Bomb acquiring a nuclear weapon. Medical search. Frequent questions

Some of the constraints on Iran's nuclear program will phase out after 10 years. (prnewswire.com)
So we need to build in additional constraints on Iran's nuclear program that will reassure its neighbors in the time frame beyond 10 years, when the constraints on the size of Iran's enrichment program are relaxed. (prnewswire.com)
Netanyahu, who believes Iran is pursuing a nuclear weapon, says the deal will leave much of Iran's nuclear infrastructure intact. (timesofisrael.com)
Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia and its neighbors view Iran's nuclear program (which includes uranium enrichment) as a weapons option, and Iran views its neighbors' nuclear programs with similar suspicion. (americanbar.org)
Michael Eisenstadt, Iran's Nuclear Hedging Strategy , Washington Inst. (americanbar.org)
The War and Peace Index found that Iran's nuclear ambitions were considered by most Israelis to be 'the gravest security danger' facing their country. (antiwar.com)
Indeed, shouldn't Republicans and Democrats be able to agree on legislation that would not be inconsistent with the JCPOA but could address the need to create a firewall between Iran's threshold nuclear status and its becoming a weapons state? (politico.com)
In any case this is critically needed if the Iranians and the world are to understand that force and not sanctions will be the response to Iran's violating its commitment not to pursue a nuclear weapon at any point but especially after the fifteen year period when limits on the size of the Iranian nuclear program are lifted. (politico.com)
The point is that the JCPOA may block Iran's enrichment, plutonium separation, and covert paths to a nuclear bomb for the next fifteen years. (politico.com)
The bad news is that it essentially legitimizes Iran as a nuclear threshold state and, like any deal on Iran's nuclear program, provides the sanctions relief that will permit Iran to do vastly more trouble-making in the region. (politico.com)
In 2015, the previous administration joined with other nations in a deal regarding Iran's nuclear program. (vox.com)
Not only does the deal fail to halt Iran's nuclear ambitions, but it also fails to address the regime's development of ballistic missiles that could deliver nuclear warheads. (vox.com)
A 'raid' of the sort that Israel could mount would probably leave substantial parts of Iran's nuclear programme intact - as well as leaving Iran with enough military capacity to retaliate against Israel and against western interests in the region. (shadowspear.com)
Saudi Arabia has been a staunch critic of the Iran nuclear deal reached in 2015, which it says will alleviate Iran's economic woes and allow it to prop up affiliates like Hezbollah . (aljazeera.com)
The nuclear deal itself proved that Iran's intentions are peaceful and the IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] issued 10 reports to confirm the same fact. (aljazeera.com)
David Foster has an excellent post that highlights not only MSM fecklessness but also the foolishness of relying on facile assumptions about Iran's nuclear capabilities. (chicagoboyz.net)
While they expand Iran's capacity to produce 20% enriched uranium, the top concern of Western powers because of the reduced time-frame for converting it to weapons-grade material, Iran has also converted a substantial proportion of its stockpile of that material into fuel plates that would be useless in any dash to weaponization. (time.com)
Khamenei called for Iran to create 20,000 megawatts of nuclear power capacity - which would require at least 19 more plants the size of Iran's only current nuclear power plant, the Russian-built Bushehr plant (Image: Wikimedia Commons). (aijac.org.au)
These demands include that Iran's nuclear infrastructure remains untouched and sharp limitations on International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) monitoring. (aijac.org.au)
What are Iran's nuclear ambitions: Will it be satisfied with having a "break-out" capability or is it determined to build and deploy a nuclear arsenal? (nationalinterest.org)
What is the feasibility of a military attack to eliminate Iran's nuclear program? (nationalinterest.org)
The Bombers believe that only a military strike will end Iran's nuclear program and that a military strike is better sooner rather than later. (nationalinterest.org)
In this group's view, Iran's actions are governed by rational cost-benefit calculations and that the Supreme Leader has not yet decided to build nuclear weapons. (nationalinterest.org)
The Coercers differ on their optimal diplomatic approach-whether to go for a "grand bargain" or start small and work up-but they share a belief in the value of negotiations, the utility of sanctions and the appeal of positive inducements to convince Iran's leaders to give up their nuclear-weapon ambitions. (nationalinterest.org)
In contrast, Iran's nuclear program is spread over dozens of sites and Iran has a strong domestic scientific and technical base it could use to rebuild the program. (nationalinterest.org)
U.S. military planners are increasingly confident of their ability to deliver a serious blow against Iran's underground nuclear facility in a mountain bunker at Fordow, should the president order an attack. (dailyalert.org)

Bomb Iran: For Israel and America! (counterpunch.org)
Unsubtly titled " The Case for Bombing Iran: I hope and pray that President Bush will do it, " it is a work of eloquently simplistic and hysterical propaganda, truly a model of the genre. (counterpunch.org)
Iran, Podhoretz declares, betraying no trace of self-doubt, wants to acquire nuclear weapons in order to destroy Israel. (counterpunch.org)
Not only that, Podhoretz avers (perhaps to deflect any suggestion that he's narrowly concerned with Israel): Ahmadinejad cherishes "a larger dream of extending the power and influence of Islam throughout Europe, and this too he hopes to accomplish by playing on the fear that resistance to Iran would lead to a nuclear war. (counterpunch.org)
Notice how the day after Podhoretz's piece appeared, International Atomic Energy Agency director IAEA chief and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mohamed ElBaradei referred to "new crazies who say 'let's go and bomb Iran,'" adding that he did not want to see another war like the one in Iraq. (counterpunch.org)
Several recent reports suggest that Cheney is contemptuous of the limited diplomatic process favored by Condi Rice and strongly backs a plan now in effect to disseminate propaganda and disinformation about Iran, and sabotage some of its currency and international financial transactions, preparatory to the bombing plan the neocons have long favored and which remains on track. (counterpunch.org)
Sanctions relief is timed to Iranian compliance, limited to actions involving the Iran nuclear program, and subject to a snap-back for UN sanctions in the event of unresolved disputes concerning Iranian compliance. (prnewswire.com)
They probably believe, as I do, that, even if Iran does not want a nuclear bomb, it does want the option of going for a bomb if the United States ever decides to try to achieve 'regime change' in Teheran by force. (prnewswire.com)
And other countries in the region may want to position themselves to acquire nuclear weapons quickly if Iran does. (prnewswire.com)
While we would like to think that another Iran won't happen, Saudi hints that they will acquire the same capabilities as Iran suggest otherwise. (prnewswire.com)
As the June 30 deadline approaches for the P5+1 - a group of nations including the US, Russia and China - and Iran to complete a nuclear agreement, all signs seem to be pointing to the fact that Britain alongside the US and France seem to be caving in on some of their long-standing central demands. (telegraph.co.uk)
Foremost among these is that Iran must be transparent about the "possible military dimensions" (PMDs) of its nuclear program. (telegraph.co.uk)
This means that the ultimate agreement could leave open the potential for Iran to weaponize its nuclear program and acquire and then possibly deploy a nuclear weapon. (telegraph.co.uk)
Finally, there are those who feel that the nuclear agreement being considered between Iran and the P5+1 adequately prevents Iran from quickly weaponizing its nuclear program. (telegraph.co.uk)
The poll also showed that a majority of Saudis think their country should seek nuclear weapons if Iran acquires an atomic bomb. (timesofisrael.com)
The results indicate significant common ground between Saudi Arabia and Israel, whose prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has been outspoken in his criticism of an emerging nuclear deal between Iran and global powers. (timesofisrael.com)
Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons, insisting its atomic program is for purely peaceful purposes. (timesofisrael.com)
India, Pakistan, China, and the United Kingdom have increased their nuclear weapons stockpiles, while leaders in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and Iran have all voiced an interest in militarizing their nuclear programs. (americanbar.org)
The former Navy judge advocate told the thousands of AIPACers that when it comes to dealing with Iran and the possibility it will develop nuclear weapons, "all options must be on the table" and "you know exactly what I'm talking about. (motherjones.com)
And he told the crowd that "time is not on our side" and that this AIPAC conference could be the last of the lobby's annual get-togethers before Iran possesses nuclear weapons. (motherjones.com)
Military action ought to be taken against Iran, he said, before the country acquires a nuclear bomb. (motherjones.com)
While Iran insists its nuclear program is civilian in nature, Israel, the U.S., and much of Europe is convinced Tehran is bent on acquiring nuclear weapons. (antiwar.com)
Whereas the latter is employed by many countries, only five such nations were listed in the broader Nuclear Posture Review put together by the Bush administration in December 2001: Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea and Syria. (scientificamerican.com)
They believe that Iran could have nuclear weapons within a year and one former Mossad chief is urging his country's leadership to launch a massive series of air strikes against Iranian nuclear and other military facilities before it is too late. (bibleprophecyblog.com)
Some of these missiles could be have chemical and/or biological warheads, even if the nuclear warheads in Iran are not yet ready. (bibleprophecyblog.com)
As Thursday's Senate vote demonstrates , there is no longer any suspense about the fate of the nuclear deal with Iran. (politico.com)
Even many of its supporters have worries about what happens when Iran is no longer limited in the size or the quality of its centrifuges or nuclear infrastructure, particularly after year fifteen. (politico.com)
President Obama stated in his letter to Congressman Jerrold Nadler that "my administration will take whatever means are necessary to achieve that goal [preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon], including military means. (politico.com)
In any case, doubts about America's will to respond to an Iranian dash toward a nuclear weapon may persist over time, but no one in the Middle East questions whether Israel would act militarily if Iran chose to dash toward a nuclear weapon. (politico.com)
French President Francois Hollande arrived in Israel for an official state visit to Jerusalem and Ramallah on Sunday, bringing a promise to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, along with an ardent wish to advance the peace process between Israel and the Palestinians. (jcpa.org)
Today, three decades later, France is the wiser and it is demanding additional guarantees from Iran, despite believing in Tehran's right to nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. (jcpa.org)
Assumed to have the Middle East's only nuclear arsenal, Israel has hinted it could resort to preemptive strikes to prevent Iran from acquiring the bomb. (scarlatescu.ro)
Israel believes Iran could begin making nuclear weapons by 2010. (scarlatescu.ro)
President Trump arrives to deliver a statement on the Iran nuclear deal on May 8, 2018. (vox.com)
My fellow Americans: Today, I want to update the world on our efforts to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon. (vox.com)
Over the years, Iran and its proxies have bombed American embassies and military installations, murdered hundreds of American servicemembers, and kidnapped, imprisoned, and tortured American citizens. (vox.com)
In theory, the so-called "Iran deal" was supposed to protect the United States and our allies from the lunacy of an Iranian nuclear bomb, a weapon that will only endanger the survival of the Iranian regime. (vox.com)
In fact, the deal allowed Iran to continue enriching uranium and, over time, reach the brink of a nuclear breakout. (vox.com)
The deal lifted crippling economic sanctions on Iran in exchange for very weak limits on the regime's nuclear activity, and no limits at all on its other malign behavior, including its sinister activities in Syria, Yemen, and other places all around the world. (vox.com)
At the heart of the Iran deal was a giant fiction that a murderous regime desired only a peaceful nuclear energy program. (vox.com)
Last week, Israel published intelligence documents long concealed by Iran, conclusively showing the Iranian regime and its history of pursuing nuclear weapons. (vox.com)
The agreement was so poorly negotiated that even if Iran fully complies, the regime can still be on the verge of a nuclear breakout in just a short period of time. (vox.com)
Everyone would want their weapons ready by the time Iran had theirs. (vox.com)
Saudia Arabia would move quickly to acquire nuclear weapons if Iran successfully tests an atomic bomb, according to a report. (shadowspear.com)
Saudi Arabia's crown prince has announced his country's readiness to develop nuclear weapons in the event that Iran heads in that direction. (aljazeera.com)
Saudi Arabia does not want to acquire any nuclear bomb, but without a doubt, if Iran developed a nuclear bomb, we will follow suit as soon as possible," Mohammad bin Salman, popularly known as MBS, told US broadcaster CBS in an interview set to air on Sunday. (aljazeera.com)
Saudi authorities have repeatedly commended US President Donald Trump 's tough stance on the Iran nuclear deal. (aljazeera.com)
Mostafa Khoshcheshm, a Tehran-based political commentator, said Iran has been open about its nuclear programme, adding it is intended for peaceful purposes only. (aljazeera.com)
There has never been a shred of evidence all throughout history to accuse Iran of developing a military nuclear programme," he told Al Jazeera on Thursday. (aljazeera.com)
But Iran on Friday accused Israel of trying to provoke a war by assassinating Fakhrizadeh-Mahabadi, whom Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu had named as the father of the rogue nation's nuclear program. (dailymail.co.uk)
Five to ten years is often quoted as the period of time it will take for Iran to acquire nuclear capability. (chicagoboyz.net)
In the first place, if Iran or any other country has the necessary fissile material, U235 or Pu239, it has the bomb. (chicagoboyz.net)
U235 gun-assembled bombs are trivial, and plutonium implosion weapons are well within the capabilities of a country like Iran. (chicagoboyz.net)
The issue is not how long it will take Iran to get the bomb, but what to do about it if it does. (chicagoboyz.net)
Worried About Israel Bombing Iran Before November? (time.com)
Not known for the consistency of his statements - he earned the nickname "Mr. Zigzag" during his tenure as Prime Minister - the Israeli Defense Minister who just weeks ago was painting himself as "the decision maker" on the verge of scrambling the jets, is now reportedly opposed to bombing Iran before the U.S. election. (time.com)
Netanyahu's problem, though, is that Obama's red line - preventing the Iranians from acquiring a nuclear weapon - is not the same as the Israeli red line, which insists that Iran can't be allowed to maintain the nuclear infrastructure that it already has, even though that infrastructure falls within the limits of what is permissible for NPT signatories, because it can be repurposed to create weapons-grade materiel. (time.com)
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said North Korea is preparing to conduct its seventh nuclear test, Iran "has either been unwilling or unable" to accept a deal to return to the 2015 nuclear agreement aimed at reining in its nuclear program, and Russia is "engaged in reckless, dangerous nuclear saber-rattling" in Ukraine. (ktar.com)
Tehran would retaliate with its own strike, providing the US with an excuse to attack military targets and nuclear facilities in Iran. (yourbbsucks.com)
Iran continues to acquire and develop the fundamental prerequisites for a nuclear weapon. (yourbbsucks.com)
There continues to be much speculation about a "less for less" nuclear deal between the US and Iran, with even Israeli PM Netanyahu publicly stating that the US appears "determined" to reach such a deal, and unnamed Israeli officials quoted as saying a deal is now "imminent" . (aijac.org.au)
He argues that Iran has successfully stymied the IAEA's efforts to investigate new nuclear sites identified in the Iranian nuclear archive that Israel seized in 2018 because the IAEA has not received sufficient backing from Washington and Europe, who have been too focused on trying to reach a new nuclear agreement rather than making sure the IAEA can do its job. (aijac.org.au)
Both Netanyahu and his National Security Advisor, Tzachi Hanegbi , have suggested that, while they do not like it, Israel can live with the "less for less" nuclear deal with Iran currently being contemplated. (aijac.org.au)
AIJAC research associate Ran Porat explaining how Iran is the motivating factor behind Saudi plans to build a "nuclear Aramco" . (aijac.org.au)
Although Syria's civil war is dominating front pages around the world, a debate is still raging in Washington, Tel Aviv and other capitals about how to stop Iran from developing nuclear weapons. (nationalinterest.org)
What would be the political and strategic consequences of Iran acquiring nuclear weapons? (nationalinterest.org)
They are convinced that Iran is dead-set on building nuclear weapons, that it is ominously close to acquiring these weapons, and that a nuclear-armed Iran will pose a greater danger to the Middle East. (nationalinterest.org)
The Coercers believe that a diplomatic strategy combining carrots and sticks can keep Iran from going nuclear. (nationalinterest.org)
The third group, the Containers, believes a nuclear-armed Iran is inevitable and the proper strategic response is containment. (nationalinterest.org)
Like the Bombers, they think that Iran is determined to build nuclear weapons. (nationalinterest.org)
Containers like to point out an inherent contradiction in the Bomber's logic: Iran will act recklessly if it gets the bomb but it will act with restraint if we attack it first. (nationalinterest.org)
If the United States' 1,800 deployed nuclear weapons don't give the United States the power to coerce Iran now, why should a handful of nuclear weapons give Iran the ability to coerce us in the future? (nationalinterest.org)
As I have long said and will continue to say, U.S. policy must be clear and unequivocal: We cannot, we should not, we must not permit Iran to build or acquire nuclear weapons. (rightwingnews.com)
So, why is it that liberals, who are steadfastly against using force to stop Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, are terrified that Bush or Giuliani would bomb Iran, but don't seem concerned that Hillary, Barack, or Edwards would do the same? (rightwingnews.com)
Obama administration officials are escalating warnings that the U.S. could join Israel in attacking Iran if the Islamic republic doesn't dispel concerns that its nuclear program is aimed at producing weapons. (dailyalert.org)

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Clement Attlee, set up a cabinet sub-committee, the Gen 75 Committee (known informally as the "Atomic Bomb Committee"), on 10 August 1945 to examine the feasibility of a renewed nuclear weapons programme. (wikipedia.org)
The US succeeded building the first American nuclear bomb in 1945. (bartleby.com)
Why Have Nuclear Weapons Not Been Used in Conflict Since 1945? (bartleby.com)
The third argument for the absence of nuclear weapons since 1945 is through the concept of deterrence. (bartleby.com)
In August 1945, two atom bombs dropped by the U.S. all but obliterated the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (fpif.org)
and accompanied by an image of the U.S. Fat Man bomb, which destroyed Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, overlaid with the colors of the German flag. (brookings.edu)
But a document newly obtained by the Washington, D.C.-based Federation of American Scientists (FAS)-founded by the creators of the original nuclear bomb in 1945 and monitoring the weapons ever since-reveals that in recent years the U.S. target list has expanded to include so-called 'regional proliferators,' smaller states seeking to acquire such weapons of mass destruction. (scientificamerican.com)
Between 1943 to 1945, this department coordinated key production efforts of the Manhattan Project-including plutonium purification and production and, as part of the Manhattan Project's Dayton Project, techniques to refine chemicals used as triggers for atomic weapons. (naturalnews.com)

This will only get worse, Podhoretz charges (citing fellow neocon John Bolton) with "Iranian nuclear blackmail. (counterpunch.org)
Thus the Iranian president and regime and nuclear program must be eliminated through the deployment of U.S. power. (counterpunch.org)
order air strikes against the Iranian nuclear facilities from the three U.S. aircraft carriers already sitting nearby. (counterpunch.org)
WASHINGTON , April 16, 2015 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- While agreeing that the framework agreement imposing limitations on the Iranian nuclear program is a positive and major step forward, a panel of leading science and security experts convened by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists cautioned today that a measure now moving through Congress will do little to address a wide range of technical issues that must be resolved in the coming months. (prnewswire.com)
An early review of the State Department list of the central points of the agreement shows a variety of positive limitations on enrichment levels and quantity, low-enriched uranium stocks, the Arak reactor, and reprocessing, as well as broad International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) authorities for access to Iranian nuclear facilities, including any suspected covert facilities. (prnewswire.com)
It follows that, putting in legislation language that would support the use of force in response to an Iranian dash toward a nuclear bomb should be something the president could support. (politico.com)
For those who fear we would be simply handing over our decision-making on this issue to the Israelis, we could work out in advance an agreed set of indicators that would constitute an Iranian move toward a weapon and justify the use force. (politico.com)
On Syria, as with the Iranian nuclear project, France has maintained a position that has been consistent, courageous, and more forceful than that of the U.S. or other Western states. (jcpa.org)
The former head of the Central Intelligence Agency has labelled the assassination of a top Iranian nuclear scientist Friday a 'criminal' act that risks inflaming conflict in the region. (dailymail.co.uk)
With his usual apocalyptic rhetoric, he said Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad could lead the region to a new world war if his nation builds a nuclear bomb. (yourbbsucks.com)
Much speculation and analysis is thus being centred on the messaging in a speech on the nuclear issue earlier this week from Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, and this Update features some of that discussion. (aijac.org.au)
Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's speech to his country's nuclear industry on June 11 was intended to send a series of explicit and implicit messages regarding a return to some sort of nuclear deal. (aijac.org.au)
On June 11, Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei delivered a speech before members of the country's nuclear industry for the first time in years, against the backdrop of reports that Tehran and Washington have been indirectly negotiating a nuclear deal via Oman. (aijac.org.au)
Containers are even more skeptical than Coercers about the ability of air strikes to eliminate the Iranian nuclear program for a significant length of time without excessive collateral damage. (nationalinterest.org)
The second important difference is that Containers, unlike Coercers and Bombers, don't view Iranian acquisition of nuclear weapons as having catastrophic consequences necessitating a preventive war. (nationalinterest.org)

The nuclear warheads resting on ballistic missiles in silos, circling the globe in submarines or carried-sometimes mistakenly-by aircraft hail from an era when the U.S. targeted its largest foe, the U.S.S.R. and, more recently, Russia and China. (scientificamerican.com)
The U.S. and Russia, which possess close to 95% of the world's nuclear warheads, have a special responsibility, obligation and experience to demonstrate leadership, but other nations must join. (nti.org)
Some steps are already in progress, such as the ongoing reductions in the number of nuclear warheads deployed on long-range, or strategic, bombers and missiles. (nti.org)
Citing an unidentified Saudi Arabian source, the Times newspaper in the U.K. (which operates behind a paywall) said that the kingdom would seek to buy ready-made warheads and also begin its own program to enrich weapons-grade uranium. (shadowspear.com)

Christopher Hinton agreed to oversee the design, construction and operation of the new nuclear weapons facilities, which included a uranium metal plant at Springfields in Lancashire, and nuclear reactors and plutonium processing facilities at Windscale in Cumbria. (wikipedia.org)
Bavarian authorities have been involved in two of the four German sting operations in which nuclear materials were seized, including the Aug. 10 Munich airport incident in which police arrested three men for trying to smuggle about 10.5 ounces of plutonium 239, the largest snatch recorded by German authorites. (csmonitor.com)
An outlaw nation or terrorist group could acquire enough weapons-grade nuclear material - either plutonium or uranium - to make an atomic bomb. (csmonitor.com)
The plans for an indigenous program capable of using established methods of producing plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) are already in place, and several Saudi nuclear scientists have earned their PhD's researching new forms of civil nuclear technology. (telegraph.co.uk)
These plants' backers allow that many of these new reactors could use or produce super weapons-grade plutonium and may need to be fueled with uranium containing five to seven times more of the weapons-useful isotope U235 than what most reactors now use. (americanbar.org)
He was referring only to those materials which are defined as "strategic nuclear materials" by the IAEA namely, highly enriched uranium and plutonium, neither of which is presently sold (as such) by Canada. (ccnr.org)
Cutting off access to weapons-grade uranium and plutonium, without suppressing the raw material from which they are both derived, is rather like pulling a weed without removing the root. (ccnr.org)
Netanyahu would like the Obama administration to tell the Iranians that the United States will take military action if they seem likely to acquire sufficient weapons-grade plutonium to make a nuclear bomb. (foreignpolicy.com)

Since the invention of nuclear weapons, they have presented the world with a significant danger, one that was shown in reality during the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (bartleby.com)
With just 25 kilograms of HEU, which could easily fit in a shoebox or backpack, terrorists could make a nuclear weapon capable of inflicting the same devastation as the bombs used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (livableworld.org)
The "Hiroshima fallacy," the notion that nuclear weapons require at least the level of sophistication of those used at Hiroshima or Nagasaki, must be rejected. (chicagoboyz.net)

The Russians accuse the U.S. of violating the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty of 1987, which banned land-based cruise and medium-range missiles with a range between 300 and 3,400 miles. (fpif.org)
It has signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, and the Chemical Weapons Convention. (telegraph.co.uk)
and Turkey's president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, have all publicly threatened to leave the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). (americanbar.org)
In the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 and the Two Plus Four Agreement of 1990, it pledged never to acquire nuclear weapons. (brookings.edu)
United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, left, H.E. Ambassador Gustavo Zlauvinen, center is seen during the 2022 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) review conference, in the United Nations General Assembly, Monday, Aug. 1, 2022. (ktar.com)
Secretary-General Antonio Guterres gave the dire warning at the opening of the long-delayed high-level meeting to review the landmark 50-year-old treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and eventually achieving a nuclear-free world. (ktar.com)
The danger of increasing nuclear threats and a nuclear catastrophe was also raised by the United States, Japan, Germany, the U.N. nuclear chief and many other opening speakers at the meeting to review progress and agree to future steps to implement the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, known as the NPT. (ktar.com)
It is the sole multilateral disarmament negotiating body in the world and has produced major multilateral agreements, such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention. (worldacademy.org)
Strengthen the means of monitoring compliance with the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) as a counter to the global spread of advanced technologies. (blogspot.com)

The spread of such plants is only likely to increase spent reactor fuel recycling and uranium enrichment-activities critical to making nuclear weapons. (americanbar.org)
The most likely scenario involves a terrorist group purchasing or stealing highly enriched uranium (HEU) and developing an improvised nuclear device. (livableworld.org)
Nevertheless, by continuing to sell uranium to countries with nuclear weapons programs -- the United States, Britain and France -- Canada is undoubtedly helping them to make bombs. (ccnr.org)
As Ernie Regehr points out in Chapter 5, even if Canadian uranium were being used in these countries only to fuel electricity-producing reactors, still that frees up more uranium to be used in bombs. (ccnr.org)
In addition, as we will see, some Canadian uranium does find its way into weapons. (ccnr.org)
The claim that this particular pound of uranium will be the one used for producing weapons is a monstrous fantasy designed to get concerned citizens debating that very question, the way we might debate the question of how many angels can dance on the head of a pin. (ccnr.org)
What difference does it make where the uranium comes from, if the country it goes to is making nuclear weapons? (ccnr.org)
Following the Indian nuclear explosion, Canada's 1974 policy dictated that no uranium of Canadian origin might be highly enriched or reprocessed without the prior consent of the Canadian government. (ccnr.org)
But the surest way to strangle the nuclear arms race is to stop the trade in uranium, for without uranium there could be no nuclear weapons of any description. (ccnr.org)
What is weapons-grade uranium? (ccnr.org)
Only the first of these can be used directly as a nuclear explosive, and it is rare: less than 1 per cent of the natural uranium blend. (ccnr.org)

Two main theorists of international relations, Kenneth Waltz and Scott Sagan have been debating on the issue of nuclear weapons and the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the 21st century. (bartleby.com)
The aim is to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and make sure they would not be acquired by a rogue state. (fpif.org)

The two graphite-moderated reactors, referred to at the time as "piles," had been built as part of the British post-war atomic bomb project. (wikipedia.org)
The December 1938 discovery of nuclear fission by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann following its prediction by Ida Noddack in 1934 - and its explanation and naming by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch - raised the possibility that an extremely powerful atomic bomb could be created. (wikipedia.org)
In response, the British government initiated an atomic-bomb project, codenamed Tube Alloys. (wikipedia.org)
Safety is a moving target in nuclear power plants and is continuously evolving based on the reviews by utilities and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) besides internationally evolving standards," Narayanaswamy informed parliament. (ipsnews.net)
When the late King Abdullah decided to pursue a comprehensive national civil nuclear program, he established the King Abdullah Atomic Energy City (KACARE) that centralized all nuclear related research in Saudi Arabia. (telegraph.co.uk)
U.S. President George W. Bush cited the International Atomic Energy Agency as saying Iraq was six months away from nuclear capability -- something the IAEA, in fact, has not said. (rferl.org)
The paper adds that he U.S. Defense Department itself reported last year that 'Iraq would need five or more years' to make an atomic bomb. (rferl.org)
Saudi Arabia will buy atomic bomb? (shadowspear.com)
Rafael Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, said the Ukraine conflict is "so grave that the specter of a potential nuclear confrontation, or accident, has raised its terrifying head again. (ktar.com)

And, thanks to previous gaps in the nonproliferation regime, supplier restraints would not prohibit Pakistan , which is not a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, from supplying Saudi Arabia with the dual use equipment it would need to produce HEU. (prnewswire.com)
Saudi Arabia has for past several years been laying the groundwork for a civil nuclear program with no PMDs. (telegraph.co.uk)
Washington has tightened restraints on exports to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Taiwan, China, and Russia and relaxed conditions on nuclear transfers to Vietnam, India, and Saudi Arabia. (americanbar.org)
All of these countries but Turkey and Saudi Arabia are currently operating, developing, or building such plants and all have considered acquiring nuclear weapons or want to build more. (americanbar.org)
The paper suggested that Pakistan was the country most likely to supply Saudi Arabia with weapons, saying Western officials were convinced there was an understanding between the countries to do so if the security situation in the Persian Gulf gets worse. (shadowspear.com)

Many other reasons encourage countries to seek nuclear weapons, but the main reason for acquiring nuclear weapons is the deterrence against any external threat and prevention external offensive that might lead to war. (bartleby.com)
Deterrence is the measures taken by a state or an alliance of multiple states to prevent hostile action by another, in this case through nuclear weapons. (bartleby.com)
However, nuclear weapons have not only served in combat, but they have also played a role in keeping the world peaceful by the concept of deterrence. (bartleby.com)
The usage of nuclear weapons would lead to mutual destruction and during the Cold War, nuclear weapons were necessary to maintain international security, as a means of deterrence. (bartleby.com)
Given the U.S. president's increasingly ambivalent attitude to NATO , the debate over nuclear deterrence in Europe has been simmering in Berlin for two years. (brookings.edu)
It hosts U.S. nuclear bombs on a German air base as part of NATO's extended deterrence, but they are firmly under American control. (brookings.edu)
With nuclear weapons more widely available, deterrence is decreasingly effective and increasingly hazardous. (nti.org)
Containers argue that nuclear weapons are good only for deterrence, not coercion. (nationalinterest.org)

On Mar. 5 Gohil and some 5,000 villagers silently walked out of a public hearing held by the local administration seeking approval for construction for the GNPP which is due to be equipped with six Westinghouse-Toshiba nuclear reactors, each with a 1,000 megawatt capacity. (ipsnews.net)
At KACARE, Saudi nuclear scientists have already carried out the strategic planning on a nuclear program, and plans are in place to spend around $80 billion over the next twenty years to build about sixteen nuclear power reactors. (telegraph.co.uk)
See World Nuclear Association, "Small Nuclear Power Reactors," May 2022 . (americanbar.org)

Does possessing of nuclear weapons offset conventional force imbalance and deter military threat? (bartleby.com)
German law-enforcement officials, including Beckstein, say Russia holds the key to dealing with the new nuclear threat. (csmonitor.com)
I have no doubt that the top leaders in the [Russian] government are concerned by this problem,'' Beckstein said, referring to the nuclear threat. (csmonitor.com)
One year ago, in an essay in this paper, we called for a global effort to reduce reliance on nuclear weapons, to prevent their spread into potentially dangerous hands, and ultimately to end them as a threat to the world. (nti.org)
Both leaders have 'cleverly' suggested 'that the threat of a nuclear attack on their home populations is real and imminent. (rferl.org)
According to Democratic frontrunner Hillary Clinton in the first Democratic debate of the 2016 election season, it is the threat of nuclear weapons and material falling into the wrong hands. (livableworld.org)
Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said divisions in the world since the last review conference in 2015, which ended without a consensus document, have become greater, stressing that Russia's threat to use nuclear weapons in the Ukraine war has contributed "to worldwide concern that yet another catastrophe by nuclear weapon use is a real possibility. (ktar.com)
But half of the nuclear tenure at Ghedi has been after the end of the Cold War with no imminent threat that requires forward deployment of nuclear weapons in Europe. (fas.org)
The original piece called for called for a global effort to reduce reliance on nuclear weapons, to prevent their spread into potentially dangerous hands, and ultimately to end them as a threat to the world. (blogspot.com)
Obviously, the nature of the nuclear threat has shifted dramatically over the past three decades--a fact the authors readily acknowledge. (blogspot.com)

Today the U.S. and Russia possess nuclear weapons with many times the destructive power of the earlier bombs. (fpif.org)
Economic chaos in the nuclear powers of the former Soviet Union - Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine - has lowered security at nuclear facilities while heightening temptation for those with access to radioactive material to peddle it to the highest bidder. (csmonitor.com)
First we got the bomb and that was good/'Cause we love peace and motherhood/Then Russia got the bomb, but that's OK/'Cause the balance of power's maintained that way! (brookings.edu)
Budget shortages prevent Russia from dispersing its weapons into the sanctuaries of the oceans and forests, to the point that, in their present configuration, its strategic forces could not ride out a U.S. attack. (brookings.edu)
Consequently, Russia today faces far stronger pressures to "use or lose" its nuclear arsenal than at any time since the early 1960s. (brookings.edu)
While Russia relies more on nuclear weapons and on launching them on warning, its nuclear control regime is steadily deteriorating in physical, organizational, and human terms. (brookings.edu)
Other near-term steps that the U.S. and Russia could take, beginning in 2008, can in and of themselves dramatically reduce nuclear dangers. (nti.org)
German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock accused Russia of "brutally violating the assurances" it gave Ukraine in 1994 and said Moscow's "reckless nuclear rhetoric" since its invasion of its smaller neighbor "is putting at risk everything the NPT has achieved in five decades. (ktar.com)
Most recently, Blinken said Russia seized Europe's largest nuclear power plant in Zaporizhzhya and is using it as a military base to fire at Ukrainians, "knowing that they can't and won't shoot back because they might accidentally strike a nuclear reactor or highly radioactive waste in storage. (ktar.com)
First, the national security heavyweights seem to be locked in a 1970s time warp, when there were only five declared nuclear powers: the United States, Russia, China, Great Britain and France. (blogspot.com)

Bush says he wants diplomacy to settle the nuclear dispute with Tehran, and hopes international pressure will finally convince Ahmadinejad to come to his senses. (yourbbsucks.com)

The Nobel Prize committee also cited a speech he made in which he pledged to "reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy. (fpif.org)
Such 'broadening of nuclear targeting' is troubling, Kristensen says, 'especially when diplomats claim we have decreased the role of nuclear weapons. (scientificamerican.com)
In June, the United Kingdom's foreign secretary, Margaret Beckett, signaled her government's support, stating: 'What we need is both a vision - a scenario for a world free of nuclear weapons - and action - progressive steps to reduce warhead numbers and to limit the role of nuclear weapons in security policy. (nti.org)

However, by the end of the Cold War, reliance on nuclear weapons for maintaining peace became increasingly difficult and less effective (Shultz, et. (bartleby.com)
Russia's conventional forces have declined to the point that they can no longer protect Russian territory, and into this vacuum has rushed a growing reliance on nuclear weapons-including the prospect of their first use early in any serious conventional conflict. (brookings.edu)

In their book The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: An Enduring Debate, they both discuss their various theories, assumptions and beliefs on nuclear proliferation and nuclear weapons. (bartleby.com)
the spread of nuclear weapons has been limited, if not entirely prevented. (fpif.org)
The accelerating spread of nuclear weapons, nuclear know-how and nuclear material has brought us to a nuclear tipping point. (nti.org)

Administration plans now call for the U.S. to spend a trillion dollars over the next three decades modernizing its nuclear arsenal. (fpif.org)
Trump is pushing back against NBC News' report that he called for a nearly tenfold increase in the U.S. nuclear arsenal. (scrippsnews.com)
Trump's tweet comes after NBC News ran a story citing three anonymous U.S. officials who said Trump wanted to increase the U.S. nuclear arsenal by nearly 10 times. (scrippsnews.com)
There are a lot of weapons missing from the Russian arsenal. (shadowspear.com)

None should doubt that the Saudi scientific community possesses the know-how and technical infrastructure to realize this nuclear defense doctrine. (telegraph.co.uk)
A satellite photo from March this year shows part of the nuclear infrastructure at Ghedi Torre Air Base. (fas.org)

Chancellor Angela Merkel even announced a plan to scrap the use of civilian nuclear power by 2022, after the catastrophe at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan in 2011. (brookings.edu)

In China's case, the Pentagon believes Beijing will use its civilian fast-reactor program to expand its nuclear weapons production capacity significantly. (americanbar.org)
China views Japan's and South Korea's fast reactor and spent fuel recycling programs as nuclear weapons options, and Japan and South Korea view each other's and China's programs in a similar fashion. (americanbar.org)
Under President Giscard d'Estaing, France built a nuclear reactor in Baghdad which was destroyed by Israel's Begin government in June 1981 due to the justified concern that it was being built for military purposes. (jcpa.org)
In the September strike, Israeli bombers were likely targeting a nuclear reactor under construction, parts of which are alleged to have come from North Korea. (yourbbsucks.com)

All the trends pertinent to the functioning of Russia's nuclear command and early warning system are negative, casting strong doubt on its ability to endure the stress and strain indefinitely. (brookings.edu)
President Vladimir Putin's own (self-described) 'grandiose plan' to restore Russia's armed forces includes a nuclear buildup. (yourbbsucks.com)

Nor would Trump object if South Korea and Japan acquired nuclear weapons. (fpif.org)
South Korea's public, meanwhile, overwhelmingly supports acquiring the bomb, and leaders in South Korea and Japan have called on the United States to redeploy nuclear weapons on their soil (something the Pentagon has so far resisted). (americanbar.org)

and threats to deploy tactical nuclear weapons. (bvsalud.org)

Note: Compulsory reading for aficionados of this subject is Nuclear Successor States of the Soviet Union: Status Report on Nuclear Weapons, Fissile Material, and Export Controls , No. 5, March 1998, Monterey Institute of International Studies and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC. (brookings.edu)
In a word, enough fissile material to go critical, at the very least, would be the mother of all dirty bombs. (chicagoboyz.net)

Many countries built nuclear weapons because it felt insecure from the major nuclear states or from their neighbors conventional military or nuclear capabilities. (bartleby.com)
There have only been two instances in world history of nuclear weapons being used against another nation during a military conflict. (bartleby.com)
The immediate focus should be on improving security at Russian nuclear military and civilian installations, German officials say. (csmonitor.com)
Soviet designers built an impressive command system to ensure strict central control over nuclear weapons-a core value of Soviet political and military culture-but they understandably overlooked a host of dangers that developed after the Soviet empire dissolved. (brookings.edu)
The list is long: coups, rebellions, secession, severe civil-military tensions, huge cuts in defense spending, dire working and living conditions even for elite nuclear units, operational atrophy and declining proficiency in matters of operational safety, widespread corruption, and pervasive demoralization. (brookings.edu)
Moreover, although France stubbornly refused to sign the NPT or to accept full-scope safeguards, the Canadian government judged that the conditions of its 1976 safeguards policy were met well enough when France arranged for IAEA safeguards on its civilian (but not its military) nuclear facilities. (ccnr.org)
The colloquium was part of a joint Defense Research & Engineering - Intelligence Community technology forecast to determine what technology will be most significant for military weapon systems of the United States and the USSR for the rest of this century. (cia.gov)
INTRODUCTION: Radiological/nuclear accidents, hostile military activity, or terrorist strikes have the potential to expose a large number of civilians and military personnel to high doses of radiation resulting in the development of acute radiation syndrome and delayed effects of exposure. (bvsalud.org)

Iraq has chemical and biological weapons and has tried to acquire nuclear weapons, the paper says. (rferl.org)
Hussein has amassed biological and chemical weapons and seeks nuclear ones. (rferl.org)
Biological weapons include any organism or toxin found in nature that can be used to incapacitate, kill, or otherwise impede an adversary. (medscape.com)
Biological weapons are often characterized by low visibility, high potency, substantial accessibility, and relatively easy delivery. (medscape.com)
The use of biological agents is not a new concept, and history is replete with examples of biological weapons use. (medscape.com)
Before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: (1) deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious or toxic material, (2) use of microorganisms or toxins in some form of weapon system, and (3) use of biologically inoculated fabrics. (medscape.com)
Attempts to use biological weapons date back to antiquity. (medscape.com)
During World War I, the Germans developed anthrax, glanders, cholera, and a wheat fungus for use as biological weapons. (medscape.com)
They also developed a plague biological weapon by breeding fleas fed on plague-infected rats, and releasing millions of fleas in aerial attacks on Chinese cities. (medscape.com)

He warned that at the Zaporizhzhya nuclear plant "the situation is becoming more perilous by the day," and he urged all countries to help make possible his visit to the plant with a team of IAEA safety and security experts, saying his efforts for the past two months have been unsuccessful. (ktar.com)

But, in spite of the protests and intervention by the court the government appears determined to push ahead with plans to generate 40 gigawatts of nuclear energy by 2020, most of it from nuclear parks in various stages of completion along India's peninsular coastline. (ipsnews.net)
The new trailers will be able to handle the new B61-12 guided standoff nuclear bomb that is planned for deployment in Europe from 2020. (fas.org)

If Donald Trump is elected he will be handed the keys to nuclear-weapons program more entrenched than ever thanks to President Obama. (fpif.org)
However, there is a strong possibility that the Kingdom might begin to engage in contingency planning for a defensive nuclear program with PMDs. (telegraph.co.uk)
First, in order to produce a nuclear program with PMDs, a fully operative domestic civil nuclear program must be in place, and the Kingdom has in fact been working on the foundations of such a program for years. (telegraph.co.uk)
The second fundamental pillar of the doctrine is that the addition of PMDs to the Saudi nuclear program would be carried out for purely defensive reasons. (telegraph.co.uk)
Israel's nuclear weapons program being the prime example of this failed policy. (telegraph.co.uk)
Therefore, if they must develop a defensive weaponized nuclear program in order to protect themselves and their allies, they will do so. (telegraph.co.uk)
Further, through the Kingdom's $2 billion a year foreign scholarship program (there are currently about 15,000 students in the UK alone), numerous future Saudi nuclear physicists are being trained. (telegraph.co.uk)
What might Australia-a country that had a nuclear weapons program in the 1960s-do if South Korea or Japan acquired bombs of their own? (americanbar.org)
Three distinct schools of thought have emerged about Tehran's nuclear program. (nationalinterest.org)

Specifically, the heavily redacted document includes pictures of a North Korean missile, an underground Libyan facility to produce nuclear material, and a short-range, Russian-made SCUD ballistic missile (the weapon that played a terrifying role in the Persian Gulf War). (scientificamerican.com)
That problem has been addressed by the design of a 'new triad'-traditionally the three nuclear limbs comprising intercontinental ballistic missiles , air-delivered gravity bombs, and submarine-launched ballistic missiles -to include other weapons systems. (scientificamerican.com)
The first weapons to arrive were Corporal and Honest John short-range ballistic missiles in August 1956. (fas.org)

In From the Cold: Toward a Nuclear-Free World? (blogspot.com)
Entitled "Toward a Nuclear-Free World," it's actually a follow-up to an earlier commentary, also published in the WSJ . (blogspot.com)

This is the first formal confirmation at that high level that those countries entered mainstream strategic nuclear war planning,' says Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project at FAS, which obtained the excerpt from a 2002 U.S. Strategic Command (U.S. STARTCOM) briefing on the new war plan to take effect in 2003. (scientificamerican.com)
Under the concept [of a new triad] essentially everything becomes strategic-and by including conventional weapons, missile defense and the weapons facilities, they can say that the prominence of nuclear weapons has been reduced,' Kristensen says. (scientificamerican.com)
Over the past decade, Beijing has expanded its strategic forces and assembled powerful, theater-level nuclear assets opposite Taiwan. (blogspot.com)

Ghosh says any deal of the sort proposed will leave Teheran with all the nuclear gains it has made over the last few years and effectively allow it to benefit from the status of being a nuclear threshold state, while also getting sanctions relief to fill up its war chest. (aijac.org.au)

It is a good thing he did, as the Soviets had tactical nuclear weapons on Cuba. (foreignpolicy.com)

The source of the nuclear materials, German officials insist, is the former Soviet Union, which has been beset by political and economic turmoil since its disintegration in December 1991. (csmonitor.com)
Whereas the principal aim of American nuclear policy during the Cold War was to deter a strong and aggressive Soviet Union, the nuclear risks we face today stem from Russian weakness. (brookings.edu)

There was general agreement about the importance of the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons as a guide to our thinking about nuclear policies, and about the importance of a series of steps that will pull us back from the nuclear precipice. (nti.org)

They could not have chosen a worse site for a mega nuclear power plant - we have a history of earthquakes and fear a Fukushima type disaster in the Gulf of Khambat where the GNPP is coming up," said Gohil. (ipsnews.net)
Their petition cited the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear meltdowns to say that in the event of an accident, future generations would be affected by radiation contamination. (ipsnews.net)

The United States, meanwhile, has been schizophrenic in its control of its civilian nuclear exports. (americanbar.org)
Interest in such civilian nuclear systems has catalyzed mutual suspicions. (americanbar.org)
How might Turkey, Egypt, and Algeria, which also have civilian nuclear programs, react to any of these Middle Eastern states acquiring nuclear weapons? (americanbar.org)

In mid-May the Pentagon announced that it was updating its atom bombs to make them more accurate and to "minimize collateral damage. (fpif.org)
The company also was instrumental in the development of the atom bomb and other nuclear weapons. (naturalnews.com)

Nations acquire nuclear weapons for all sorts of reasons, and it's rarely about actually setting off the bomb. (scrippsnews.com)
As more nations acquire nuclear weapons, the chances that they will not eventually be used become vanishingly small. (chicagoboyz.net)
Speaking at the United Nations in 1978, Prime Minister Trudeau advocated a "strategy of suffocation" for halting the nuclear arms race by choking off the "vital oxygen" which feeds it. (ccnr.org)
UNITED NATIONS (AP) - The United Nations chief warned Monday that "humanity is just one misunderstanding, one miscalculation away from nuclear annihilation," citing the war in Ukraine, nuclear threats in Asia and the Middle East and many other factors. (ktar.com)
The Students for a Nuclear Weapons-Free World Conference was held from 13-16 July 2008 at the Palais des Nations in Geneva. (worldacademy.org)
The conference, which brought together the winning students of a global essay, video, and poster competition to work together on the question of how to free the world of nuclear weapons, was organized by the World Federation of United Nations Associations in collaboration with the World Academy of Art and Science. (worldacademy.org)
A new placard at Ghedi Air Base implies that U.S. nuclear weapons stored at the base have protected "the free nations of the world" after the end of the Cold War. (fas.org)
How do you persuade nations like India, Pakistan and even Israel to give up their nuclear option--weapons viewed in those countries as a critical deterrent, even necessary for national survival. (blogspot.com)

The Manhattan Project was established in 1942 as a secret project to build and produce a nuclear bomb in the US. (bartleby.com)

Furthermore, developments in cyber-warfare pose new threats that could have disastrous consequences if the command-and-control systems of any nuclear-weapons state were compromised by mischievous or hostile hackers. (nti.org)

He cited Russian President Vladimir Putin's warning after its Feb. 24 invasion that any attempt to interfere would lead to "consequences you have never seen," emphasizing that his country is "one of the most potent nuclear powers. (ktar.com)

Instead, the nuclear NATO mission now appears to be a financial and political burden to NATO that robs its armed forces of money and time better spent on non-nuclear missions, muddles NATO's nuclear arms control message, and provides fake reassurance to eastern NATO allies. (fas.org)
NATO's new mobile nuclear weapons maintenance system is scheduled for delivery to European nuclear bases in 2014. (fas.org)

The historian Spencer Weart notes 'You say 'nuclear bomb ' and everybody immediately thinks of the end of the world' The escalation of nuclear proliferation in and around the world, especially in the Middle East has led to the fear of nuclear war in the near future. (bartleby.com)

No action taken by the regime has been more dangerous than its pursuit of nuclear weapons and the means of delivering them. (vox.com)

America will not be held hostage to nuclear blackmail. (vox.com)

Do Nuclear Weapons Prevent A War? (bartleby.com)
Nuclear weapons make such countries feel more secure, nuclear weapons can prevent war because countries will have the ability to deter any external aggression. (bartleby.com)
Dramatically accelerate work to provide the highest possible standards of security for nuclear weapons, as well as for nuclear materials everywhere in the world, to prevent terrorists from acquiring a nuclear bomb. (blogspot.com)

What going smaller does is to make the weapon more thinkable," said Gen. James Cartwright, former vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (fpif.org)
The improvements will make nuclear weapons more usable - even in a first strike. (fpif.org)
The Russians are aware that so-called defensive weapons are weapons that make an offensive strike safer to carry out by protecting against retaliation. (fpif.org)
To make matters worse, the nuclear forces themselves have become vulnerable. (brookings.edu)
Given these not-too-secret designs, Democrats and Republicans alike have wondered what to make of the still mysterious Israeli bombing run in Syria on Sept. 6. (yourbbsucks.com)

In Germany's 'Sueddeutsche Zeitung,' Wolfgang Koydl considers whether U.S. President George W. Bush is correct in his claims that Iraq possesses nerve gas, chemical weapons, and is close to obtaining nuclear arms. (rferl.org)

But, it is not just the villagers and activists who are worried at the haste with which the public sector Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) is going about setting up coastal nuclear power projects - the courts have been lending a sympathetic ear to the protestors. (ipsnews.net)

So begins an immortal song about nuclear proliferation written in the early 1960s by the now 90-year-old American satirist and mathematician Tom Lehrer. (brookings.edu)

The Windscale fire of 10 October 1957 was the worst nuclear accident in the United Kingdom's history, and one of the worst in the world, ranked in severity at level 5 out of 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale. (wikipedia.org)

It is during this process of weapon disassembly when the electrical exclusion regions of the nuclear bomb are breached that a U.S. Air Force safety review in 1997 warned that "nuclear detonation may occur" if lightning strikes the shelter. (fas.org)

Although the CD has been unable to pursue negotiations due to differences between its members in the past decade, this impasse stands in contrast to a new intensity in international concern over nuclear disarmament. (worldacademy.org)

The US opened the nuclear world race when it started the Manhattan project to acquire a nuclear bomb. (bartleby.com)
If a nuclear exchange ever took place, the destruction would be greater than anything the world has ever known, and much of the earth would be contaminated by fall-out. (fpif.org)
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 2009 after he called for a nuclear-free world. (fpif.org)
I hear what you are saying and any nuclear capability is dangerous to the whole world. (shadowspear.com)
Any nation that chooses first use should face immediate nuclear attack by the rest of the world. (chicagoboyz.net)
54 Overview Non-Mutual Assured Destruction Nuclear Proliferation World NATO War Information War Small Unit Operations Food/Water Crisis Energy Related Scenarios Resources and Uncertainties - USSR. (cia.gov)
We believe that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought, and we stand for equal and indivisible security for all members of the world community," the Russian leader said. (ktar.com)
The conference is "an opportunity to hammer out the measures that will help avoid certain disaster, and to put humanity on a new path towards a world free of nuclear weapons," the secretary-general said. (ktar.com)
Numerous initiatives, including the report by the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission, have come from outside the UN, and it is hoped that they will lead to a revitalization of efforts towards a nuclear weapons-free world. (worldacademy.org)

For years, the Kingdom has been the primary leader in pushing for a Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Free Zone in the Middle East. (telegraph.co.uk)
This essay by David Albright - a physicist, and the President of the Institute for Science and International Security in Washington, D.C. - examines Al-Qaeda's efforts towards acquiring weapons of mass destruction. (nautilus.org)
A priority was uncovering information about al Qaeda's progress on acquiring weapons of mass destruction (WMD), including nuclear weapons. (nautilus.org)
General Tommy Franks, commander of American forces in Afghanistan, said last winter that detailed searches had been conducted at over 100 hundred sites in Afghanistan, including about 50 sites suspected of being involved in the production of weapons of mass destruction. (nautilus.org)

President Obama until recently seemed fully aware of the danger of nuclear proliferation. (fpif.org)

It has long been U.S. policy to oppose the development of such a bomb by any other country, including our allies. (fpif.org)
This, in a country that struggles to invest 2 percent of gross domestic product on defense and has an abiding dislike of all things nuclear. (brookings.edu)
This is contrary to assurances given to Ukraine of its sovereignty and independence when in gave up its Soviet-era nuclear weapons in 1994, Blinken said, and sends "the worst possible message" to any country thinking it needs nuclear weapons to defend itself and deter aggression. (ktar.com)

As a result, preventing al Qaeda and other terrorist groups from getting nuclear weapons or other WMD must be an overarching goal of the United States and the international community. (nautilus.org)
How might a terrorist acquire a nuclear bomb or enough nuclear material to create a crude weapon? (livableworld.org)

LOL) argues: 'Israel could mount a bombing raid, but only the United States could mount a sustained campaign. (shadowspear.com)

We have forgotten or refuse to think about just how destructive these weapons are. (chicagoboyz.net)

Any nation that acquires nuclear weapons beyond those that already face the capability should face immediate attack, regardless of what seems "fair. (chicagoboyz.net)

In 1942, the federal government established the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) in Anderson and Roane Counties in Tennessee as part of the Manhattan Project to research, develop, and produce special nuclear materials for nuclear weapons. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy1

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Humanities2

Named Groups1

Health Care11

Geographicals2

Iran's26

Iran75

19458

Iranian15

Warheads4

Plutonium8

Hiroshima3

Treaty9

Uranium11

Proliferation of nuclear weapons2

Atomic9

Saudi Arabia5

Deterrence8

Reactors3

Threat10

Russia10

Tehran1

Role of nuclear weapons3

Reliance on nuclear weapons2

Spread of nuclear3

Arsenal4

Infrastructure2

20221

Reactor4

Russia's2

South Korea and Japan2

Deploy1

Fissile Material2

Military8

Biological9

IAEA1

20202

Program9

Ballistic3

Toward a Nuclear-Free World2

Strategic3

Sanctions relief1

Tactical nuclear1

Soviet Union2

Precipice1

Fukushima2

Civilian nuclear3

Atom2

Nations8

Produce a nuclear1

Threats1

Powers1

NATO's2

Fear of nuclear war1

Regime1

Blackmail1

Prevent3

Make5

Bush1

India1

Early 1960s1

United Kingdom's1

Strikes1

Pursue1

World9

Mass Destruction4

Danger of nuclear1

Country3

Terrorist2

Argues1

Destructive1

Capability1

Manhattan Project1