• Toxin Mutants Are Defective in Biofilm Ligase and Sphingomyelinase Activity, and Causation of Infective Endocarditis and Sepsis. (ucdenver.edu)
  • An extract of the coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana inhibited the ubiquitin ligase activity of the immunomodulatory protein Cbl-b. (cancer.gov)
  • Enzymes can be classified and named according to their reactions: (1) oxidoreductases, (2) transferases, (3) lyases, (4) isomerases, and (6) ligases. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Basically, ligases are a group of enzymes that enable the binding of two molecules. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • There are six types of enzymes and ligases are one of them. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Ligase and lyase are closely related classes of enzymes. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • However, ligase and lyase are different types of enzymes. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • New research published today, in Nature , describes a new family of enzymes (ligases) which can assemble the key chemical building blocks required for pharmaceutical production. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • The newly discovered enzymes can effectively enable different molecules to be stuck together by creating what is known as amide bonds. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • The new findings have demonstrated that the ligase enzymes can accept many substrates, but in some cases proved too unstable for practical use. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • We are confident that our ligase enzymes offer many advantages over the existing methods used to make amides. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • The ligase enzymes provide a cleaner more efficient and rapid way to construct amide bonds. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • The team in Manchester, went searching for natural catalysts (enzymes) that could construct amide bonds in a cleaner, more efficient and sustainable manner using water as a solvent. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • They found a family of ligase enzymes that bacteria use to make amide containing toxins that kill plants. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • However, when they used X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of one of the ligase enzymes, they realised that the enzyme active site was relatively open and could accommodate a much wider range of substrate building blocks for production of pharmaceuticals. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Our observations suggest that the HXKs may be redundant proteins with specific roles depending on carbon and ATP availability, metabolic needs, or sensor requirements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The two-carbon acetyl group in acetyl-CoA is transferred to the four-carbon compound of oxaloacetate to form the six-carbon compound of citrate. (easyomics.org)
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming generic carbon-nitrogen bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is ribose-5-phosphate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ligases, Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds, Acid--D-amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases). (uma.es)
  • It is, as defined in biology, a class of enzyme that binds or joins two macromolecules by forming new bonds such as C-O, C-N, and C-S. Ligase enzyme catalyzes the ligase reaction, e.g. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • An example is DNA ligase which joins two pieces of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • In enzymology, a ribose-5-phosphate-ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.4.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + ribose 5-phosphate + NH3 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + 5-phosphoribosylamine The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, ribose 5-phosphate, and NH3, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and 5-phosphoribosylamine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catalysis of the ligation of an acid to ammonia (NH3) or an amide via a carbon-nitrogen bond, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. (cathdb.info)
  • In the early 20th century, German chemist Fritz Haber ( Figure 17.22 ) developed a practical process for converting diatomic nitrogen, which cannot be used by plants as a nutrient, to ammonia, a form of nitrogen that is easiest for plants to absorb. (openstax.org)
  • He went on to study chemistry and, while at the University of Karlsruhe, he developed what would later be known as the Haber process: the catalytic formation of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen under high temperatures and pressures. (openstax.org)
  • A ligase that makes the connection of two macromolecules and uses molecular energy obtained by the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP), for example, the hydrolysis of -adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is adenosine. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Six degradation products were detected by UPLC/MS analyses and several possible degradation pathways were proposed to be the cleavage of C-N bonds, dechlorination, hydrolysis, defluorination and hydroxylation. (bvsalud.org)
  • What Is The Role Of Dna Ligase In Dna Replication - An enzyme is a catalyst or chemical produced by cells to speed up a biochemical reaction. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • In biology, ligase is a class of enzyme. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Ligase is a type of enzyme that brings about the binding or joining of two molecules. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Biology/Biochemistry: Ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the binding of two molecules. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Based on the molecular bond catalyzed by the ligase enzyme, ligase can be classified into six subclasses (see Table 2). (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • Hexokinase (HXK) is a glycolytic regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation reaction of D-hexoses at the sixth carbon using ATP-Mg 2+ as a phosphate donor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Are you using the oligonucleotide as a substrate for DNA ligase? (idtdna.com)
  • 5' phosphorylation is needed if an oligonucleotide will be used as a substrate for DNA ligase. (idtdna.com)
  • because, for example, amino acid-RNA ligase catalyzes, C-O bond formation between amino acid and RNA transfer. (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • For example, the protein molecules that control the functions of all living organisms are held together by amide bonds, which form a link between the carbon and nitrogen atoms of amino acid building blocks. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • The amino-modifier 5' Amino Modifier C6 with a spacer arm of 7 atoms (6 carbon and 1 nitrogen) is the simplest choice. (idtdna.com)
  • The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. (lookformedical.com)
  • The amide bond can also be used to construct a raft of synthetic, non-natural, molecules including many of the most important pharmaceuticals that we rely on today and agrochemicals that can boost crop yields to feed the growing population. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • In addition, the amide bond is also very strong and is used to construct hard wearing materials (polyamides) including, textiles and carpets. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • Lipoic Acid Ligase-Promoted Bioorthogonal Protein Modification and Immobilization. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Multisite clickable modification of proteins using lipoic acid ligase. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Ligases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • Alkyne modifiers are used to react with azide-labeled functional groups to form stable bonds through the click reaction. (idtdna.com)
  • Finally, they showed how the ligases could be used to generate derivatives of ibuprofen which are being developed as potentially improved anti-inflammatory agents. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • Despite accounting for 78% of air, diatomic nitrogen (N 2 ) is nutritionally unavailable due the tremendous stability of the nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond. (openstax.org)
  • Ligases are classified into six subclasses: (1) EC 6.1 (ligases that form carbon-oxygen bonds), (2) EC 6.2 (ligases that form carbon-sulfur bonds), (3) EC 6.3 (ligases that form carbon-nitrogen bonds), (4) EC 6.4 (ligases that form carbon-carbon bonds), (5) EC 6.5 (ligases that form phosphoric ester bonds), and ( 6) EC 6.6 (ligases that form nitrogen-metal bonds). (changingyourbusiness.com)
  • For many years, scientists have sought to develop new synthetic methods to construct amide bonds. (manchester.edu.sg)
  • Currently, the annual production of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers exceeds 100 million tons and synthetic fertilizer production has increased the number of humans that arable land can support from 1.9 persons per hectare in 1908 to 4.3 in 2008. (openstax.org)
  • The structure elucidation was facilitated by utilizing long-range heteronuclear single quantum multiple bond correlation (LR-HSQMBC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequences optimized to detect four- and five-bond 1 H- 13 C heteronuclear correlations. (cancer.gov)