encoded protein. (rainis.pics)
Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein. (lookformedical.com)

The starting molecule for lipid biosynthesis is the fatty acid (FA) phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine, which is converted to PI in two steps. (atthaiproperty.com)
Phosphorus is found in the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids, in phospholipids, and in the energy transfer molecule ATP. (learn-biology.com)
Polymers are taken apart through hydrolysis, during which enzymes break the bonds between the monomer residues in a polymer by jamming in a water molecule, which becomes an "-OH" on one monomer and an "-H" on the second. (learn-biology.com)
The bonds between their monomers are broken, via the donation of a molecule of water, which contributes a hydrogen atom to one monomer and a hydroxyl group to the other. (chemicalindustrynews.com)
ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)
Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule that functions as the backbone of these membrane lipids. (baahkast.com)
A complete structural model for a molecule also shows the positions of electrons not involved in covalent bonding. (nationalacademies.org)
In this case, the distribution of negative charge in a molecule may be different from the distribution of positive charge, and the molecule has one or more bond dipole moments, the magnitude of which depends on these distributions. (nationalacademies.org)
The invention also relates to improved methods for sequencing and genotyping nucleic acid in a single molecule configuration. (justia.com)
The terminal phosphate groups are highly reactive in the sense that their hydrolysis, or transfer to another molecule, takes place with the release of a large amount of free energy. (nih.gov)
adenosine triphosphate - A molecule consisting of a ribose sugar molecule at the center with an attached adenine base on one side and a string of three phosphates on the other. (rcsb.org)
amine - A molecule containing nitrogen with a single bond to a carbon chain and two other single bonds to hydrogen or carbon. (rcsb.org)
There are four nucleobases: cytosine ( C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T) and Adenine (A). These are attached in the position where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is located in the sugar molecule which is 1' carbon. (hafsaabbas.com)
An amino acid is the fundamental molecule that serves as the building block for proteins. (genome.gov)
Each of these is distinguished from naturally-occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule. (wikidoc.org)
In the more common B form, the DNA helix has a repeat of 10.5 base pairs per turn, with the sugar and phosphate forming the covalent phosphodiester "backbone" of the molecule, and the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine line up in the middle, where the base pairs we know today are, which look like the rungs of a ladder. (rainis.pics)

Then why do lipids, whose molecular weights do not exceed 800, come under acid-insoluble fractions i.e., macromolecular fractions? (studybaba.in)

Salvage of polymeric PGN presumably requires the removal of peptides from PGN by an unknown amidase, concomitantly with the translocation of the polymer across the outer membrane. (karger.com)
Ribonucleic acid, or RNA, is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers, which plays several important roles in the processes of translating genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into proteins. (wikidoc.org)
A strand of DNA is a polymer of nucleoside monophosphates linked by phosphodiester bonds. (rainis.pics)

Carbohydrates include sugars and their polymers, starches and plant fiber. (learn-biology.com)
Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are often found as long polymers in nature. (baahkast.com)

Cistron -- A basic unit of hereditary material, it is the smallest genetic unit that must be intact to function as a transmitter of genetic information, i.e., to determine the sequence of amino acids of one polypeptide chain. (nih.gov)
A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. (transectscience.org)
Insulin, synthesized by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, consists of 2 dissimilar polypeptide chains, A and B, which are linked by 2 disulfide bonds. (diabetestalk.net)

The major varieties are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). (atthaiproperty.com)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 1.1. (slideserve.com)
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid -- The primary genetic material of all cellular organisms and the DNA viruses. (nih.gov)
Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is often referred to as the building blocks for life. (databasefootball.com)
Amongst the organelles in the cell is the nucleus that contains the genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to control the cell. (hafsaabbas.com)
The most common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). (wikidoc.org)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. (wikidoc.org)

Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins, or function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism. (nih.gov)
containing a basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group, and a side chain attached to an alpha carbon atom, and that link together by peptide bonds to form proteins, or that function as chemical messengers and as intermediates in metabolism. (nih.gov)

 Monosaccharides - simple sugars with multiple OH groups. (slideshare.net)
3- carbon monosaccharides are called triose sugars. (studymode.com)
6-carbon monosaccharides are called hexose sugars. (studymode.com)
This bond is formed between two carbon atoms of two adjacent monosaccharides. (studybaba.in)

One cycle includes a temperature for separating double-stranded nucleic acid into single strands, and a second temperature for annealing of sequence-specific primers and for extension of the copy using the primers as a starting point. (mlo-online.com)
A double-stranded nucleic acid consists of two single-stranded nucleic acids held together by hydrogen bonds , such as in the DNA double helix. (wikidoc.org)

Monomers are assembled into polymers by dehydration synthesis, during which enzymes catalyze bonds between monomers as they remove an "-OH" from one monomer and an "-H" from another. (learn-biology.com)
C 20 H 32 O 2 , an omega-6 fatty acid formed by the action of enzymes on phospholipids in cell membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Made up of a complex of amino-acids, enzymes are part of every chemical reaction in living things. (nih.gov)
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a secondary metabolite of salicylic acid which has been hydrolyzed by liver enzymes during phase I metabolism. (medchemexpress.com)

That enables carbon atoms to form four covalent bonds, both with other carbon atoms and with atoms of other elements. (learn-biology.com)
Organic compounds typically consist of groups of carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen, usually oxygen, and often other elements as well. (chemicalindustrynews.com)
Moreover, the atoms to which carbon atoms bond may also be part of a functional group. (chemicalindustrynews.com)
A functional group is a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds and tending to function in chemical reactions as a single unit. (chemicalindustrynews.com)
They are composed of thousands of covalently bonded atoms. (baahkast.com)
Covalent bonds between two atoms are formed when the two atoms share a pair of electrons. (nationalacademies.org)
In water (H-O-H), the lines connecting each hydrogen atom to the oxygen atom each represent a pair of electrons that form a single bond holding the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen. (nationalacademies.org)
In contrast,bonds joining carbon and hydrogen atoms to heteroatoms (atoms other than carbon or hydrogen)are often quite polar. (nationalacademies.org)
The backbone atoms of the peptide in this region forms a right handed helical structure, hence the name. (rcsb.org)
Previous analysis of thermodynamic coefficients quantifying net-favorable interactions of amide compounds with other amides and aromatics revealed that interactions of amide sp2O with amide sp2N unified atoms (presumably Câ O···H-N hydrogen bonds) and amide/aromatic sp2C (lone pair π, n-π*) are particularly favorable. (bvsalud.org)

The sugars which can be found in nucleic acid are pentose sugars, part of what makes up DNA. (databasefootball.com)
Nitrogenous bases found in nucleic acids include adenine and guanine (called purines) and cytosine, uracil, or thymine (called pyrimidines). (rainis.pics)

mRNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid that has the same structure as DNA but differs in several ways. (atthaiproperty.com)

Sugar Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine Purines Pyrimidines 1. (slideserve.com)
ATP, or Adenosine triphosphate -- Nucleoside triphosphate composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups that is the primary carrier of chemical energy in cells. (nih.gov)
Hydrogen bonds link adenine to guanine, and cytosine to thymine. (nih.gov)
DNA is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. (databasefootball.com)
RNA is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and four bases as well, though one of them is different: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. (databasefootball.com)
Adenine bonds with thymine, while guanine pairs with cytosine. (databasefootball.com)
Since RNA has uracil instead of thymine, uracil bonds with adenine in RNA. (databasefootball.com)
The strength of the interaction between cytosine and guanine is stronger than between adenine and thymine because the former pair has three hydrogen bonds joining them while the latter pair have only two. (wikidoc.org)
The double helix, made up of a pair of DNA strands, has bases in its core that are joined by hydrogen bonds to form base pairs: adenine always paired with thymine and guanine always paired with cytosine. (rainis.pics)
Two hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine, but three hydrogen bonds hold guanine and cytosine together (Fig. 2.127). (rainis.pics)

A nucleoside consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (ribose or 2'-deoxyribose) whereas a nucleotide is composed of a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. (wikipedia.org)
A specialized enzyme adds a phosphate group to the five carbon sugar of the DNA building block called deoxyribose to produce ribonucleoside triphosphate. (atthaiproperty.com)
The sugar found in RNA is ribose , whereas the sugar found in DNA is deoxyribose, both of which are 5-carbon sugars. (databasefootball.com)
By contrast, DNA has the sugar deoxyribose. (databasefootball.com)
There are two types of pentose sugars: ribose and deoxyribose. (hafsaabbas.com)

Macromolecules are made up of single units known as monomers that are joined by covalent bonds to form larger polymers. (baahkast.com)
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. (libretexts.org)
One, those which have molecular weights less than one thousand and are usually referred to as macromolecules or simply as biomolecules while those which are found in the acid-insoluble fraction are called macromolecules or as biomacromolecules. (studybaba.in)
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. (transectscience.org)
Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. (transectscience.org)

In a nucleoside, the anomeric carbon is linked through a glycosidic bond to the N9 of a purine or the N1 of a pyrimidine. (wikipedia.org)
D. a chain of sugar groups, linked through glycosidic bonds. (flashcardmachine.com)
Describe the formation and breakage of glycosidic bonds in the synthesis and hydrolysis of a disaccharide. (studymode.com)
A covalent bonds called a glycosidic bond is formed. (studymode.com)
Water breaks the glycosidic bond in a hydrolysis reaction. (studymode.com)
As the glycosidic bonds between glucose is covalently bonded which is a strong bond, a lot of energy is released when these bonds are broken so this is a good energy store. (studymode.com)
The bases extend from a glycosidic linkage to the 1"carbon of the pentose sugar ring. (wikidoc.org)
Illustrate a glycosidic, peptide and a phospho-diester bond. (studybaba.in)

RNA has the sugar ribose in it. (databasefootball.com)
Ribose is referred to as a pentose monosaccharide, a simple sugar. (databasefootball.com)
As mentioned before, ribose is a key component of ribonucleic acid. (databasefootball.com)
This is because the phosphate group is bound to carbon 5' of the ribose sugar. (hafsaabbas.com)
There is a 3' end because there is a hydroxyl (-OH) group on carbon 3' of the ribose sugar. (hafsaabbas.com)
Bases are joined through N-1 of pyrimidines and N-9 of purins to 1' carbon of ribose through N-β glycosyl bond. (wikidoc.org)

One nucleic acid monomer, ATP, is also life's key energy currency. (learn-biology.com)

Acyl radical -- A chemical group radical in which a carbon-oxygen pair is bonded to a partner in place of the typical hydroxyl group. (nih.gov)
c) Phosphodiester bond: This is the bond present between the phosphate and hydroxyl group of sugar which is called an ester bond. (studybaba.in)

Amino acid -- The basic building block of proteins and polypeptides. (nih.gov)
Short polypeptides, containing less than 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. (transectscience.org)

It is a 5-carbon sugar called a pentose. (hafsaabbas.com)
These are a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and at least one phosphate. (rainis.pics)

Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (unboundmedicine.com)
Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester is a methylated docosahexaenoic acid analog which can be intercalated into membrane phospholipids without being oxidized or hydrolyzed [1][2]. (medchemexpress.com)

Chymotrypsin -- An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis (the breakdown) of proteins into peptides or amino acids in the small intestine. (nih.gov)
Disulfide interchange enzyme -- An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of disulfide bonds within proteins during folding. (nih.gov)
In this study we show that nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (BF4NO), a NO+ donor, modified the thiol groups of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by S-nitrosylation and caused enzyme inhibition. (lookformedical.com)
L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme. (medchemexpress.com)

Carbohydrate -- Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. (nih.gov)

There are 20 different amino acids and 4 different bases. (hafsaabbas.com)

There are 20 different alpha amino acids commonly found in nature that can covalently link with each other to form short peptides or longer proteins. (rcsb.org)

Chymotrypsin also catalyses the hydrolysis of ester bonds. (nih.gov)
Replacement of oxoamide units with thioamides in peptide therapeutics is a valuable tactic to improve biological activity and resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. (bvsalud.org)
Cysteine -- A sulfur-containing nonessential amino acid produced by the enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of proteins. (nih.gov)
The RNA phosphodiester bond is most stable at pH 4-5 at 90°C . Hydrolysis of the dinucleoside 3',5'-UpU at 90°C as a function of pH. (biomedcentral.com)
Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B1 (Aminopentol) is the backbone and main hydrolysis product of the mycotoxin Fumonisin B1 (HY-N6719). (medchemexpress.com)

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 2.1. (slideserve.com)
This is why RNA is called Ribonucleic Acid. (databasefootball.com)

C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (unboundmedicine.com)

They consist of long, spiral-spiraling sugar and phosphate backbones connected by nitrogen-containing bases. (atthaiproperty.com)
An acid reacts with a metal to form a salt, neutralizes bases, and turns litmus paper red. (unboundmedicine.com)
When DNA bonds together, its bases always pair the same way. (databasefootball.com)
The strands are wounded together by hydrogen bonding between the bases. (hafsaabbas.com)
A sequence of three DNA bases that code for an amino acid is called a codon. (hafsaabbas.com)
Other rare nucleic acid bases can occur, for example inosine in strands of mature transfer RNA . (wikidoc.org)
In addition to hydrogen bonding between the bases on each strand, the duplex is held together by hydrophobic interactions of the stacked nonpolar bases. (rainis.pics)
This is to distinguish the carbons of sugars from those of bases, whose carbons are simply labeled 1, 2, 3, etc. (rainis.pics)

It is selective for peptide bonds with aromatic or large hydrophobic side chains on the carboxyl side of this bond. (nih.gov)
A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains. (wikidoc.org)

C 10 H 18 N 4 O 6 , a compound intermediate in the synthesis of arginine, formed from citrulline and aspartic acid. (unboundmedicine.com)
While DNA is responsible for storing genetic information, it is RNA that codes for the synthesis of amino acids and carries information between ribosomes and DNA, allowing ribosomes to make proteins. (databasefootball.com)

Tertiary: The entire chain of amino acids is bent and molded as needed, forming a sub-unit. (slideshare.net)

C 18 H 30 O 2 , an omega-3 fatty acid derived from plants, esp. (unboundmedicine.com)
The results again demonstrate that the fatty acid of Gb 3 plays a pivotal role for the overall membrane organisation. (springer.com)

Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. (mdpi.com)

The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. (transectscience.org)

The enhanced permeability and metabolic stability on thioamidation improve the bioavailability of a macrocyclic peptide composed of hydrophobic amino acids when administered through the oral route in rats. (bvsalud.org)

Of particular value are methods for measuring small quantities of nucleic acids, peptides, saccharides, pharmaceuticals, metabolites, microorganisms and other materials of diagnostic value. (justia.com)

Two recently identified exo-lytic N -acetylmuramidases (Tf_NamZ1 and Tf_NamZ2) specifically cleave the peptide-free, exogenous (nutrition source) PGN in the periplasm and release the MurNAc and disaccharide substrates for the transporters Tf_MurT and Tf_AmpG, respectively, whereas the peptide-containing, endogenous (the self-cell wall) PGN stays unattached. (karger.com)

amino acid - A building block of proteins is an alpha amino acid which contains a basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group, and a hydrogen or organic side chain attached to the central carbon atom. (rcsb.org)

What catalyzes the formation of phospho-diester bonds between adjacent ribonucleotides during transcription. (flashcardmachine.com)

Nucleic acids are usually either single-stranded or double-stranded, though structures with three or more strands can form. (wikidoc.org)

Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). (wikidoc.org)

The phosphate group is negatively charged and this provides the nucleic acid with acidic properties. (hafsaabbas.com)
Based on the ganglio GSL series, gangliosides are synthesized, where sialic acids are linked to the glycan structure to produce negatively charged GSLs. (springer.com)

Aspects of the disclosure relate to compositions and methods for amplifying and/or detecting one or more target nucleic acid sequences (e.g., a nucleic acid sequence of one or more pathogens) in a biological sample obtained from a subject. (justia.com)
Notably, this convenient method can be employed for the controlled thioamide coupling of multifunctionalized peptides without epimerization of stereocenters, including the late stage thioacylation of advanced compounds of biological and medicinal interest. (bvsalud.org)

Solvent shielding of the amide hydrogen bond donor (NH groups) through chemical modification or conformational control has been successfully utilized to impart membrane permeability to macrocyclic peptides. (bvsalud.org)
We demonstrate that passive membrane permeability can also be conferred by masking the amide hydrogen bond acceptor (>C = O) through a thioamide substitution (>C = S). The membrane permeability is a consequence of the lower desolvation penalty of the macrocycle resulting from a concerted effect of conformational restriction, local desolvation of the thioamide bond, and solvent shielding of the amide NH groups. (bvsalud.org)
Thioamides are an important, but a largely underexplored class of amide bioisostere in peptides. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes25

Information Science3

Health Care2

Nucleotides19

Proteins and nucleic acids4

Molecules24

Protein28

Molecule16

Lipids1

Polymer3

Carbohydrates2

Polypeptide3

Deoxyribonucleic7

Together by peptide bonds to form2

Monosaccharides4

Double-stranded nucleic acid2

ENZYMES4

Atoms10

Found in nucleic2

Single-stranded nucleic1

Adenine10

Deoxyribose5

Macromolecules5

Glycosidic8

Ribose6

Monomer1

Hydroxyl group2

Polypeptides2

Pentose2

Phospholipids2

Enzyme4

Organic compounds1

Different amino acids1

Covalently1

Hydrolysis5

Ribonucleic acid2

Polymers1

Bases8

Chains2

Synthesis2

Chain of amino1

Fatty acid2

Biomolecules1

Adjacent amino1

Hydrophobic1

MICROORGANISMS1

Disaccharide1

Carboxyl group1

Phospho-diester1

Strands1

Morpholino1

Negatively charged2

Biological2

Amide3